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Pysarevska S, Plotycya S, Dubenska L. Voltammetry of local anesthetics: theoretical and practical aspects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:339-352. [PMID: 32096424 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1729691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Local anesthetics (LAs) are widely used in anesthesiology, ophthalmology, and otolaryngology as well as for treatment of chronic and oncological pain. However, anesthetics can cause adverse effects up to lethal ones. In this work, we cited reviews on chromatographic and spectroscopic methods of local anesthetics determination published earlier, and the main purpose was to review the possibilities and advantages of voltammetric methods used for the LAs determination. The electrochemical behavior, mechanism of LAs transformation on the various working electrodes and analytical parameters of voltammetric methods used for their determination were reviewed in the work. Vast majority of these methods were developed for the most widely used anesthetics in medicine like benzocaine, lidocaine and procaine. Special attention was paid to possible mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation and in some cases reduction of LAs or their derivatives. Voltammetry is used for the determination of LAs in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids. The analytical characteristics in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility also were discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiya Pysarevska
- Life Safety Department, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy Plotycya
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine.,State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Dubenska
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
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Adamova EM, Ivanov VM. Methods for the determination of local anesthetic agents. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rahbar N, Ramezani Z, Ghanavati J. CuO-nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode for square wave voltammetric determination of lidocaine: Comparing classical and Box–Behnken optimization methodologies. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bebawy LI, Elghobashy MR, Abbas SS, Shokry RF. Chromatographic Determination of Aminoacridine Hydrochloride, Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Lidocaine Toxic Impurity in Oral Gel. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:492-9. [PMID: 26671412 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Two sensitive and selective analytical methods were developed for simultaneous determination of aminoacridine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride in bulk powder and pharmaceutical formulation. Method A was based on HPLC separation of the cited drugs with determination of the toxic lidocaine-related impurity 2,6-dimethylaniline. The separation was achieved using reversed-phase column C18, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size and mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (pH 6.0 ± 0.2 adjusted with phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (55 : 45, v/v). Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 240 nm. Linear calibration curve was in the range of 1.00-10.00, 13.20-132.00 and 1.32-13.20 µg mL(-1) for aminoacridine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride and 2,6-dimethylaniline, respectively. Method B was based on TLC separation of the cited drugs followed by densitometric measurement at 365 nm on the fluorescent mode for aminoacridine hydrochloride and 220 nm on the absorption mode for lidocaine hydrochloride. The separation was carried out using ethyl acetate-methanol-acetic acid (65 : 30 : 5 by volume) as a developing system. The calibration curve was in the range of 25.00-250.00 ng spot(-1) and 0.99-9.90 µg spot(-1) for aminoacridine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride, respectively. The results obtained were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by applying the manufacturer's method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lories I Bebawy
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa st. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rafeek F Shokry
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa st. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Rahbar N, Ramezani Z, Babapour A. Electro-Oxidation Mechanism and Direct Square-Wave Voltammetric Determination of Lidocaine With a Carbon-Paste Electrode. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015; 10:e19382. [PMID: 25866720 PMCID: PMC4379891 DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-19382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Sensitive determination of herbicide trifluralin on the surface of copper nanowire electrochemical sensor. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Dinarvand R, Eshraghi MH, Zamani HA. New adsorptive square wave method for trace determination of prilocain in the flow injection system by a fast fourier analysis. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193510090053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Qomi M, Nemati Kharat A, Zamani HA. Monitoring of Anti Cancer Drug Letrozole by Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry at Gold Microelectrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Daneshgar P, Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Dinarvand R, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Determination of diclofenac on a dysprosium nanowire- modified carbon paste electrode accomplished in a flow injection system by advanced filtering. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:7903-18. [PMID: 22408485 PMCID: PMC3292088 DOI: 10.3390/s91007903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 07/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new detection technique called Fast Fourier Transform Square-Wave Voltammetry (FFT SWV) is based on measurements of electrode admittance as a function of potential. The response of the detector (microelectrode), which is generated by a redox processes, is fast, which makes the method suitable for most applications involving flowing electrolytes. The carbon paste electrode was modified by nanostructures to improve sensitivity. Synthesized dysprosium nanowires provide a more effective nanotube-like surface [1-4] so they are good candidates for use as a modifier for electrochemical reactions. The redox properties of diclofenac were used for its determination in human serum and urine samples. The support electrolyte that provided a more defined and intense peak current for diclofenac determination was a 0.05 mol L(-1) acetate buffer pH = 4.0. The drug presented an irreversible oxidation peak at 850 mV vs. Ag/AgCl on a modified nanowire carbon paste electrode which produced high current and reduced the oxidation potential by about 100 mV. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly increased by application of a discrete Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, background subtraction and two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window. To obtain the much sensivity the effective parameters such as frequency, amplitude and pH was optimized. As a result, C(DL) of 2.0 × 10(-9) M and an LOQ of 5.0 × 10(-9) M were found for the determination for diclofenac. A good recovery was obtained for assay spiked urine samples and a good quantification of diclofenac was achieved in a commercial formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parandis Daneshgar
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; E-Mails: (P.D.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; E-Mails: (P.D.); (M.R.G.)
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; E-Mails: (P.D.); (M.R.G.)
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Dinarvand
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tehran Medicinal Sciences, Tehran, Iran; E-Mail: (R.D.)
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Norouzi P, Daneshgar P, Ganjali M. Electrochemical evaluation of non-electroactive drug erythromycin in trace amount at biological samples by continuous cyclic voltammetry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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NOROUZI P, GANJALI MR, SHAHTAHERI SJ, DINARVAND R, HAMZEHPOOR A. Monitoring of Methyldopa by Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry at Gold Microelectrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Daneshgar P, Norouzi P, Ganjali MR. Application of a continuous square-wave potential program for sub nano molar determination of ketotifen. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:117-21. [PMID: 19182398 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of the ketotifen by continuous square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry on a ultra-gold microelectrode (Au UME) in aqueous solution with phosphate buffer as supporting electrolyte. The best adsorption conditions were found to be pH 2.3, an accumulation potential of 300 mV (Au vs. Ag: AgCl-KCl 3 M) and an accumulation time of 400 ms. Variation of admittance in the detection process is created by inhibition of oxidation reaction of the electrode surface, by adsorption of ketotifen. Furthermore, signal-to-noise ratio was significantly increased by application of discrete fast Fourier transform (FFT) method, background subtraction and two-dimensional integration of the electrode response over a selected potential range and time window. Also in this work some parameters such as square-wave frequency, eluent pH, and accumulation time were optimized. Effects of square-wave frequency, step potential and pulse amplitude were examined for the optimization of instrumental conditions. The calibration curve is linear in the range 2.0x10(-7)---5.0x10(-12) M with a detection limit of 2.0x10(-12) M (ca. 0.7 pg/ml). The method maybe applied direct determination of the drug in pharmaceutical and biological samples. For a concentration of 5.0x10(-8) M a recovery value of 99.89% is obtained.
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Daneshgar P, Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Ordikhani-Seyedlar A, Eshraghi H. A dysprosium nanowire modified carbon paste electrode for determination of levodopa using fast Fourier transformation square-wave voltammetry method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 68:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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NOROUZI P, DINARVAND R, GANJALI MR, MOOSAVI-MOVAHEDI A, SABOURY A, TAMADDON A. Application of Adsorptive Voltammetry for the Detection of Sub-nano Molar Cyclizine in Biological Fluids and Tablets Using Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry in a Flowing System. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:505-10. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parviz NOROUZI
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tehran
| | - Rassoul DINARVAND
- Medical Nanotechnologycal Research Center, University of Tehran/Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammad Reza GANJALI
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tehran
| | | | | | - Atefeh TAMADDON
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Unit, Islamic Azad University
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Ganjali M, Norouzi P, Dinarvand R, Farrokhi R, Moosavi-movahedi A. Development of fast Fourier transformations with continuous cyclic voltammetry at an Au microelectrode and its application for the sub nano-molar monitoring of methyl morphine trace amounts. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Mirabi-Semnakolaii A, Larijani B. Nonelectroactive recognition: Monitoring of perphenazine by its subsecond adsorption on an Au microelectrode by the fast fourier transform continuous cyclic voltammetric technique (FFTCCV). RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s102319350809005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Emami Meibodi AS, Larijani B. Sotalol nanolevel detection at an Au microelectrode in flowing solutions. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193508090061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Meibodi AE. A Novel Adsorptive Square Wave Voltammetric Method for Pico Molar Monitoring of Lorazepam at Gold Ultra Microelectrode in a Flow Injection System by Application of Fast Fourier Transform Analysis. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802052601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Norouzi P, Larijani B, Ezoddin M, Ganjali M. Sub-second adsorption for the fast sub-nanomolar monitoring of Clindamycin in its pure and pharmaceutical samples by fast Fourier transformation with the use of continuous cyclic voltammetry at an Au microelectrode in a flowing system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Norouzi P, Dinarvand R, Reza Ganjali M, Sadat Emami Meibodi A. Application of Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry for the Nano‐Level Detection of Tramadol in Biological Fluids and Tablets Using Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry at an Au Microelectrode in a Flowing System. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701566875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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