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Shah NS, Thotathil V, Zaidi SA, Sheikh H, Mohamed M, Qureshi A, Sadasivuni KK. Picomolar or beyond Limit of Detection Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1107. [PMID: 36551073 PMCID: PMC9775238 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as selective synthetic receptors that have a selective binding site for specific analytes/target molecules. MIPs are synthetic analogues to the natural biological antigen-antibody system. Owing to the advantages they exhibit, such as high stability, simple synthetic procedure, and cost-effectiveness, MIPs have been widely used as receptors/sensors for the detection and monitoring of a variety of analytes. Moreover, integrating electrochemical sensors with MIPs offers a promising approach and demonstrates greater potential over traditional MIPs. In this review, we have compiled the methods and techniques for the production of MIP-based electrochemical sensors along with the applications of reported MIP sensors for a variety of analytes. A comprehensive in-depth analysis of recent trends reported on picomolar (pM/10-12 M)) and beyond picomolar concentration LOD (≥pM) achieved using MIPs sensors is reported. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced and put forward future perspectives along with our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Sidiq Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Vandana Thotathil
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Shabi Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hanan Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maimoona Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmadyar Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Jumadilov T, Kondaurov R, Imangazy A. Application of the Remote Interaction Effect and Molecular Imprinting in Sorption of Target Ions of Rare Earth Metals. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020321. [PMID: 35054727 PMCID: PMC8778400 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present work is a comparative study of the effectiveness of the application of intergel systems and molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective sorption and separation of neodymium and scandium ions. The following physico-chemical methods of analysis were used in this study: colorimetry and atomic-emission spectroscopy. The functional polymers of polyacrylic acid (hPAA) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (hP4VP) in the intergel system undergo significant changes in the initial sorption properties. The remote interaction of the polymers in the intergel system hPAA–hP4VP provides mutual activation of these macromolecules, with subsequent transfer into a highly ionized state. The maximum sorption of neodymium and scandium ions is observed at molar ratios of 83%hPAA:17%hP4VP and 50%hPAA:50%hP4VP. Molecularly imprinted polymers MIP(Nd) and MIP(Sc) show good results in the sorption of Nd and Sc ions. Based on both these types of these macromolecular structures, principally new sorption methods have been developed. The method based on the application of the intergel system is cheaper and easier in application, but there is some accompanying sorption (about 10%) of another metal from the model solution during selective sorption and separation. Another method, based on the application of molecularly imprinted polymers, is more expensive and the sorption properties are higher, with the simultaneous sorption of the accompanying metal from the model solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talkybek Jumadilov
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Physicochemistry of Polymers, JSC “Institute of Chemical Sciences after A.B. Bekturov”, Sh. Valikhanov St. 106, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (T.J.); (A.I.)
| | - Ruslan Kondaurov
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Physicochemistry of Polymers, JSC “Institute of Chemical Sciences after A.B. Bekturov”, Sh. Valikhanov St. 106, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (T.J.); (A.I.)
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
| | - Aldan Imangazy
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Physicochemistry of Polymers, JSC “Institute of Chemical Sciences after A.B. Bekturov”, Sh. Valikhanov St. 106, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan; (T.J.); (A.I.)
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Hepokur C, Öztop HN, Saraydin D. Preparation and Characterization of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for the Selective Recognition of Serotonin. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht14.02.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The Selectivity of Polymers Imprinted with Amines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061298. [PMID: 29843471 PMCID: PMC6100134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main reasons for making molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) has been that MIPs interact selectively with a specific target compound. This claim is investigated here with the example of a widely used type of noncovalent MIP, the MIP for the beta blocker propranolol. Adsorption isotherms of this MIP and of a nonimprinted control polymer (NIP), respectively, have been measured with a series of compounds in the porogen solvent acetonitrile. The results, visualized as “selectivity ladders”, show that the MIP binds propranolol and many other amines better than the NIP does, but the selectivity of the MIP is actually inferior to that of the NIP. The selectivity of either polymer for propranolol is modest against many amines, but is remarkable with respect to other compounds. The contribution of imprinting towards selectivity can be better appreciated when three MIPs, made with different amine templates, are compared among themselves. Each MIP is seen to bind its own template slightly better than the other two MIPs do. In media different from the porogen, the selectivity patterns may change substantially. Propranolol seems to have properties that make it stand high on the selectivity scale in different solvents, albeit for different reasons.
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Isotherm charts for material selection and method development with molecularly imprinted polymers and other sorbents. Talanta 2017; 162:167-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Characterization of the Binding Properties of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 150:51-93. [PMID: 25796622 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The defining characteristic of the binding sites of any particular molecularly imprinted material is heterogeneity: that is, they are not all identical. Nonetheless, it is useful to study their fundamental binding properties, and to obtain average properties. In particular, it has been instructive to compare the binding properties of imprinted and non-imprinted materials. This chapter begins by considering the origins of this site heterogeneity. Next, the properties of interest of imprinted binding sites are described in brief: affinity, selectivity, and kinetics. The binding/adsorption isotherm, the graph of concentration of analyte bound to a MIP versus concentration of free analyte at equilibrium, over a range of total concentrations, is described in some detail. Following this, the techniques for studying the imprinted sites are described (batch-binding assays, radioligand binding assays, zonal chromatography, frontal chromatography, calorimetry, and others). Thereafter, the parameters that influence affinity, selectivity and kinetics are discussed (solvent, modifiers of organic solvents, pH of aqueous solvents, temperature). Finally, mathematical attempts to fit the adsorption isotherms for imprinted materials, so as to obtain information about the range of binding affinities characterizing the imprinted sites, are summarized.
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Whitcombe MJ, Kirsch N, Nicholls IA. Molecular imprinting science and technology: a survey of the literature for the years 2004-2011. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:297-401. [PMID: 24700625 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a survey of the literature covering the development of molecular imprinting science and technology over the years 2004-2011. In total, 3779 references to the original papers, reviews, edited volumes and monographs from this period are included, along with recently identified uncited materials from prior to 2004, which were omitted in the first instalment of this series covering the years 1930-2003. In the presentation of the assembled references, a section presenting reviews and monographs covering the area is followed by sections describing fundamental aspects of molecular imprinting including the development of novel polymer formats. Thereafter, literature describing efforts to apply these polymeric materials to a range of application areas is presented. Current trends and areas of rapid development are discussed.
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Iturralde I, Paulis M, Leiza J. The effect of the crosslinking agent on the performance of propranolol imprinted polymers. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Renkecz T, Mistlberger G, Pawlak M, Horváth V, Bakker E. Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres containing photoswitchable spiropyran-based binding sites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8537-8545. [PMID: 23961698 PMCID: PMC3772862 DOI: 10.1021/am401958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A versatile approach for the preparation of photoswitchable molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is proposed where the selective recognition and the photoresponsive function are assumed by two different monomers. As a proof of concept, MIP microspheres were synthesized by precipitation polymerization for recognizing terbutylazine, a triazine-type herbicide. Formation of the selective binding sites was based upon H-bonding interactions between the template and the functional monomer methacrylic acid, whereas a polymerizable spiropyran unit was incorporated into the polymer matrix to provide light-controllable characteristics. A trifunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, was used as a cross-linker. The imprinted particles exhibited considerable morphological differences compared to their nonimprinted counterparts as observed by scanning electron microscopy. The imprinting effect was confirmed by equilibrium rebinding studies. The photoresponsiveness of the polymer particles was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and further characterized by spectroscopy. The template binding behavior could be regulated by alternating UV and visible light illumination when analyte release and uptake was observed, respectively. Binding isotherms fitted by the Freundlich model revealed the photomodulation of the number of binding sites and their average affinity. This facile synthetic approach may give an attractive starting point to endow currently existing highly selective MIPs with photoswitchable properties, thereby extending the scope of spiropyran-based photoresponsive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Renkecz
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Günter Mistlberger
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Pawlak
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viola Horváth
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical
Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences−Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért
tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai E.-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Castell OK, Barrow DA, Kamarudin AR, Allender CJ. Current practices for describing the performance of molecularly imprinted polymers can be misleading and may be hampering the development of the field. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:1115-22. [PMID: 22038818 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A contributing factor to the labored advance of molecularly imprinting as a viable commercial solution to molecular recognition needs is the absence of a standard and robust method for assessing and reporting on molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) performance. The diversity and at times inappropriateness of MIP performance indicators means that the usefulness of the literature back-catalogue, for predicting, elucidating or understanding patterns in MIP efficacy, remains largely inaccessible. We hereby put forward the case that the simple binding isotherm is the most versatile and useful method of assessing and reporting MIP function, allowing direct comparison between polymers prepared and evaluated in different studies. In this study we describe how to correctly plot and interpret a bound / free isotherm and show how such plots can be readily used to predict outcomes, retro-analyze data and optimize experimental design. We propose that by adopting the use of correctly constructed isotherms as the primary form of data representation researchers will enable inter-laboratory comparisons, promote good experimental design and encourage a greater collective understanding of molecular imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver K Castell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, OX1 3TA
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Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers on silica particles for selective solid-phase extraction of tetrabromobisphenol A from water samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1220:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ng SM, Narayanaswamy R. Molecularly imprinted polymers as optical sensing receptors: Correlation between analytical signals and binding isotherms. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:226-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Cui Y, Wu Z, Zheng R, Liu L. Molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by precipitation polymerization and used for inducing crystallization of oleanolic acid in supercritical CO2. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Renkecz T, Ceolin G, Horváth V. Selective solid phase extraction of propranolol on multiwell membrane filter plates modified with molecularly imprinted polymer. Analyst 2011; 136:2175-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E. Raynie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
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Song W, Chen Y, Xu J, Yang XR, Tian DB. Dopamine sensor based on molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized polymers. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kueseng P, Noir ML, Mattiasson B, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P. Molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of trace atrazine herbicide in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2009; 44:772-780. [PMID: 20183089 DOI: 10.1080/03601230903238319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for atrazine was synthesized by non-covalent method. The binding capacity of MIP was 1.00 mg g(-1) polymer. The selectivity and recovery were investigated with various pesticides which are mostly, found in the environment, for both similar and different chemical structure of atrazine. The competitive recognition between atrazine and structurally similar compounds was evaluated and it was found that the system provided highest recovery and selectivity for atrazine while low recovery and selectivity were obtained for the other compounds. The highest recovery was obtained from MIP compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP), a commercial C(18) and a granular activated carbon (GAC) sorbent. The method provided high recoveries ranged from 94 to 99% at two spiked levels with relative standard deviations less than 2%. The lower detection limit of the method was 80 ng L(-1). This method was successfully applied for analysis of environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamornrat Kueseng
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Dey RK, Jha U, Patnaik T, Singh AC, Singh VK. Removal of Toxic/Heavy Metal Ions Using Ion-Imprinted Aminofunctionalized Silica Gel. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390902880115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kloskowski A, Pilarczyk M, Przyjazny A, Namieśnik J. Progress in Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Sorbents for Sample Preparation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340802570223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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