1
|
Şahan S, Şahin U, Jakubus M. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS) in Sewage Sludge and Compost by Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) with Diode Array Detection (DAD). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Şahan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- USeM R&D Company, ERÜ Technology Development Area, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Uğur Şahin
- USeM R&D Company, ERÜ Technology Development Area, Kayseri, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Monika Jakubus
- Department of Soil Science and Land Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Temerdashev ZA, Musorina TN, Chervonnaya TA, Arutyunyan ZV. Possibilities and Limitations of Solid-Phase and Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
Portet-Koltalo F, Tian Y, Berger-Brito I, Benamar A, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Machour N. Determination of multi-class polyaromatic compounds in sediments by a simple modified matrix solid phase dispersive extraction. Talanta 2021; 221:121601. [PMID: 33076132 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, efficient matrix solid phase dispersive extraction (MSPD) method was optimised to analyse simultaneously polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from sediments, and was compared to microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). New dispersing agents were tested to improve MSPD extraction. 3-chloropropyl-bonded silica particles, in addition to Florisil, increased significantly the polyaromatics desorption capacity. A compromise was found for eluting both families of compounds from sediments, using a small volume of hexane/acetone. Low procedural detection limits could be reached (0.06-0.22 ng g-1 and 0.3-1.1 ng g-1 for PAHs and PCBs, respectively). Mean total extraction recoveries were good for PAHs (>67%, depending on the sediment) and for PCBs (>89%), with good precision (6-9% and 4-10% inter-day precision for PAHs and PCBs, respectively). Higher recoveries for PCBs could be reached in comparison with formerly developed sonication or Soxhlet extraction methods, but also with MAE. MSPD offered significant decrease of sample amount, of solvent consumption and allowed more efficient cleaning of the sediment matrix, leading to less matrix effects compared to MAE, removing lots of interfering compounds without additional purification step. The robustness of the MSPD methodology could be demonstrated extracting quantitatively sediments from different sources and with various mineralogical characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
| | - Y Tian
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France; Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC Laboratory UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 Rue de Prony, 76600, Le Havre, France.
| | - I Berger-Brito
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
| | - A Benamar
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC Laboratory UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 Rue de Prony, 76600, Le Havre, France.
| | - C Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO Laboratory UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063, Le Havre, France.
| | - N Machour
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solid phase extraction technique as a general field of application of molecularly imprinted polymer materials. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
5
|
Hoff RB, Pizzolato TM. Combining extraction and purification steps in sample preparation for environmental matrices: A review of matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
6
|
Ncube S, Lekoto G, Cukrowska E, Chimuka L. Development and optimisation of a novel three-way extraction technique based on a combination of Soxhlet extraction, membrane assisted solvent extraction and a molecularly imprinted polymer using sludge polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model compounds. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:918-928. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somandla Ncube
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Goitsemang Lekoto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Ewa Cukrowska
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Triñanes S, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R. Matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of selective ciclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in sewage sludge samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1462:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Wang Y, Sun Y, Xu B, Li X, Wang X, Zhang H, Song D. Matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of triazine herbicides in oilseeds. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:67-74. [PMID: 26320960 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for the determination of six triazine herbicides from oilseeds by matrix solid-phase dispersion combined with magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (MSPD-MIL-DLLME), followed by ultrafast liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UFLC-UV). The MIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([C4mim][FeCl4]), was used as the microextraction solvent to simplify the extraction procedure by magnetic separation. The effects of several important experimental parameters, including type of dispersant, ratio of sample to dispersant, type and volume of collected elution solvent, type and volume of MIL, were investigated. Using the present method, UFLC-UV gave the limits of detection (LODs) of 1.20-2.72 ng g(-1) and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of 3.99-9.06 ng g(-1) for triazine herbicides. The recoveries were ranged from 82.9 to 113.7% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were equal or lower than 7.7%. The present method is easy-to-use and effective for extraction of triazine herbicides from oilseeds and shows the potentials of practical applications in the treatment of the fatty solid samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xinpei Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matrix solid phase dispersion method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in moss. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1406:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Fernández M, Clavijo S, Forteza R, Cerdà V. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using lab on valve dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to high performance chromatography. Talanta 2015; 138:190-195. [PMID: 25863390 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method was applied for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of 15 PAHs in aqueous matrices.The extraction procedure was automated using a system of multisyringe flow injection analysis coupled to HPLC instrument with fluorescence detector. Factors affecting the extraction process, such as type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, extraction time and centrifugation step were investigated thoroughly and optimized utilizing factorial design. The best recovery was achieved using 100 µL of trichloroethylene as the extraction solvent and 900 µL of acetonitrile as the dispersive solvent.The results showed that extraction time has no effect on the recovery of PAHs. The enrichment factors of PAHs were in the range of 86-95 with limits of detection of 0.02-0.6 µg L(-1). The linearity was 0.2-600 µg L(-1) for different PAHs. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra- and inter-day of extraction of PAHs were in the range of 1.6-4.7 and 2.1-5.3, respectively, for five measurements.The developed method was used to assess the occurrence of 15 PAHs in tap water, rain waters and river surface waters samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S Clavijo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - R Forteza
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - V Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cerqueira MB, Caldas SS, Primel EG. New sorbent in the dispersive solid phase extraction step of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe for the extraction of organic contaminants in drinking water treatment sludge. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1336:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Guo L, Lee HK. Microwave assisted extraction combined with solvent bar microextraction for one-step solvent-minimized extraction, cleanup and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:9-15. [PMID: 23497848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a novel one-step sample preparation method that combines microwave assisted extraction and solvent bar microextraction (MAE-SBME) with analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for the fast and efficient determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental soil samples. An interesting feature of the new procedure is that SBME was conducted simultaneously with MAE. Thus, the extract from the SBME could be directly and immediately analyzed by GC-MS. A separate clean up and/or preconcentration process, such as time-consuming and tedious gel permeation chromatography, solid-phase extraction, filtration, or adsorption chromatography, normally associated with conventional MAE, was not necessary. It is also notable that the procedure was environmentally benign since water was used as the extraction solvent in MAE, and only several microliters of organic solvent were used in SBME. Some factors affecting the extraction were studied and optimized. Under the most favorable conditions, the method showed good linearities (between 0.2 and 500, 0.5 and 500, 1 and 500, and 2 and 500 ng/g, depending on the analytes), low limits of detection (from 0.03 to 0.25 ng/g), and satisfactory precision (with relative standard deviations below 9.8%). The MAE-SBME procedure provides a fast and simple sample preparation approach for the processing of environmental soil samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Analysis of PhACs in Solid Environmental Samples (Soil, Sediment, and Sludge). ANALYSIS, REMOVAL, EFFECTS AND RISK OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN THE WATER CYCLE - OCCURRENCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Christopoulou OD, Sakkas VA, Albanis TA. Evaluation of matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in household dust with the aid of experimental design and response surface methodology. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3554-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ourania D. Christopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - Vasilios A. Sakkas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| | - Triantafyllos A. Albanis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cleaning sorbents used in matrix solid-phase dispersion with sonication: Application to the estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at ng/g levels in marine sediments. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1263:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Pinušić T, Periša M, Babić S. Optimization of matrix solid-phase dispersion for liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 12 pharmaceuticals in sediments. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1258:1-15. [PMID: 22939206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique accompanied with LC-MS/MS detection for the purpose of determination of 12 pharmaceuticals (sulfaguanidine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, praziquantel, febantel, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and procaine) applied to sediment samples has been described in this paper. Different parameters, such as the type of solid phase, the elution solvent and its volume have been investigated. The analytes were successfully extracted by C18 as an MSPD sorbent with 5 mL of acetonitrile:5% of oxalic acid=6:4 (v/v) as an elution solvent. The proposed method provides a linear response over the concentration range of 0.0005-100 μg/g, depending on pharmaceuticals with correlation coefficients above 0.9928 in all cases except for trimethoprim (0.9889). Also, the method has revealed low limits of detection (0.125-500 ng/g), good precision (intra and inter-day), a relative standard deviation below 15% and recoveries above 80%, except for roxithromycin, febantel and enrofloxacin. The method has been successfully applied to analysis of different sediment samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zuloaga O, Navarro P, Bizkarguenaga E, Iparraguirre A, Vallejo A, Olivares M, Prieto A. Overview of extraction, clean-up and detection techniques for the determination of organic pollutants in sewage sludge: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 736:7-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Olariu RI, Vione D, Grinberg N, Arsene C. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR TRACE ANALYSIS BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.484371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romeo-Iulian Olariu
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
| | - Davide Vione
- b Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica , Università di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- c Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. , Ridgefield , Connecticut , USA
| | - Cecilia Arsene
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Giansanti P, Gubbiotti R, Samperi R, Laganà A. Recent developments in matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2521-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Pena MT, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R. Development of a sample preparation procedure of sewage sludge samples for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on selective pressurized liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:425-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Negreira N, Rodríguez I, Rubí E, Cela R. Determination of selected UV filters in indoor dust by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5895-902. [PMID: 19539293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple, inexpensive sample preparation procedure, based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique, for the determination of six UV filters: 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate (Homosalate, HMS), 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC), isoamyl-p-methoxycinnamate (IAMC), 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octocrylene (OCR), in dust from indoor environments is presented and the influence of several operational parameters on the extraction performance discussed. Under the final working conditions, sieved samples (0.5 g) were mixed with the same amount of anhydrous sodium sulphate and dispersed with 2 g of octadecyl bonded silica (C18) in a mortar with a pestle. This blend was transferred to a polypropylene solid-phase extraction cartridge containing 2 g of activated silica, as the clean-up co-sorbent. The cartridge was first rinsed with 5 mL of n-hexane and the analytes were then recovered with 4 mL of acetonitrile. This extract was adjusted to 1 mL, filtered and the compounds were determined by gas chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Recoveries for samples spiked at two different concentrations ranged between 77% and 99%, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of the method between 10 and 40 ng g(-1). Analysis of settled dust from different indoor areas, including private flats, public buildings and vehicle cabins, showed that EHMC and OCR were ubiquitous in this matrix, with maximum concentrations of 15 and 41 microg g(-1), respectively. Both UV filters were also quantified in dust reference material SRM 2585 for first time. EHS, 4-MBC and IAMC were detected in some of the analyzed samples, although at lower concentrations than EHMC and OCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Negreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|