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Aggarwal S, Ikram S. A comprehensive review on bio-mimicked multimolecular frameworks and supramolecules as scaffolds for enzyme immobilization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:352-398. [PMID: 36349456 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization depicts a propitious route to optimize the catalytic performances, efficient recovery, minimizing autocatalysis, and also augment the stabilities of enzymes, particularly in unnatural environments. In this opinion, supramolecules and multimolecular frameworks have captivated immense attention to achieve profound controllable interactions between enzyme molecules and well-defined natural or synthetic architectures to yield protein bioconjugates with high accessibility for substrate binding and enhanced enantioselectivities. This scholastic review emphasizes the possibilities of associating multimolecular complexes with biological entities via several types of interactions, namely covalent interactions, host-guest complexation, π - π ${\rm{\pi }}-{\rm{\pi }}$ interactions, intra/inter hydrogen bondings, electrostatic interactions, and so forth offers remarkable applications for the modulations of enzymes. The potential synergies between artificial supramolecular structures and biological systems are the primary concern of this pedagogical review. The majority of the research primarily focused on the dynamic biomolecule-responsive supramolecular assemblages and multimolecular architectures as ideal platforms for the recognition and modulation of proteins and cells. Embracing sustainable green demeanors of enzyme immobilizations in a quest to reinforce site-selectivity, catalytic efficiency, and structural integrality of enzymes are the contemporary requirements of the biotechnological sectors that instigate the development of novel biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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2
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Surfactants for Electrophoretic Deposition of Polyvinylidene Fluoride–Silica Composites. SURFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces5020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This investigation is motivated by the numerous advantages of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for the fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and composite coatings and the various applications of such coatings. It is demonstrated that gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CFA), cholic acid (CA) and 2,3,4 trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) can be used as charging and dispersing agents for the EPD of PVDF. The deposition yield of PVDF increases in the following order: THB < CFA < CA < GA. Test results indicate that the chemical structure of the dispersants exerts influence on the deposition efficiency. Potentiodynamic and impedance spectroscopy studies show the corrosion protection properties of PVDF coatings. GA is used for the co-EPD of PVDF with nanosilica and micron-size silica. The silica content in the composite coatings is varied by the variation of silica content in the suspensions. The ability to use GA as a charging and dispersing agent for the co-EPD of materials of different types paves the way for the fabrication of advanced organic–inorganic composites using EPD.
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Hoseinpour Kouhestany R, Tamaddon A, Ahmad Panahi H, Afshar Ebrahimi A, Amiri R. Electrophoretic deposition of polyaniline nanofibers on a stainless steel wire as an adsorbent for determination of tamoxifen by SPME/GC-FID in urine samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5284. [PMID: 34837241 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyaniline nanofiber films were fabricated on the surface of stainless steel wire via a controllable and simple electrophoretic deposition route from a nonaqueous colloidal suspension consisting of polyaniline nanofibers. The prepared coating material was then characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and elemental mapping analysis. The fabricated polyaniline film-coated stainless steel wire was then utilized as an effective and novel sorbent phase for solid-phase microextraction of tamoxifen for subsequent gas chromatography/flame ionization detection of this anticancer drug. Parameters consisting of the temperature, extraction time, salt concentration, agitation speed, pH, temperature and time of desorption were studied and optimized using a one-at-a-time strategy. Under the optimum conditions, detection limit (S/N = 3), the limit of quantification (10/3 limit of detection), linear dynamic range, repeatability and reproducibility values of 0.51 μg L-1 , 1.7 μg L-1 , 2-1,130 μg L-1 , 5.7% and 8.6% were attained, respectively. The prepared fiber can preserve 90% of its efficacy after 20 consecutive cycles, demonstrating the suitable thermal stability and cyclability of the proposed solid-phase microextraction coating material for the determination of tamoxifen by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. The route was effectively utilized to determine tamoxifen in urine samples, with relative recoveries ranging from 89 to 106%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefeh Tamaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoon Ahmad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rahebeh Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Kazemi F, Naghib SM, Zare Y, Rhee KY. Biosensing Applications of Polyaniline (PANI)-Based Nanocomposites: A Review. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1858871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazemi
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Sikkema R, Baker K, Zhitomirsky I. Electrophoretic deposition of polymers and proteins for biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102272. [PMID: 32987293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on new electrophoretic deposition (EPD) mechanisms for deposition biomacromolecules, such as biopolymers, proteins and enzymes. Among the rich literature sources of EPD of biopolymers, proteins and enzymes for biomedical applications we selected papers describing new fundamental deposition mechanisms. Such deposition mechanisms are of critical importance for further development of EPD method and its emerging biomedical applications. Our goal is to emphasize innovative ideas which have enriched colloid and interface science of EPD during recent years. We describe various mechanisms of cathodic and anodic EPD of charged biopolymers. Special attention is focused on in-situ chemical modification of biopolymers and crosslinking techniques. Recent innovations in the development of natural and biocompatible charged surfactants and film forming agents are outlined. Among the important advances in this area are the applications of bile acids and salts for EPD of neutral polymers. Such innovations allowed for the successful EPD of various electrically neutral functional polymers for biomedical applications. Particularly important are biosurfactant-polymer interactions, which facilitate dissolution, dispersion, charging, electrophoretic transport and deposit formation. Recent advances in EPD mechanisms addressed the problem of EPD of proteins and enzymes related to their charge reversal at the electrode surface. Conceptually new methods are described, which are based on the use of biopolymer complexes with metal ions, proteins, enzymes and other biomolecules. This review describes new developments in co-deposition of biomacromolecules and future trends in the development of new EPD mechanisms and strategies for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sikkema
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kayla Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Zhitomirsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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6
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Erol E, Yildirim E, Cete S. Construction of biosensor for hypoxanthine determination by immobilization of xanthine oxidase and uricase in polypyrrole-paratoluenesulfonate film. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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7
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El-Said WA, Abdelshakour M, Choi JH, Choi JW. Application of Conducting Polymer Nanostructures to Electrochemical Biosensors. Molecules 2020; 25:E307. [PMID: 31940924 PMCID: PMC7024285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, nanostructured conducting polymers have received great attention in several application fields, including biosensors, microelectronics, polymer batteries, actuators, energy conversion, and biological applications due to their excellent conductivity, stability, and ease of preparation. In the bioengineering application field, the conducting polymers were reported as excellent matrixes for the functionalization of various biological molecules and thus enhanced their performances as biosensors. In addition, combinations of metals or metal oxides nanostructures with conducting polymers result in enhancing the stability and sensitivity as the biosensing platform. Therefore, several methods have been reported for developing homogeneous metal/metal oxide nanostructures thin layer on the conducting polymer surfaces. This review will introduce the fabrications of different conducting polymers nanostructures and their composites with different shapes. We will exhibit the different techniques that can be used to develop conducting polymers nanostructures and to investigate their chemical, physical and topographical effects. Among the various biosensors, we will focus on conducting polymer-integrated electrochemical biosensors for monitoring important biological targets such as DNA, proteins, peptides, and other biological biomarkers, in addition to their applications as cell-based chips. Furthermore, the fabrication and applications of the molecularly imprinted polymer-based biosensors will be addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A. El-Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; (W.A.E.-S.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Abdelshakour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; (W.A.E.-S.); (M.A.)
| | - Jin-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea;
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8
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Alagappan M, Immanuel S, Sivasubramanian R, Kandaswamy A. Development of cholesterol biosensor using Au nanoparticles decorated f-MWCNT covered with polypyrrole network. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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9
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Antony N, Unnikrishnan L, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. The imperative role of polymers in enzymatic cholesterol biosensors- an overview. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1576197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Antony
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lakshmi Unnikrishnan
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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10
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Detection of Phosphatidylcholine Content in Crude Oil with Bio-Enzyme Screen-Printed Electrode. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Extracellular cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces aegyptia, in vitro anticancer activities against rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer cell-lines and in vivo apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2706. [PMID: 29426900 PMCID: PMC5807524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microbial cholesterol oxidases have gained great attention due to its widespread use in medical applications for serum cholesterol determination. Streptomyces aegyptia strain NEAE-102 exhibited high level of extracellular cholesterol oxidase production using a minimum medium containing cholesterol as the sole source of carbon. Fifteen variables were screened using Plackett–Burman design for the enhanced cholesterol oxidase production. The most significant variables affecting enzyme production were further optimized by using the face-centered central composite design. The statistical optimization resulted in an overall 4.97-fold increase (15.631 UmL−1) in cholesterol oxidase production in the optimized medium as compared with the unoptimized medium before applying Plackett Burman design (3.1 UmL−1). The purified cholesterol oxidase was evaluated for its in vitro anticancer activities against five human cancer cell lines. The selectivity index values on rhabdomyosarcoma and breast cancer cell lines were 3.26 and 2.56; respectively. The in vivo anticancer activity of cholesterol oxidase was evaluated against Ehrlich solid tumor model. Compared with control mice, tumors growth was significantly inhibited in the mice injected with cholesterol oxidase alone, doxorubicin alone and cholesterol oxidase/doxorubicin combination by 60.97%, 72.99% and 97.04%; respectively. These results demonstrated that cholesterol oxidase can be used as a promising natural anticancer drug.
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12
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A Highly Sensitive Ascorbic Acid Sensor Based on Hierarchical Polyaniline Coated Halloysite Nanotubes Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Suspension Stability of Nano-Au and Nano-Ag Colloids Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method. J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Lakshmi GBVS, Sharma A, Solanki PR, Avasthi DK. Mesoporous polyaniline nanofiber decorated graphene micro-flowers for enzyme-less cholesterol biosensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:345101. [PMID: 27419910 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/34/345101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have studied a nanocomposite of polyaniline nanofiber-graphene microflowers (PANInf-GMF), prepared by an in situ rapid mixing polymerization method. The structural and morphological studies of the nanocomposite (PANInf-GMF) were carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The mesoporous, nanofibrous and microflower structures were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The functional groups and synergetic effects were observed by FTIR and micro-Raman measurements. The water wettability was carried out by a contact angle measurement technique and found to be super hydrophilic in nature towards water. This nanocomposite was deposited onto indium-tin-oxide coated glass substrate by a drop casting method and used for the detection of cholesterol using an electrochemical technique. The differential pulse voltammetry studies show the appreciable increase in the current with the addition of 1.93 to 464.04 mg dl(-1) cholesterol concentration. It is also found that the electrodes were highly selective towards cholesterol when compared to other biological interfering analytes, such as glucose, urea, citric acid, cysteine and ascorbic acid. The sensitivity of the sensor is estimated as 0.101 μA mg(-1) dl cm(-2) and the lower detection limit as 1.93 mg dl(-1). This work will throw light on the preparation of non-enzymatic biosensors based on PANInf-carbon nanostructure composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B V S Lakshmi
- Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India
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15
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An On-Column Enzyme Mediated Fluorescence-Amplification Method for Plasma Total Cholesterol Measurement by Capillary Electrophoresis with LIF Detection. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Cipolatti EP, Valério A, Henriques RO, Moritz DE, Ninow JL, Freire DMG, Manoel EA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, de Oliveira D. Nanomaterials for biocatalyst immobilization – state of the art and future trends. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advantages, drawbacks and trends in nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane P. Cipolatti
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
- Biochemistry Department
| | - Alexsandra Valério
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Rosana O. Henriques
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Denise E. Moritz
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Jorge L. Ninow
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Denise M. G. Freire
- Biochemistry Department
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- 21949-909 Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Evelin A. Manoel
- Biochemistry Department
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- 21949-909 Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | | | - Débora de Oliveira
- Chemical and Food Engineering Department
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
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17
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Saxena U, Das A. Nanomaterials towards fabrication of cholesterol biosensors: Key roles and design approaches. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 75:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Xu Z, Cheng X, Tan J, Gan X. Fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotube-polyaniline/platinum nanocomposite films toward improved performance for a cholesterol amperometric biosensor. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:757-764. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZeHong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yibin University; Yibin Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoDan Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yibin University; Yibin Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - JianHong Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yibin University; Yibin Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxue Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yibin University; Yibin Sichuan People's Republic of China
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One-step electrochemical detection of cholesterol in the presence of suitable K₃Fe(CN)₆/phosphate buffer mediator by an electrochemical approach. Talanta 2015; 140:96-101. [PMID: 26048829 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One-step approach of cholesterol biosensor was fabricated onto smart micro-chips based on cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) co-immobilized thioglycolic acid self-assembled monolayer (TGA-SAM) for biomedical applications. The selective cholesterol biosensor was investigated with modified tiny micro-chip (Au/SAM/ChOx) by the facile and reliable cyclic voltammetric (CV) method in a K3Fe(CN)6/phosphate buffer (PB) system. The modified micro-chip displayed a large dynamic range (1.0 nmol L(-1) to 1.0 mmol L(-1)), lower detection limit (~0.49 nmol L(-1), based on S/N~3), higher sensitivity (~93.75 µA µmol L(-2) cm(-2)), good linearity (correlation coefficient r(2), 0.9995), lower sample volume (<50.0 μL), and good stability as well as reproducibility. The Au/TGA system was implemented for a facile and simple approach to the immobilization of ChOx onto micro-chip, which can offer analytical access to a large group of enzymes for a wide range of bio-molecule applications in health-care and biomedical fields. This integrated microchip provides a promising low-cost platform for the sensitive and rapid detection of biomolecules using miniatured samples.
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Homma T, Kondo M, Kuwahara T, Shimomura M. Polyaniline/poly(acrylic acid) composite film: A promising material for enzyme-aided electrochemical sensors. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Gokoglan TC, Soylemez S, Kesik M, Unay H, Sayin S, Yildiz HB, Cirpan A, Toppare L. A novel architecture based on a conducting polymer and calixarene derivative: its synthesis and biosensor construction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An amperometric biosensor based on a selenium comprising conducting polymer and newly synthesized calixarene derivative with gold nanoparticles was constructed for the detection of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saniye Soylemez
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Melis Kesik
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Hande Unay
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Serkan Sayin
- Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- KTO Karatay University
- Konya 42020
- Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bekir Yildiz
- Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- KTO Karatay University
- Konya 42020
- Turkey
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
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Styrene Sulphonic Acid Doped Polyaniline Based Immunosensor for Highly Sensitive Impedimetric Sensing of Atrazine. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Rahman MM. Reusable and mediator-free cholesterol biosensor based on cholesterol oxidase immobilized onto TGA-SAM modified smart bio-chips. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100327. [PMID: 24949733 PMCID: PMC4065056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A reusable and mediator-free cholesterol biosensor based on cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was fabricated based on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thioglycolic acid (TGA) (covalent enzyme immobilization by dropping method) using bio-chips. Cholesterol was detected with modified bio-chip (Gold/Thioglycolic-acid/Cholesterol-oxidase i.e., Au/TGA/ChOx) by reliable cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique at room conditions. The Au/TGA/ChOx modified bio-chip sensor demonstrates good linearity (1.0 nM to 1.0 mM; R = 0.9935), low-detection limit (∼0.42 nM, SNR∼3), and higher sensitivity (∼74.3 µAµM−1cm−2), lowest-small sample volume (50.0 μL), good stability, and reproducibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first statement with a very high sensitivity, low-detection limit, and low-sample volumes are required for cholesterol biosensor using Au/TGA/ChOx-chips assembly. The result of this facile approach was investigated for the biomedical applications for real samples at room conditions with significant assembly (Au/TGA/ChOx) towards the development of selected cholesterol biosensors, which can offer analytical access to a large group of enzymes for wide range of biomedical applications in health-care fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department & Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensors for cholesterol detection based on mesoporous magnetic core–shell microspheres. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1835-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Novel paper-based cholesterol biosensor using graphene/polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyaniline nanocomposite. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 52:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Singh J, Roychoudhury A, Srivastava M, Solanki PR, Lee DW, Lee SH, Malhotra BD. A dual enzyme functionalized nanostructured thulium oxide based interface for biomedical application. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1195-1208. [PMID: 24301799 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present results of the studies related to fabrication of a rare earth metal oxide based efficient biosensor using an interface based on hydrothermally prepared nanostructured thulium oxide (n-Tm2O3). A colloidal solution of prepared nanorods has been electrophoretically deposited (EPD) onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The n-Tm2O3 nanorods are found to provide improved sensing characteristics to the electrode interface in terms of electroactive surface area, diffusion coefficient, charge transfer rate constant and electron transfer kinetics. The structural and morphological studies of n-Tm2O3 nanorods have been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. This interfacial platform has been used for fabrication of a total cholesterol biosensor by immobilizing cholesterol esterase (ChEt) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) onto a Tm2O3 nanostructured surface. The results of response studies of the fabricated ChEt-ChOx/n-Tm2O3/ITO bioelectrode show a broad linear range of 8-400 mg dL(-1), detection limit of 19.78 mg (dL cm(-2))(-1), and high sensitivity of 0.9245 μA (mg per dL cm(-2))(-1) with a response time of 40 s. Further, this bioelectrode has been utilized for estimation of total cholesterol with negligible interference (3%) from analytes present in human serum samples. The utilization of this n-Tm2O3 modified electrode for enzyme-based biosensor analysis offers an efficient strategy and a novel interface for application of the rare earth metal oxide materials in the field of electrochemical sensors and bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Singh
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Korea.
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27
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Soylemez S, Ekiz Kanik F, Ileri M, Hacioglu SO, Toppare L. Development of a novel biosensor based on a conducting polymer. Talanta 2014; 118:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Alvi NUH, Gómez VJ, Rodriguez PES, Kumar P, Zaman S, Willander M, Nötzel R. An InN/InGaN quantum dot electrochemical biosensor for clinical diagnosis. SENSORS 2013; 13:13917-27. [PMID: 24132228 PMCID: PMC3859099 DOI: 10.3390/s131013917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional InN/InGaN quantum dots (QDs) are demonstrated for realizing highly sensitive and efficient potentiometric biosensors owing to their unique electronic properties. The InN QDs are biochemically functionalized. The fabricated biosensor exhibits high sensitivity of 97 mV/decade with fast output response within two seconds for the detection of cholesterol in the logarithmic concentration range of 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−3 M. The selectivity and reusability of the biosensor are excellent and it shows negligible response to common interferents such as uric acid and ascorbic acid. We also compare the biosensing properties of the InN QDs with those of an InN thin film having the same surface properties, i.e., high density of surface donor states, but different morphology and electronic properties. The sensitivity of the InN QDs-based biosensor is twice that of the InN thin film-based biosensor, the EMF is three times larger, and the response time is five times shorter. A bare InGaN layer does not produce a stable response. Hence, the superior biosensing properties of the InN QDs are governed by their unique surface properties together with the zero-dimensional electronic properties. Altogether, the InN QDs-based biosensor reveals great potential for clinical diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed ul Hassan Alvi
- ISOM Institute for Systems based on Optoelectronics and Microtechnology, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; E-Mails: (V.J.G.); (P.E.D.S.R.); (P.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.H.A.); (R.N.); Tel.: +34-91549-57-00 (ext. 8065)
| | - Victor J. Gómez
- ISOM Institute for Systems based on Optoelectronics and Microtechnology, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; E-Mails: (V.J.G.); (P.E.D.S.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul E.D. Soto Rodriguez
- ISOM Institute for Systems based on Optoelectronics and Microtechnology, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; E-Mails: (V.J.G.); (P.E.D.S.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Praveen Kumar
- ISOM Institute for Systems based on Optoelectronics and Microtechnology, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; E-Mails: (V.J.G.); (P.E.D.S.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Saima Zaman
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Magnus Willander
- Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden; E-Mails: (S.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Richard Nötzel
- ISOM Institute for Systems based on Optoelectronics and Microtechnology, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; E-Mails: (V.J.G.); (P.E.D.S.R.); (P.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.H.A.); (R.N.); Tel.: +34-91549-57-00 (ext. 8065)
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Abstract
Electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) are finding applications in various fields of science owing to their fascinating characteristic properties such as binding molecules, tuning their properties, direct communication to produce a range of analytical signals and new analytical applications. Polyaniline (PANI) is one such ECP that has been extensively used and investigated over the last decade for direct electron transfer leading towards fabrication of mediator-less biosensors. In this review article, significant attention has been paid to the various polymerization techniques of polyaniline as a transducer material, and their use in enzymes/biomolecules immobilization methods to study their bio-catalytic properties as a biosensor for potential biomedical applications.
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Jiang F, Yue R, Du Y, Xu J, Yang P. A one-pot ‘green’ synthesis of Pd-decorated PEDOT nanospheres for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 44:127-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Basniwal RK, Chauhan RPS, Parvez S, Jain VK. Development of a Cholesterol Biosensor by Chronoamperometric Deposition of Polyaniline-Ag Nanocomposites. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2012.734351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Pesqueira CLM, del Castillo-Castro T, Castillo-Ortega MM, Encinas JC. Chemochromic properties of neutral polyaniline throughout cholesterol exposure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Poly(thiophene-3-acetic acid)-palladium nanoparticle composite modified electrodes for supersensitive determination of hydrazine. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Immobilization strategies to develop enzymatic biosensors. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:489-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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García JL, Uhía I, Galán B. Catabolism and biotechnological applications of cholesterol degrading bacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2012; 5:679-99. [PMID: 22309478 PMCID: PMC3815891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a steroid commonly found in nature with a great relevance in biology, medicine and chemistry, playing an essential role as a structural component of animal cell membranes. The ubiquity of cholesterol in the environment has made it a reference biomarker for environmental pollution analysis and a common carbon source for different microorganisms, some of them being important pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This work revises the accumulated biochemical and genetic knowledge on the bacterial pathways that degrade or transform this molecule, given that the characterization of cholesterol metabolism would contribute not only to understand its role in tuberculosis but also to develop new biotechnological processes that use this and other related molecules as starting or target materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L García
- Environmental Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Srivastava RK, Srivastava S, Narayanan TN, Mahlotra BD, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM, Srivastava A. Functionalized multilayered graphene platform for urea sensor. ACS NANO 2012; 6:168-75. [PMID: 22117758 DOI: 10.1021/nn203210s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Multilayered graphene (MLG) is an interesting material for electrochemical sensing and biosensing because of its very large 2D electrical conductivity and large surface area. We propose a less toxic, reproducible, and easy method for producing functionalized multilayer graphene from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in mass scale using only concentrated H(2)SO(4)/HNO(3). Electron microscopy results show the MLG formation, whereas FTIR and XPS data suggest its carboxylic and hydroxyl-functionalized nature. We utilize this functionalized MLG for the fabrication of a novel amperometric urea biosensor. This biosensor shows linearity of 10-100 mg dL(-1), sensitivity of 5.43 μA mg(-1) dL cm(-2), lower detection limit of 3.9 mg dL(-1), and response time of 10 s. Our results suggest that MLG is a promising material for electrochemical biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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37
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Prospects of Organic Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes: Enzymosensors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/502707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic conducting polymer modified electrodes (OCPMEs) have emerged as potential candidates for electrochemical biosensors due to their easy preparation methods along with unique properties, like stability in air and being compatible with biological molecules in a neutral aqueous solution. OCPMEs are playing an important role in the improvement of public health and environment for the detection of desired analytes with high sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we highlight the prospects of OCMEs-based electrochemical enzymosensors.
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38
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Dey A, Kaushik A, Arya SK, Bhansali S. Mediator free highly sensitive polyaniline–gold hybrid nanocomposite based immunosensor for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31663c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Das M, Dhand C, Sumana G, Srivastava AK, Nagarajan R, Malhotra BD. Electrophoretically fabricated core-shell CNT-DNA biowires for biosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Dhyani H, Azahar Ali M, Pandey MK, Malhotra BD, Sen P. Electrophoretically deposited CdS quantum dots based electrode for biosensor application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Garate JA, English NJ, Singh A, Ryan KM, Mooney DA, MacElroy JMD. Electrophoretic deposition of poly(3-decylthiophene) onto gold-mounted cadmium selenide nanorods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13506-13513. [PMID: 21936516 DOI: 10.1021/la203227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of poly(3-decylthiophene) (P3DT) molecules onto vertically aligned cadmium selenide arrays have been studied using large-scale, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD), in the absence and presence of static external electric fields. The field application and larger polymer charges accelerated EPD. Placement of multiple polymers at the same lateral displacement from the surface reduced average deposition times due to "crowding", giving monolayer coverage. These findings were used to develop and validate Brownian dynamics simulations of multilayer polymer EPD in scaled-up systems with larger inter-rod spacings, presenting a generalized picture in qualitative agreement with random sequential adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Antonio Garate
- The SFI Strategic Research Cluster in Solar Energy Conversion, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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42
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Arya SK, Dey A, Bhansali S. Polyaniline protected gold nanoparticles based mediator and label free electrochemical cortisol biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Singh K, Solanki PR, Basu T, Malhotra BD. Polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotubes-based biosensor for cholesterol estimation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Singh
- Amity School of Engineering and Technology; Amity University; Noida UP India
| | - Pratima R. Solanki
- Department of Science & Technology Centre on Biomolecular Electronics, Biomedical Instrumentation Section; National Physical Laboratory; Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Tinku Basu
- Amity Institute of Nano Technology; Amity University; Noida 201 303 UP India
| | - B. D. Malhotra
- Department of Science & Technology Centre on Biomolecular Electronics, Biomedical Instrumentation Section; National Physical Laboratory; Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
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44
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Hua MY, Chen CJ, Chen HC, Tsai RY, Cheng W, Cheng CL, Liu YC. Preparation of a porous composite film for the fabrication of a hydrogen peroxide sensor. SENSORS 2011; 11:5873-85. [PMID: 22163932 PMCID: PMC3231461 DOI: 10.3390/s110605873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of dopant-type polyaniline-polyacrylic acid composite (PAn-PAA) films with porous structures were prepared and developed for an enzyme-free hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. The composite films were highly electroactive in a neutral environment as compared to polyaniline (PAn). In addition, the carboxyl group of the PAA was found to react with H2O2 to form peroxy acid groups, and the peroxy acid could further oxidize the imine structure of PAn to form N-oxides. The N-oxides reverted to their original form via electrochemical reduction and increased the reduction current. Based on this result, PAn-PAA was used to modify a gold electrode (PAn-PAA/Au) as a working electrode for the non-enzymatic detection of H2O2. The characteristics of the proposed sensors could be tuned by the PAA/PAn molar ratio. Blending PAA with PAn enhanced the surface area, electrocatalytic activity, and conductivity of these sensors. Under optimal conditions, the linear concentration range of the H2O2 sensor was 0.04 to 12 mM with a sensitivity of 417.5 μA/mM-cm2. This enzyme-free H2O2 sensor also exhibited a rapid response time, excellent stability, and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yi Hua
- Green Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-J.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 ext. 5289; Fax: +886-3-211-8668
| | - Chun-Jen Chen
- Green Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-J.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Green Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-J.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Ywan Tsai
- Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Tao-Yuan 33023, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chun-Lin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Tao-Yuan 33023, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.C.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Yin-Chih Liu
- Green Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-J.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
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45
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Lu X, Zhang W, Wang C, Wen TC, Wei Y. One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Deepshikha, Basu T. A Review on Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Conducting Polymers (NSCP) and Application in Biosensors. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.511734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Ruecha N, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O. A fast and highly sensitive detection of cholesterol using polymer microfluidic devices and amperometric system. Talanta 2011; 84:1323-8. [PMID: 21641446 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the rapid detection of cholesterol using poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip capillary electrophoresis, based on the coupling of enzymatic assays and electrochemical detection, was developed. Direct amperometric detection for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip capillary electrophoresis was successfully applied to quantify cholesterol levels. Factors influencing the performance of the method (such as the concentration and pH value of buffer electrolyte, concentration of cholesterol oxidase enzyme (ChOx), effect of solvent on the cholesterol solubility, and interferences) were carefully investigated and optimized. The migration time of hydrogen peroxide, product of the reaction, was less than 100 s when using 40 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 as the running buffer, a concentration of 0.68 U/mL of the ChOx, a separation voltage of +1.6 kV, an injection time of 20s, and a detection potential of +0.5 V. PDMS microchip capillary electrophoresis showed linearity between 38.7 μg/dL (1 μM) and 270.6 mg/dL (7 mM) for the cholesterol standard; the detection limit was determined as 38.7 ng/dL (1 nM). To demonstrate the potential of this assay, the proposed method was applied to quantify cholesterol in bovine serum. The percentages of recoveries were assessed over the range of 98.9-101.8%. The sample throughput was found to be 60 samples per hour. Therefore, PDMS microchip capillary electrophoresis, based on the coupling of enzymatic assays and electrochemical detection, is very rapid, accurate and sensitive method for the determination of cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipapan Ruecha
- Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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48
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Murphy-Pérez E, Arya SK, Bhansali S. Vapor-liquid-solid grown silica nanowire based electrochemical glucose biosensor. Analyst 2011; 136:1686-9. [PMID: 21369619 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) grown silica nanowires (SiO(2)NWs) have been deposited electrophoretically on a gold electrode and utilized for covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx). Covalent binding has been achieved via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modification and N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques have been used to characterize SiO(2)NW and GOx/APTES/SiO(2)NW/Au bioelectrode. Electrochemical studies reveal that SiO(2)NW increases the effective electro-active surface area thus resulting in higher loading of enzyme. Response characteristics show linearity in the range of interest 25-300 mg dl(-1), with a detection limit of 11 mg dl(-1), sensitivity: 0.463 µA (mg dl(-1))(-1) and regression coefficient of 0.992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Murphy-Pérez
- Bio-MEMS and Microsystem Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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49
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Boehme M, Ionescu E, Fu G, Ensinger W. Room temperature synthesis of indium tin oxide nanotubes with high precision wall thickness by electroless deposition. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:119-126. [PMID: 21977422 PMCID: PMC3148035 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Conductive nanotubes consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO) were fabricated by electroless deposition using ion track etched polycarbonate templates. To produce nanotubes (NTs) with thin walls and small surface roughness, the tubes were generated by a multi-step procedure under aqueous conditions. The approach reported below yields open end nanotubes with well defined outer diameter and wall thickness. In the past, zinc oxide films were mostly preferred and were synthesized using electroless deposition based on aqueous solutions. All these methods previously developed, are not adaptable in the case of ITO nanotubes, even with modifications. In the present work, therefore, we investigated the necessary conditions for the growth of ITO-NTs to achieve a wall thickness of around 10 nm. In addition, the effects of pH and reductive concentrations for the formation of ITO-NTs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Boehme
- Department of Materials Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt
| | - Emanuel Ionescu
- Department of Materials Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ganhua Fu
- Department of Materials Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Department of Materials Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstr. 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Dhand C, Das M, Datta M, Malhotra B. Recent advances in polyaniline based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:2811-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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