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Mock MB, Summers RM. Microbial metabolism of caffeine and potential applications in bioremediation. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae080. [PMID: 38549434 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
With increasing global consumption of caffeine-rich products, such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks, there is also an increase in urban and processing waste full of residual caffeine with limited disposal options. This waste caffeine has been found to leach into the surrounding environment where it poses a threat to microorganisms, insects, small animals, and entire ecosystems. Growing interest in harnessing this environmental contaminant has led to the discovery of 79 bacterial strains, eight yeast strains, and 32 fungal strains capable of metabolizing caffeine by N-demethylation and/or C-8 oxidation. Recently observed promiscuity of caffeine-degrading enzymes in vivo has opened up the possibility of engineering bacterial strains capable of producing a wide variety of caffeine derivatives from a renewable resource. These engineered strains can be used to reduce the negative environmental impact of leached caffeine-rich waste through bioremediation efforts supplemented by our increasing understanding of new techniques such as cell immobilization. Here, we compile all of the known caffeine-degrading microbial strains, discuss their metabolism and related enzymology, and investigate their potential application in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Mock
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Ryan M Summers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
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2
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Anand U, Vaishnav A, Sharma SK, Sahu J, Ahmad S, Sunita K, Suresh S, Dey A, Bontempi E, Singh AK, Proćków J, Shukla AK. Current advances and research prospects for agricultural and industrial uses of microbial strains available in world collections. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156641. [PMID: 35700781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are an important component of the ecosystem and have an enormous impact on human lives. Moreover, microorganisms are considered to have desirable effects on other co-existing species in a variety of habitats, such as agriculture and industries. In this way, they also have enormous environmental applications. Hence, collections of microorganisms with specific traits are a crucial step in developing new technologies to harness the microbial potential. Microbial culture collections (MCCs) are a repository for the preservation of a large variety of microbial species distributed throughout the world. In this context, culture collections (CCs) and microbial biological resource centres (mBRCs) are vital for the safeguarding and circulation of biological resources, as well as for the progress of the life sciences. Ex situ conservation of microorganisms tagged with specific traits in the collections is the crucial step in developing new technologies to harness their potential. Type strains are mainly used in taxonomic study, whereas reference strains are used for agricultural, biotechnological, pharmaceutical research and commercial work. Despite the tremendous potential in microbiological research, little effort has been made in the true sense to harness the potential of conserved microorganisms. This review highlights (1) the importance of available global microbial collections for man and (2) the use of these resources in different research and applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and industry. In addition, an extensive literature survey was carried out on preserved microorganisms from different collection centres using the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS. This review also emphasizes knowledge gaps and future perspectives. Finally, this study provides a critical analysis of the current and future roles of microorganisms available in culture collections for different sustainable agricultural and industrial applications. This work highlights target-specific potential microbial strains that have multiple important metabolic and genetic traits for future research and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anukool Vaishnav
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland; Plant-Soil Interaction Group, Agroscope (Reckenholz), Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sushil K Sharma
- National Agriculturally Important Microbial Culture Collection (NAIMCC), ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (ICAR-NBAIM), Mau 275 103, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jagajjit Sahu
- GyanArras Academy, Gothapatna, Malipada, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751029, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Jai Prakash University, Saran, Chhapra 841301, Bihar, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273009, India
| | - S Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College, (A Constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), Bhagalpur 812007, Bihar, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya (affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya) 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chen H, Simoska O, Lim K, Grattieri M, Yuan M, Dong F, Lee YS, Beaver K, Weliwatte S, Gaffney EM, Minteer SD. Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions of Bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12903-12993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erin M. Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Ye Y, Guo H, Sun X. Recent progress on cell-based biosensors for analysis of food safety and quality control. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:389-404. [PMID: 30469077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Food quality and safety has become a subject of major concern for authorities and professionals in the food supply chain. Rapid methods, particularly biosensors, have exceptional specificity and sensitivity, rapid response times, low cost, relatively compact size, and are user friendly to operate. Cell-based biosensors are portable, and provide the biological activity of the analyte suitable for an initial screening of food. In this overview, the utilization of cell-based biosensors for food safety and quality analyses, such as detecting toxins, foodborne pathogens, allergens, and evaluating toxicity and function are summarized. Our results will promote the future development of cell-based biosensors in the food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Effects of high hydrostatic pressure or hydrophobic modification on thermal stability of xanthine oxidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 103:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Slepchenko GB, Gindullina TM, Nekhoroshev SV. Capabilities of the electrochemical methods in the determination of narcotic and psychotropic drugs in forensic chemistry materials. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817070127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Teixeira Silva F, Sorli B, Calado V, Guillaume C, Gontard N. Feasibility of a Gelatin Temperature Sensor Based on Electrical Capacitance. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122197. [PMID: 27999415 PMCID: PMC5191176 DOI: 10.3390/s16122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The innovative use of gelatin as a temperature sensor based on capacitance was studied at a temperature range normally used for meat cooking (20–80 °C). Interdigital electrodes coated by gelatin solution and two sensors of different thicknesses (38 and 125 µm) were studied between 300 MHz and 900 MHz. At 38 µm, the capacitance was adequately measured, but for 125 µm the slope capacitance versus temperature curve decreased before 900 MHz due to the electrothermal breakdown between 60 °C and 80 °C. Thus, for 125 µm, the capacitance was studied applying 600 MHz. Sensitivity at 38 µm at 868 MHz (0.045 pF/°C) was lower than 125 µm at 600 MHz (0.14 pF/°C), influencing the results in the simulation (temperature range versus time) of meat cooking; at 125 µm, the sensitivity was greater, mainly during chilling steps. The potential of gelatin as a temperature sensor was demonstrated, and a balance between thickness and frequency should be considered to increase the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Teixeira Silva
- Joint Research Unit Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies, UMR 1208 INRA/SupAgroM/UMII/CIRAD, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Brice Sorli
- Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes, UMR CNRS 5214, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Veronica Calado
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carole Guillaume
- Joint Research Unit Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies, UMR 1208 INRA/SupAgroM/UMII/CIRAD, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Nathalie Gontard
- Joint Research Unit Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies, UMR 1208 INRA/SupAgroM/UMII/CIRAD, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
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Vilanova C, Iglesias A, Porcar M. The coffee-machine bacteriome: biodiversity and colonisation of the wasted coffee tray leach. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17163. [PMID: 26592442 PMCID: PMC4655483 DOI: 10.1038/srep17163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are ubiquitous in both natural and artificial environments. However, microbial diversity is usually reduced under strong selection pressures, such as those present in habitats rich in recalcitrant or toxic compounds displaying antimicrobial properties. Caffeine is a natural alkaloid present in coffee, tea and soft drinks with well-known antibacterial properties. Here we present the first systematic analysis of coffee machine-associated bacteria. We sampled the coffee waste reservoir of ten different Nespresso machines and conducted a dynamic monitoring of the colonization process in a new machine. Our results reveal the existence of a varied bacterial community in all the machines sampled, and a rapid colonisation process of the coffee leach. The community developed from a pioneering pool of enterobacteria and other opportunistic taxa to a mature but still highly variable microbiome rich in coffee-adapted bacteria. The bacterial communities described here, for the first time, are potential drivers of biotechnologically relevant processes including decaffeination and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vilanova
- Universitat de València (Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias
- Universitat de València (Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Porcar
- Universitat de València (Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), 46020 Valencia, Spain.,Fundació General de la Universitat de València, Spain
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Ebrahimi E, Yazdian F, Amoabediny G, Shariati MR, Janfada B, Saber M. A microbial biosensor for hydrogen sulfide monitoring based on potentiometry. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Mohanty SK, Yu CL, Gopishetty S, Subramanian M. Validation of caffeine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain CBB1 as a suitable enzyme for a rapid caffeine detection and potential diagnostic test. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7939-7946. [PMID: 25019418 DOI: 10.1021/jf501598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Excess consumption of caffeine (>400 mg/day/adult) can lead to adverse health effects. Recent introduction of caffeinated products (gums, jelly beans, energy drinks) might lead to excessive consumption, especially among children and nursing mothers, hence attracting the Food and Drug Administration's attention and product withdrawals. An "in-home" test will aid vigilant consumers in detecting caffeine in beverages and milk easily and quickly, thereby restricting its consumption. Known diagnostic methods lack speed and sensitivity. We report a caffeine dehydrogenase (Cdh)-based test which is highly sensitive (1-5 ppm) and detects caffeine in beverages and mother's milk in 1 min. Other components in these complex test samples do not interfere with the detection. Caffeine-dependent reduction of the dye iodonitrotetrazolium chloride results in shades of pink proportional to the levels in test samples. This test also estimates caffeine levels in pharmaceuticals, comparable to high-performance liquid chromatography. The Cdh-based test is the first with the desired attributes of a rapid and robust caffeine diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit K Mohanty
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Bio-mimetic sensors based on molecularly imprinted membranes. SENSORS 2014; 14:13863-912. [PMID: 25196110 PMCID: PMC4179059 DOI: 10.3390/s140813863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An important challenge for scientific research is the production of artificial systems able to mimic the recognition mechanisms occurring at the molecular level in living systems. A valid contribution in this direction resulted from the development of molecular imprinting. By means of this technology, selective molecular recognition sites are introduced in a polymer, thus conferring it bio-mimetic properties. The potential applications of these systems include affinity separations, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, catalysis, etc. Recently, bio-sensing systems using molecularly imprinted membranes, a special form of imprinted polymers, have received the attention of scientists in various fields. In these systems imprinted membranes are used as bio-mimetic recognition elements which are integrated with a transducer component. The direct and rapid determination of an interaction between the recognition element and the target analyte (template) was an encouraging factor for the development of such systems as alternatives to traditional bio-assay methods. Due to their high stability, sensitivity and specificity, bio-mimetic sensors-based membranes are used for environmental, food, and clinical uses. This review deals with the development of molecularly imprinted polymers and their different preparation methods. Referring to the last decades, the application of these membranes as bio-mimetic sensor devices will be also reported.
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Thakur MS, Ragavan KV. Biosensors in food processing. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 50:625-41. [PMID: 24425965 PMCID: PMC3671056 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Optical based sensing systems that measure luminescence, fluorescence, reflectance and absorbance, etc., are some of the areas of applications of optical immunosensors. Immunological methods rely on specific binding of an antibody (monoclonal, polyclonal or engineered) to an antigen. Detection of specific microorganisms and microbial toxins requires immobilization of specific antibodies onto a given transducer that can produce signal upon attachment of typical microbe/microbial toxins. Inherent features of immunosensors such as specificity, sensitivity, speed, ease and on-site analysis can be made use for various applications. Safety of food and environment has been a major concern of food technologists and health scientists in recent years. There exists a strong need for rapid and sensitive detection of different components of foods and beverages along with the food borne and water borne pathogens, toxins and pesticide residues with high specificity. Biosensors present attractive, efficient alternative techniques by providing quick and reliable performances. There is a very good potential for application of biosensors for monitoring food quality and safety in food and bioprocessing industries in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Thakur
- Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - K. V. Ragavan
- Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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14
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Development of an l-rhamnose bioluminescent microbial biosensor for analysis of food ingredients. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhu L, del Vecchio G, de Micheli G, Liu Y, Carrara S, Calzà L, Nardini C. Biochips for Regenerative Medicine: Real-time Stem Cell Continuous Monitoring as Inferred by High-Throughput Gene Analysis. BIONANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-011-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Experimental and Computational Studies on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Caffeine at Pseudo Carbon Paste Electrode and Its Voltammetric Determination in Different Real Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Su L, Jia W, Hou C, Lei Y. Microbial biosensors: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:1788-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
Given the increasing demand for practical and low-cost analytical techniques, biosensors have attracted attention for use in the quality analysis of drugs, medicines, and other analytes of interest in the pharmaceutical area. Biosensors allow quantification not only of the active component in pharmaceutical formulations, but also the analysis of degradation products and metabolites in biological fluids. Thus, this article presents a brief review of biosensor use in pharmaceutical analysis, focusing on enzymatic electrochemical sensors.
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Namour P, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Namour P. Sensors for measuring biodegradable and total organic matter in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Akyilmaz E, Turemis M. An inhibition type alkaline phosphatase biosensor for amperometric determination of caffeine. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Recent advances in material science for developing enzyme electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2313-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Odaci D, Kiralp Kayahan S, Timur S, Toppare L. Use of a thiophene-based conducting polymer in microbial biosensing. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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