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Electrochemical determination of nitroaromatic explosives using glassy carbon/multi walled carbon nanotube/polyethyleneimine electrode coated with gold nanoparticles. Talanta 2022; 238:122990. [PMID: 34857323 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The on site/in field detection of explosives has become a rising priority for homeland security and counter-terrorism measures. This work presents the sensitive detection of nitroaromatic explosives using glassy carbon/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polyethyleneimine (GC/MWCNTs/PEI) electrode coated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). MWCNTs and PEI could be well dispersed in ethanol/water solution, giving rise to a thin and homogeneous film on GCE. The GC/MWCNTs/PEI electrode was electrochemically modified with AuNPs and used for the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) detection of nitroaromatics. The enhanced detection sensitivities were achieved through π-π and charge-transfer (CT) interactions between the electron-deficient nitroaromatic explosives and donor amine groups in PEI to which gold nanoparticles were linked, providing increased analyte affinity toward the modified GCE. Calibration curves of current intensity versus concentration were linear in the range of 0.05-8 mg L-1 for TNT, 0.2-4 mg L-1 for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 1-20 mg L-1 for 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), 0.25-10 mg L-1 for picric acid (PA), and 0.05-4 mg L-1 for 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-N-methylnitramine (tetryl) with detection limits (LOD) of 15 μg L-1, 45 μg L-1, 135 μg L-1, 30 μg L-1, and 12 μg L-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of nitroaromatics in synthetic explosive mixtures and military composite explosives (comp B and octol). The electrochemical method was not affected by possible interferents of electroactive camouflage materials and common soil ions. Method validation was performed against the reference LC-MS method on TNT and PA-contaminated clay soil samples separately.
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Apak R, Çekiç SD, Üzer A, Çapanoğlu E, Çelik SE, Bener M, Can Z, Durmazel S. Colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes for characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5266-5321. [PMID: 33170182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical techniques for antioxidant compounds is important, because antioxidants that can inactivate reactive species and radicals are health-beneficial compounds, also used in the preservation of food and protection of almost every kind of organic substance from oxidation. Energetic substances include explosives, pyrotechnics, propellants and fuels, and their determination at bulk/trace levels is important for the safety and well-being of modern societies exposed to various security threats. Most of the time, in field/on site detection of these important analytes necessitates the use of colorimetric sensors and probes enabling naked-eye detection, or low-cost and easy-to-use fluorometric sensors. The use of nanosensors brings important advantages to this field of analytical chemistry due to their various physico-chemical advantages of increased surface area, surface plasmon resonance absorption of noble metal nanoparticles, and superior enzyme-mimic catalytic properties. Thus, this critical review focuses on the design strategies for colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes in characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. In this regard, the main themes and properties in optical sensor design are defined and classified. Nanomaterial-based optical sensors/probes are discussed with respect to their mechanisms of operation, namely formation and growth of noble metal nanoparticles, their aggregation and disaggregation, displacement of active constituents by complexation or electrostatic interaction, miscellaneous mechanisms, and the choice of metallic oxide nanoparticles taking part in such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hay CE, Lee J, Silvester DS. A methodology to detect explosive residues using a gelled ionic liquid based field-deployable electrochemical device. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Statistical optimization for determination of trace amounts of RDX in matrix of HMX using GC-ECD. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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5
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Molecularly imprinted polymer nano-sphere/multi-walled carbon nanotube coated glassy carbon electrode as an ultra-sensitive voltammetric sensor for picomolar level determination of RDX. Talanta 2019; 194:415-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sağlam Ş, Üzer A, Erçağ E, Apak R. Electrochemical Determination of TNT, DNT, RDX, and HMX with Gold Nanoparticles/Poly(Carbazole-Aniline) Film–Modified Glassy Carbon Sensor Electrodes Imprinted for Molecular Recognition of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7364-7370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Şener Sağlam
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Erçağ
- Aytar Cad., Fecri Ebcioglu Sok., No. 6/8, Levent, 34340 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemistry Department, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
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He Y, Wang L. Base-driven sunlight oxidation of silver nanoprisms for label-free visual colorimetric detection of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine explosive. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 329:249-254. [PMID: 28183013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a label-free method for visual colorimetric detection of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (HTT) explosive based on base-driven sunlight oxidation of silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs). Under natural sunlight illumination, the surface plasmon of AgNPRs is excited, which populates O2 antibonding orbitals to generate negative-ion state (O2-). The resultant O2- with a strong oxidation activity can etch AgNPRs to smaller nanodisks with the aid of NaOH aqueous solution, leading to a blue shift of the absorption peak and color change from blue to pink. However, when HTT is introduced, the resultant O2- will be consumed by the nitrite and formaldehyde that are produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of HTT. Under this condition, the etching of AgNPRs does not occur, and the detection solution remains blue. This assay can sensitively detect as low as 1nM HTT, a level which is three orders of magnitude lower than that of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assays (2.6μM), and shows linearity in the range of 0.003-3.3μM. The lowest detectable concentration with the naked eye is 0.1μM. Additionally, the present assay exhibits good selectivity, and can be applied in the detection of HTT in natural water and soil samples with recoveries ranging from 90% to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China.
| | - Li Wang
- Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
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Guven B, Eryilmaz M, Üzer A, Boyaci IH, Tamer U, Apak R. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with gold nanorods for the simultaneous quantification of nitramine energetic materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05844f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanosensing method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was proposed for simultaneous quantification of nitramine compounds, HMX and RDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Guven
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Merve Eryilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Gazi University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Istanbul University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Boyaci
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Uğur Tamer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Gazi University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Istanbul University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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Peng T, Qin W, Wang K, Shi J, Fan C, Li D. Nanoplasmonic Imaging of Latent Fingerprints with Explosive RDX Residues. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9403-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhuan Peng
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiye Shi
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Kellogg
College, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6PN, U.K
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Di Li
- Division of Physical Biology & Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Shi C, Xu Z, Smolinski BL, Arienti PM, O'Connor G, Meng X. Spectrophotometric analyses of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in water. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 33:39-44. [PMID: 26141876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for on-site analysis of royal demolition explosive (RDX) in water samples was developed based on the Berthelot reaction. The sensitivity and accuracy of an existing spectrophotometric method was improved by: replacing toxic chemicals with more stable and safer reagents; optimizing the reagent dose and reaction time; improving color stability; and eliminating the interference from inorganic nitrogen compounds in water samples. Cation and anion exchange resin cartridges were developed and used for sample pretreatment to eliminate the effect of ammonia and nitrate on RDX analyses. The detection limit of the method was determined to be 100 μg/L. The method was used successfully for analysis of RDX in untreated industrial wastewater samples. It can be used for on-site monitoring of RDX in wastewater for early detection of chemical spills and failure of wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shi
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Zhonghou Xu
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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Dong H, Liu Y, Zu X, Li N, Li F, Zhang D. An enzymatic assay for high-throughput screening of cytidine-producing microbial strains. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121612. [PMID: 25816248 PMCID: PMC4376533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytidine is an industrially useful precursor for the production of antiviral compounds and a variety of industrial compounds. Interest in the microbial production of cytidine has grown recently and high-throughput screening of cytidine over-producers is an important approach in large-scale industrial production using microorganisms. An enzymatic assay for cytidine was developed combining cytidine deaminase (CDA) and indophenol method. CDA catalyzes the cleavage of cytidine to uridine and NH3, the latter of which can be accurately determined using the indophenol method. The assay was performed in 96-well plates and had a linear detection range of cytidine of 0.058-10 mM. This assay was used to determine the amount of cytidine in fermentation flasks and the results were compared with that of High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The detection range of the CDA method is not as wide as that of the HPLC, furthermore the correlation factor of CDA method is not as high as that of HPLC. However, it was suitable for the detection of large numbers of crude samples and was applied to high-throughput screening for high cytidine-producing strains using 96-well deep-hole culture plates. This assay was proved to be simple, accurate, specific and suitable for cytidine detection and high-throughput screening of cytidine-producing strains in large numbers of samples (96 well or more).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Dong
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yongfei Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xin Zu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- The Light Industry Technology and Engineering, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Ning Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Feiran Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin, 300308, China
- * E-mail:
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Üzer A, Can Z, Akın İ, Erçağ E, Apak R. 4-Aminothiophenol Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Sensor for the Determination of Nitramine Energetic Materials. Anal Chem 2013; 86:351-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4032725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşem Üzer
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Ziya Can
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - İlknur Akın
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Erol Erçağ
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
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Li X, Li Q, Zhou H, Hao H, Wang T, Zhao S, Lu Y, Huang G. Rapid, on-site identification of explosives in nanoliter droplets using a UV reflected fiber optic sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 751:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Choodum A, Kanatharana P, Wongniramaikul W, NicDaeid N. Rapid quantitative colourimetric tests for trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222:340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Donaldson DN, Barnett NW, Agg KM, Graham D, Lenehan CE, Prior C, Lim KF, Francis PS. Chemiluminescence detection of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and related nitramine explosives. Talanta 2012; 88:743-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lima DRS, Bezerra MLS, Neves EB, Moreira FR. Impact of ammunition and military explosives on human health and the environment. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2011; 26:101-110. [PMID: 21905453 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2011.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature concerning the risks associated with the main xenobiotics contained in military ammunition and explosive residues and damage to human and environmental health. METHODOLOGY Using "ammunition", "military", "environmental", "health", "explosive", "metal", "TNT", "RDX", "pollution", and "contamination" as search terms, a large database, namely ISI Web of Knowledge and PubMed, was searched for studies on military ammunition and explosive residues from 1989 to 2010. Other sources used to conduct the search included the library of the Toxicology Laboratory of the Center for Workers' Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH) at the National School of Public Health. RESULTS In total, 15 different combinations were used with the search words above and 708 papers were found. Among them, 76 papers concerned this review. More than 12 references of interest were discovered in the library of the CESTEH. The results were organized into metals, dinitrotoluene, trinitrotoluene (TNT), and royal demolition explosive (RDX), showing their main uses, occurrence in the environment, the current toxic effects to human and environmental health, and remediation possibilities. CONCLUSION Because military activities can cause the acute and chronic exposure of human beings, the public administration must aim politics towards suitable environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora R S Lima
- Laboratory of Toxicology/Center for Workers' Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH)/National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rezaei B, Damiri S. Using of multi-walled carbon nanotubes electrode for adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of ultratrace levels of RDX explosive in the environmental samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 183:138-144. [PMID: 20685041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A study of the electrochemical behavior and determination of RDX, a high explosive, is described on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using adsorptive stripping voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results indicated that MWCNTs electrode remarkably enhances the sensitivity of the voltammetric method and provides measurements of this explosive down to the sub-mg/l level in a wide pH range. The operational parameters were optimized and a sensitive, simple and time-saving cyclic voltammetric procedure was developed for the analysis of RDX in ground and tap water samples. Under optimized conditions, the reduction peak have two linear dynamic ranges of 0.6-20.0 and 8.0-200.0 mM with a detection limit of 25.0 nM and a precision of <4% (RSD for 8 analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Brettell
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-6196
| | - J. M. Butler
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8312
| | - J. R. Almirall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199
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