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Akhgar CK, Ebner J, Alcaraz MR, Kopp J, Goicoechea H, Spadiut O, Schwaighofer A, Lendl B. Application of Quantum Cascade Laser-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for In-Line Discrimination of Coeluting Proteins from Preparative Size Exclusion Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11192-11200. [PMID: 35926134 PMCID: PMC9386682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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An external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL)-based
flow-through
mid-infrared (IR) spectrometer was placed in line with a preparative
size exclusion chromatography system to demonstrate real-time analysis
of protein elutions with strongly overlapping chromatographic peaks.
Two different case studies involving three and four model proteins
were performed under typical lab-scale purification conditions. The
large optical path length (25 μm), high signal-to-noise ratios,
and wide spectral coverage (1350 to 1750 cm–1) of
the QCL-IR spectrometer allow for robust spectra acquisition across
both the amide I and II bands. Chemometric analysis by self-modeling
mixture analysis and multivariate curve resolution enabled accurate
quantitation and structural fingerprinting across the protein elution
transient. The acquired concentration profiles were found to be in
excellent agreement with the off-line high-performance liquid chromatography
reference analytics performed on the collected effluent fractions.
These results demonstrate that QCL-IR detectors can be used effectively
for in-line, real-time analysis of protein elutions, providing critical
quality attribute data that are typically only accessible through
time-consuming and resource-intensive off-line methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Akhgar
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Ebner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Julian Kopp
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Héctor Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Akhgar CK, Ebner J, Spadiut O, Schwaighofer A, Lendl B. QCL-IR Spectroscopy for In-Line Monitoring of Proteins from Preparative Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5583-5590. [PMID: 35353485 PMCID: PMC9008697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
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In this study, an
external cavity-quantum cascade laser-based mid-infrared
(IR) spectrometer was applied for in-line monitoring of proteins from
preparative ion-exchange chromatography. The large optical path length
of 25 μm allowed for robust spectra acquisition in the broad
tuning range between 1350 and 1750 cm–1, covering
the most important spectral region for protein secondary structure
determination. A significant challenge was caused by the overlapping
mid-IR bands of proteins and changes in the background absorption
of water due to the NaCl gradient. Implementation of advanced background
compensation strategies resulted in high-quality protein spectra in
three different model case studies. In Case I, a reference blank run
was directly subtracted from a sample run with the same NaCl gradient.
Case II and III included sample runs with different gradient profiles
than the one from the reference run. Here, a novel compensation approach
based on a reference spectra matrix was introduced, where the signal
from the conductivity detector was employed for correlating suitable
reference spectra for correction of the sample run spectra. With this
method, a single blank run was sufficient to correct various gradient
profiles. The obtained IR spectra of hemoglobin and β-lactoglobulin
were compared to off-line reference measurements, showing excellent
agreement for all case studies. Moreover, the concentration values
obtained from the mid-IR spectrometer agreed well with conventional
UV detectors and high-performance liquid chromatography off-line measurements.
LC–QCL–IR coupling thus holds high potential for replacing
laborious and time-consuming off-line methods for protein monitoring
in complex downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Akhgar
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Ebner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Lorentz R, Rahali Y, Issa S, Bensouda Y, Holtzinger G, Aoussat A, Pensé-Lhéritier AM. One-pot synthesis of sub-micron organosilicate particles for the formulation of Pickering emulsions. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Uliyanchenko E, van der Wal S, Schoenmakers PJ. Challenges in polymer analysis by liquid chromatography. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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5
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Analytical potential of mid-infrared detection in capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Kuligowski J, Carrión D, Quintás G, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Cubic smoothing splines background correction in on-line liquid chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6733-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
CK2 is a pleiotropic, ubiquitous, and constitutively active protein kinase (PK), with both cytosolic and nuclear localization in most mammalian cells. The holoenzyme is generally composed of two catalytic (alpha and/or alpha') and two regulatory (beta) subunits, but the free alpha/alpha' subunits are catalytically active by themselves and can be present in cells under some circumstances. CK2 catalyzes the phosphorylation of more than 300 substrates characterized by multiple acidic residues surrounding the phosphor-acceptor amino acid, and, consequently, it plays a key role in several physiological and pathological processes. But how can one kinase orchestrate all these tasks faithfully? How is it possible that one kinase can, despite all pleiotropic characteristics of PKs in general, be involved in so many different biochemical events? Is CK2 a druggable target? Several questions are still to be clearly answered, and this review is an occasion for a fruitful discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozza
- Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
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Kuligowski J, Quintás G, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Chemometric extraction of analyte-specific chromatograms in on-line gradient LC-infrared spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4089-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Quintás G, Kuligowski J, Lendl B. On-Line Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometric Detection in Gradient Capillary Liquid Chromatography Using Nanoliter-Flow Cells. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3746-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8025459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Quintás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner, 46100 Burjassot, Spain, and Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
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New background correction approach based on polynomial regressions for on-line liquid chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3122-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Determination of glycolic acid in cosmetics by online liquid chromatography–Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:1383-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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