1
|
Arlyapov VA, Plekhanova YV, Kamanina OA, Nakamura H, Reshetilov AN. Microbial Biosensors for Rapid Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand: Approaches, Tendencies and Development Prospects. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:842. [PMID: 36290979 PMCID: PMC9599453 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the main indices of the quality of water is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A little over 40 years have passed since the practical application of the first microbial sensor for the determination of BOD, presented by the Japanese professor Isao Karube. This time span has brought new knowledge to and practical developments in the use of a wide range of microbial cells based on BOD biosensors. At present, this field of biotechnology is becoming an independent discipline. The traditional BOD analysis (BOD5) has not changed over many years; it takes no less than 5 days to carry out. Microbial biosensors can be used as an alternative technique for assessing the BOD attract attention because they can reduce hundredfold the time required to measure it. The review examines the experience of the creation and practical application of BOD biosensors accumulated by the international community. Special attention is paid to the use of multiple cell immobilization methods, signal registration techniques, mediators and cell consortia contained in the bioreceptor. We consider the use of nanomaterials in the modification of analytical devices developed for BOD evaluation and discuss the prospects of developing new practically important biosensor models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Tula State University”, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Plekhanova
- Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kamanina
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds and Biocomposites, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Tula State University”, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Hideaki Nakamura
- Department of Liberal Arts, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Anatoly N. Reshetilov
- Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Current Sensing Biosensor for BOD Rapid Measurement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:8894925. [PMID: 33192181 PMCID: PMC7641274 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the practicality of the rapid biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) method, a highly sensitive rapid detection method for BOD that is based on establishing the correlation between current and dissolved oxygen (DO) was developed. In this experiment, Bacillus subtilis was used as the test microorganism, and the embedding method was used to achieve quantitative fixation of microorganisms, which could increase the content of microorganisms and prolong the service life of the biological element. The conductivity (COND) probe is used as a sensing element, so that the testing value can be read every second. In the program, the moving average method is used to process the collected data so that the value can be read every minute. National standard samples were detected to test the accuracy and stability of the method. The results showed that relative error and analytical standard deviations were less than 5%. Different polluted water was tested to evaluate its application range. The results showed that relative error was less than 5%. The results of the method are consistent with the results of the wastewater sample obtained by the BOD5 standard method. The proposed rapid BOD current sensing biosensor method should be promising in practical application of wastewater monitoring.
Collapse
|
3
|
A Mediated BOD Biosensor Based on Immobilized B. Subtilis on Three-Dimensional Porous Graphene-Polypyrrole Composite. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112594. [PMID: 29125543 PMCID: PMC5713028 DOI: 10.3390/s17112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel mediated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor based on immobilized Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene-polypyrrole (rGO-PPy) composite. The 3D porous rGO-PPy composite was prepared using hydrothermal method following with electropolymerization. Then the 3D porous rGO-PPy composite was used as a support for immobilizing negatively charged B. subtilis denoted as rGO-PPy-B through coordination and electrostatic interaction. Further, the prepared rGO-PPy-B was used as a microbial biofilm for establishing a mediated BOD biosensor with ferricyanide as an electronic acceptor. The indirect determination of BOD was performed by electrochemical measuring ferrocyanide generated from a reduced ferricyanide mediator using interdigited ultramicroelectrode array (IUDA) as the working electrode. The experimental results suggested a good linear relationship between the amperometric responses and BOD standard concentrations from 4 to 60 mg/L, with a limit detection of 1.8 mg/L (S/N ≥ 3). The electrochemical measurement of real water samples showed a good agreement with the conventional BOD₅ method, and the good anti-interference as well as the long-term stability were well demonstrated, indicating that the proposed mediated BOD biosensor in this study holds a potential practical application of real water monitoring.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pujol-Vila F, Vigués N, Guerrero-Navarro A, Jiménez S, Gómez D, Fernández M, Bori J, Vallès B, Riva M, Muñoz-Berbel X, Mas J. Paper-based chromatic toxicity bioassay by analysis of bacterial ferricyanide reduction. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 910:60-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
A redox mediated UME biosensor using immobilized Chromobacterium violaceum strain R1 for rapid biochemical oxygen demand measurement. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Fast and sensitive optical toxicity bioassay based on dual wavelength analysis of bacterial ferricyanide reduction kinetics. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:272-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
7
|
Liu L, Bai L, Yu D, Zhai J, Dong S. Biochemical oxygen demand measurement by mediator method in flow system. Talanta 2015; 138:36-39. [PMID: 25863368 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using mediator as electron acceptor for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) measurement was developed in the last decade (BODMed). However, until now, no BOD(Med) in a flow system has been reported. This work for the first time describes a flow system of BOD(Med) method (BOD(Med)-FS) by using potassium ferricyanide as mediator and carbon fiber felt as substrate material for microbial immobilization. The system can determine the BOD value within 30 min and possesses a wider analytical linear range for measuring glucose-glutamic acid (GGA) standard solution from 2 up to 200 mg L(-1) without the need of dilution. The analytical performance of the BOD(Med)-FS is comparable or better than that of the previously reported BOD(Med) method, especially its superior long-term stability up to 2 months under continuous operation. Moreover, the BOD(Med)-FS has same determination accuracy with the conventional BOD5 method by measuring real samples from a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dengbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng L, Quek SB, Cord-Ruwisch R. Hexacyanoferrate-adapted biofilm enables the development of a microbial fuel cell biosensor to detect trace levels of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in oxygenated seawater. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:2412-20. [PMID: 24942462 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A marine microbial fuel cell (MFC) type biosensor was developed for the detection of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in ocean water for the purpose of online water quality monitoring for seawater desalination plants prone to biofouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The anodophilic biofilm that developed on the graphite tissue anode could detect acetate as the model AOC to concentrations as low as 5 µM (120 µg/L of AOC), which is sufficiently sensitive as an online biofouling risk sensor. Although the sensor was operated at a higher (+200 ± 10 mV) than the usual (-300 mV) anodic potential, the presence of oxygen completely suppressed the electrical signal. In order to overcome this outcompeting effect of oxygen over the anode as electron acceptor by the bacteria, hexacyanoferrate (HCF(III)) was found to enable the development of an adapted biofilm that transferred electrons to HCF(III) rather than oxygen. As the resultant of the reduced HCF(II) could readily transfer electrons to the anode while being re-oxidised to HCF(III), the marine MFC biosensor developed could be demonstrated to work in the presence of oxygen unlike traditional MFC. The possibility of operating the marine MFC in batch or continuous (in-line) mode has been explored by using coulombic or potentiometric interpretation of the signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90, South Street, Perth, West Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li XS, Zhu GT, Luo YB, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Synthesis and applications of functionalized magnetic materials in sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
10
|
A High Yield Method of Extracting Alkaloid from Aconitum coreanum by Pulsed Electric Field. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
11
|
A reagent-free tubular biofilm reactor for on-line determination of biochemical oxygen demand. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 45:213-8. [PMID: 23500366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We reported a reagent-free tubular biofilm reactor (BFR) based analytical system for rapid online biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) determination. The BFR was cultivated using microbial seeds from activated sludge. It only needs tap water to operate and does not require any chemical reagent. The analytical performance of this reagent-free BFR system was found to be equal to or better than the BFR system operated using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and high purity deionized water. The system can readily achieve a limit of detection of 0.25 mg O2 L(-1), possessing superior reproducibility, and long-term operational and storage stability. More importantly, we confirmed for the first time that the BFR system is capable of tolerating common toxicants found in wastewaters, such as 3,5-dichlorophenol and Zn(II), Cr(VI), Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II), enabling the method to be applied to a wide range of wastewaters. The sloughing and clogging are the important attributes affecting the operational stability, hence, the reliability of most online wastewater monitoring systems, which can be effectively avoided, benefiting from the tubular geometry of the reactor and high flow rate conditions. These advantages, coupled with simplicity in device, convenience in operation and minimal maintenance, make such a reagent-free BFR analytical system promising for practical BOD online determination.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jordan MA, Welsh DT, John R, Catterall K, Teasdale PR. A sensitive ferricyanide-mediated biochemical oxygen demand assay for analysis of wastewater treatment plant influents and treated effluents. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:841-849. [PMID: 23200506 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Representative and fast monitoring of wastewater influent and effluent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is an elusive goal for the wastewater industry and regulatory bodies alike. The present study describes a suitable assay, which incorporates activated sludge as the biocatalyst and ferricyanide as the terminal electron acceptor for respiration. A number of different sludges and sludge treatments were investigated, primarily to improve the sensitivity of the assay. A limit of detection (LOD) (2.1 mg BOD₅ L⁻¹) very similar to that of the standard 5-day BOD₅ method was achieved in 4 h using raw influent sludge that had been cultured overnight as the biocatalyst. Reducing the microbial concentration was the most effective means to improve sensitivity and reduce the contribution of the sludge's endogenous respiration to total ferricyanide-mediated (FM) respiration. A strong and highly significant relationship was found (n = 33; R = 0.96; p < 0.001; slope = 0.94) between BOD₅ and FM-BOD equivalent values for a diverse range of samples including wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and treated effluent, as well as several grey water samples. The activated sludge FM-BOD assay presented here is an exceptional surrogate method to the standard BOD₅ assay, providing representative, same-day BOD analysis of WWTP samples with a comparable detection limit, a 4-fold greater analytical range and much faster analysis time. The industry appeal of such an assay is tremendous given that ~90% of all BOD₅ analysis is dedicated to measurement of WWTP samples, for which this assay is specifically designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jordan
- Environmental Futures Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Qld 4222, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu C, Zhao H, Zhong L, Liu C, Jia J, Xu X, Liu L, Dong S. A biofilm reactor-based approach for rapid on-line determination of biodegradable organic pollutants. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 34:77-82. [PMID: 22342697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical approach utilizing a biofilm reactor (BFR) for rapid online determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was proposed and experimentally validated. The BFR was fabricated via a cultivation process using naturally occurring microbial seeds from locally collected wastewaters. The resultant BFR displays a remarkable rate of biodegradation towards a wide spectrum of organic substrates, capable of degrading over 20% of biodegradable organic substrates within 100 s. More importantly, the BFR exhibits a superior indiscriminative biodegradation feature, enabling a precise prediction of BOD values of total biodegradable organics based on experimentally determined BOD values from partial degradation processes without a need for on-going calibration. The proposed approach was systematically validated using a range of individual organic substrates, their mixtures, synthetic samples and wastewaters. Highly significant linear correlations between the BFR and the standard BOD(5) methods were obtained from diversified synthetic samples (r=0.988, p=0.000, n=45) and wastewaters (r=0.983, p=0.000, n=40). Near unity slope values of the principal axis of the correlation ellipse were obtained from all tested samples, suggesting both methods were essentially measuring the same BOD value. The reported method could be a useful online monitoring tool for determination of biodegradable organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu Z, Wei X, Yan J, Tu Y. Intensification of electrochemiluminescence of luminol on TiO2 supported Au atomic cluster nano-hybrid modified electrode. Analyst 2012; 137:1922-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Assessing the effect of oxygen and microbial inhibitors to optimize ferricyanide-mediated BOD assay. Talanta 2011; 85:455-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Liu L, Deng L, Yong D, Dong S. Native biofilm cultured under controllable condition and used in mediated method for BOD measurement. Talanta 2011; 84:895-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Cell-based electrochemical biosensors for water quality assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:947-64. [PMID: 21424523 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During recent decades, extensive industrialisation and farming associated with improper waste management policies have led to the release of a wide range of toxic compounds into aquatic ecosystems, causing a rapid decrease of world freshwater resources and thus requiring urgent implementation of suitable legislation to define water remediation and protection strategies. In Europe, the Water Framework Directive aims to restore good qualitative and quantitative status to all water bodies by 2015. To achieve that, extensive monitoring programmes will be required, calling for rapid, reliable and cost-effective analytical methods for monitoring and toxicological impact assessment of water pollutants. In this context, whole cell biosensors appear as excellent alternatives to or techniques complementary to conventional chemical methods. Cells are easy to cultivate and manipulate, host many enzymes able to catalyse a wide range of biological reactions and can be coupled to various types of transducers. In addition, they are able to provide information about the bioavailability and the toxicity of the pollutants towards eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. In this article, we present an overview of the use of whole cells, mainly bacteria, yeasts and algae, as sensing elements in electrochemical biosensors with respect to their practical applications in water quality monitoring, with particular emphasis on new trends and future perspectives. In contrast to optical detection, electrochemical transduction is not sensitive to light, can be used for analysis of turbid samples and does not require labelling. In some cases, it is also possible to achieve higher selectivities, even without cell modification, by operating at specific potentials where interferences are limited.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ponomareva ON, Arlyapov VA, Alferov VA, Reshetilov AN. Microbial biosensors for detection of biological oxygen demand (a Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683811010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Oota S, Hatae Y, Amada K, Koya H, Kawakami M. Development of mediated BOD biosensor system of flow injection mode for shochu distillery wastewater. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:262-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Namour P, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Namour P. Sensors for measuring biodegradable and total organic matter in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Zamaleeva AI, Sharipova IR, Porfireva AV, Evtugyn GA, Fakhrullin RF. Polyelectrolyte-mediated assembly of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on living yeast cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2671-9. [PMID: 20141208 DOI: 10.1021/la902937s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the three-dimensional assembly of carbon nanotubes on the polyelectrolyte-coated living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells using the polyelectrolyte-mediated layer-by-layer approach. Synthetic polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) were layer-by-layer deposited on the surfaces of the yeast cells followed by the deposition of water-soluble oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and an additional outermost polyelectrolyte bilayer. This resulted in the fabrication of polyelectrolyte/nanotubes composite coatings on the cell walls of the yeast cells, which could be clearly seen using the conventional optical microscopy. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy was applied to further investigate the composite coatings. Viability of the encapsulated cells was confirmed using the intercellular esterase activity test. Finally, electrochemical studies using voltammetry and electrochemical impedance measurements were performed, indicating that the composite polyelectrolytes/MWNTs coatings sufficiently affect the electron mediation between the encapsulated yeast cells and the artificial electron acceptor, making it possible to distinguish between living and dead cells. The technique described here may find potential application in the development of microelectronic devices, core-shell and hollow composite microparticles, and electrochemical cell-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alsu I Zamaleeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan State University, Kazan, 420008, Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li F, Tang C, Liu S, Ma G. Development of an electrochemical ascorbic acid sensor based on the incorporation of a ferricyanide mediator with a polyelectrolyte–calcium carbonate microsphere. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Cheng CY, Kuo JT, Lin YC, Liao YR, Chung YC. Comparisons of Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium phosphoreum, and recombinant luminescent using Escherichia coli as BOD measurement. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:233-238. [PMID: 20390863 DOI: 10.1080/10934520903430020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To shorten the time needed to measure biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in water samples and to provide a rapid feedback of the real condition of water quality, we tested and evaluated the validity and reliability of luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium phosphoreum, and recombinant Escherichia coli as potential indicators of BOD in the domestic wastewaters. The results indicate that the luminescence intensities of these strains are dependent on temperature, pH, and BOD concentration. In comparison to the standard BOD(5) method, the time needed for BOD measurement can be shortened by 90, 120, and 150 min when V. fischeri, P. phosphoreum, and recombinant E. coli, respectively, are used. Recombinant E. coli can be adapted to measure BOD in domestic wastewater containing a wide range of BOD concentrations, V. fischeri is not suitable for measuring diluted wastewater, and P. phosphoreum has only a limited application in measuring concentrated wastewater. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which V. fischeri, P. phosphoreum, and recombinant luminescent E. coli are compared in terms of their potential in BOD measurement systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu R, Sun Z, Jie Z. An innovative reactor-type biosensor for BOD rapid measurement. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:1705-9. [PMID: 20056404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is one of the most important and widely used parameters for characterizing the organic pollution of water and wastewater. In this paper, a novel reactor-type biosensor for rapid measurement of BOD was developed, based on using immobilized microbial cell (IMC) beads as recognition bio-element in a completely mixed reactor which was used as determining chamber, replacing the traditionally used membrane as recognition bio-element. The IMC beads were freely suspended in the aqueous solution, so the mass transfer resistance for dissolved oxygen and organic compounds significantly reduced, and the quantity of the microbial cells used as recognition element can be easily adjusted, in comparison with the traditional membrane-type BOD biosensor, in which exists a unadjustable contradiction between the quantity of biomass and the thickness of the bio-membrane, thus limiting the stability and the detection limit. This novel kind of BOD biosensor significantly increased the sensitivity of the response, the detecting precision and prolonged the life time of the recognition element. The experimental data showed that the most appropriate temperature for biochemical reaction in the reactor was 30 degrees C, and the IMC beads could keep the bioactivity for about 70d at the detecting frequency of 8 times every day. The standard deviation of repeatability and the reproducibility of responses were within +/-6.4% and +/-5.0%, respectively, which are within acceptable bias limits, and meet the requirement of BOD rapid measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|