1
|
Yeh YH, Lin YS, Chiu TC, Hu CC. A Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Penicillin G Based on Color-Tunable Gold-Silver Nanoclusters. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10621-10627. [PMID: 38463298 PMCID: PMC10918794 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Excessive administration of penicillin G and improper disposal of its residues pose a serious risk to human health; therefore, the development of convenient methods for monitoring penicillin G levels in products is essential. Herein, novel gold-silver nanoclusters (AuAgNCs) were synthesized using chicken egg white and 6-aza-2-thiothymine as dual ligands with strong yellow fluorescence at 509 and 689 nm for the highly selective detection of penicillin G. The AuAgNCs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity decreased linearly with the concentration of penicillin G from 0.2 to 6 μM, with a low detection limit of 18 nM. Real sample analyses indicated that a sensor developed using the AuAgNCs could detect penicillin G in urine and water samples within 10 min, with the recoveries ranging from 99.7 to 104.0%. The particle size of the AuAgNCs increased from 1.80 to 9.06 nm in the presence of penicillin G. We believe the aggregation-induced quenching of the fluorescence of the AuAgNCs was the main mechanism for the detection of penicillin G. These results demonstrate the ability of our sensor for monitoring penicillin G levels in environmental and clinic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Yeh
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung City, Taitung County 95092, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Shen Lin
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung City, Taitung County 95092, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung City, Taitung County 95092, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Cho-Chun Hu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, No. 369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung City, Taitung County 95092, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh R, Gupta R, Bansal D, Bhateria R, Sharma M. A Review on Recent Trends and Future Developments in Electrochemical Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7336-7356. [PMID: 38405479 PMCID: PMC10882602 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods and devices have ignited prodigious interest for sensing and monitoring. The greatest challenge for science is far from meeting the expectations of consumers. Electrodes made of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, metal-organic frameworks, MXene, and transition metal dichalcogenides as well as alternative electrochemical sensing methods offer potential to improve selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, and response time. Moreover, these advancements have accelerated the development of wearable and point-of-care electrochemical sensors, opening new possibilities and pathways for their applications. This Review presents a critical discussion of the recent developments and trends in electrochemical sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimmy Singh
- Department of Applied Science & Humanities, DPG Institute of Technology and Management, Gurugram 122004, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | | | - Rachna Bhateria
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Mona Sharma
- Department of Environmental Studies, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhuang Q, Guo H, Peng T, Ding E, Zhao H, Liu Q, He S, Zhao G. Advances in the detection of β-lactamase: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126159. [PMID: 37549760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
β-lactamase, an enzyme secreted by bacteria, is the main resistant mechanism of Gram-negative bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics. The resistance of bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics can be evaluated by testing the activity of β-lactamase. Traditional phenotypic detection is a golden principle, but it is time-consuming. In recent years, many new methods have emerged, which improve the efficiency by virtue of their sensitivity, low cost, easy operation, and other advantages. In this paper, we systematically review these researches and emphasize their limits of detection, sample operation, and test duration. Noteworthily, some detection systems can identify the β-lactamase subtype conveniently. We mainly divide these tests into three categories to elaborate their characteristics and application status. Both advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Additionally, we analyze the recent 5 years published researches to predict the trend of development in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Tian Peng
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Enjie Ding
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Qiulan Liu
- General Party Branch of the Second Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shiyin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Guojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh B, Bhat A, Dutta L, Pati KR, Korpan Y, Dahiya I. Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Antibiotics in Milk: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:867. [PMID: 37754101 PMCID: PMC10527191 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have emerged as ground-breaking medications for the treatment of infectious diseases, but due to the excessive use of antibiotics, some drugs have developed resistance to microorganisms. Because of their structural complexity, most antibiotics are excreted unchanged, polluting the water, soil, and natural resources. Additionally, food items are being polluted through the widespread use of antibiotics in animal feed. The normal concentrations of antibiotics in environmental samples typically vary from ng to g/L. Antibiotic residues in excess of these values can pose major risks the development of illnesses and infections/diseases. According to estimates, 300 million people will die prematurely in the next three decades (by 2050), and the WHO has proclaimed "antibiotic resistance" to be a severe economic and sociological hazard to public health. Several antibiotics have been recognised as possible environmental pollutants (EMA) and their detection in various matrices such as food, milk, and environmental samples is being investigated. Currently, chromatographic techniques coupled with different detectors (e.g., HPLC, LC-MS) are typically used for antibiotic analysis. Other screening methods include optical methods, ELISA, electrophoresis, biosensors, etc. To minimise the problems associated with antibiotics (i.e., the development of AMR) and the currently available analytical methods, electrochemical platforms have been investigated, and can provide a cost-effective, rapid and portable alternative. Despite the significant progress in this field, further developments are necessary to advance electrochemical sensors, e.g., through the use of multi-functional nanomaterials and advanced (bio)materials to ensure efficient detection, sensitivity, portability, and reliability. This review summarises the use of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of antibiotics in milk/milk products and presents a brief introduction to antibiotics and AMR followed by developments in the field of electrochemical biosensors based on (i) immunosensor, (ii) aptamer (iii) MIP, (iv) enzyme, (v) whole-cell and (vi) direct electrochemical approaches. The role of nanomaterials and sensor fabrication is discussed wherever necessary. Finally, the review discusses the challenges encountered and future perspectives. This review can serve as an insightful source of information, enhancing the awareness of the role of electrochemical biosensors in providing information for the preservation of the health of the public, of animals, and of our environment, globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baljit Singh
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abhijnan Bhat
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lesa Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Riya Pati
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Yaroslav Korpan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NAS of Ukraine, Department of Biomolecular Electronics, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Isha Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Michałowska A, Krajczewski J, Kudelski A. Magnetic iron oxide cores with attached gold nanostructures coated with a layer of silica: An easily, homogeneously deposited new nanomaterial for surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 277:121266. [PMID: 35452900 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures made of magnetic cores (Fe3O4) with many smaller plasmonic (Au) nanostructures attached were covered with a very thin layer of silica. The first example of the application of this type of material for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements is presented. (Fe3O4@Au)@SiO2 nanoparticles turned out to be very efficient substrates for SERS measurements. Moreover, due to the nanomaterial's strong magnetic properties, it can be easily manipulated using a magnetic field, and it is therefore possible to form homogeneous layers (with no significant 'coffee-ring' effect) of (Fe3O4@Au)@SiO2 nanoparticles using a very simple procedure: depositing a drop of a sol of such nanoparticles and evaporating the solvent after placing the sample in a strong magnetic field. Synthesised (Fe3O4@Au)@SiO2 nanostructures have been used for the SERS detection of penicillin G in milk. Good quality SERS spectra of penicillin G were obtained even at a concentration of penicillin G in milk of 1 nmol/l - this means that the SERS detection of penicillin G in milk is possible at a concentration lower than the maximum residue limit of penicillin G in milk established by the European Commission. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Krajczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kudelski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Ma W, Wei J, Lan K, Yan S, Chen R, Qin G. High-performance olfactory receptor-derived peptide sensor for trimethylamine detection based on Steglich esterification reaction and native chemical ligation connection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113673. [PMID: 34619485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) commonly exists in daily life and is harmful to human health, therefore the convenient and sensitive monitoring of TMA is highly desired. In this study, we developed a method to fabricate a high-performance TMA sensor by chemically conjugating olfactory receptor-derived peptides (ORPs) to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on interdigital electrodes. First, the SWCNTs were modified with thioester by Steglich esterification reaction. Next, the ORPs with a cysteine residue at the N-terminus were connected to the thioester by native chemical ligation and modified to the surface of the SWCNTs. The chemical connection method enabled more effective loading of ORPs to the SWCNTs compared to the previously reported physical connection method. Using this approach, the ORPs-SWCNTs sensor for gaseous TMA was fabricated and enabled detection of TMA with a concentration as low as 0.01 parts per trillion, which was three orders of magnitude lower than the reported lowest detection limit up to date. Furthermore, we tested the performance of the ORP-sensor with vaporized TMA and TMA generated from various spoiled food, and the sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for TMA detection. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed chemical connection method for the fabrication of ORP-sensor and the great potential of using these sensors for applications in environmental safety, food quality evaluation, and healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Weichao Ma
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Junqing Wei
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Kuibo Lan
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Guoxuan Qin
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sensitive detection of Penicillin-G chemical using SnO2.YbO nanomaterials by electrochemical approach. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
8
|
Bakhshpour M, Göktürk I, Bereli N, Yılmaz F, Denizli A. Selective Detection of Penicillin G Antibiotic in Milk by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Plasmonic SPR Sensor. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6040072. [PMID: 34940015 PMCID: PMC8698653 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer-based surface plasmon resonance sensor prepared using silver nanoparticles was designed for the selective recognition of Penicillin G (PEN-G) antibiotic from both aqueous solution and milk sample. PEN-G imprinted sensors (NpMIPs) SPR sensor was fabricated using poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacroyl-(L)-cysteine methyl ester)-silver nanoparticles-N-methacryloyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester polymer by embedding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the polymeric film structure. In addition, a non-imprinted (NpNIPs) SPR sensor was prepared by utilizing the same polymerization recipe without addition of the PEN-G template molecule to evaluate the imprinting effect. FTIR-ATR spectrophotometer, ellipsometer, contact angle measurements were used for the characterization of NpMIPs SPR sensors. The linear concentration range of 0.01–10 ng/mL PEN-G was studied for kinetic analyses. The augmenting effect of AgNPs used to increase the surface plasmon resonance signal response was examined using polymer-based PEN-G imprinted (MIPs) sensor without the addition of AgNPs. The antibiotic amount present in milk chosen as a real sample was measured by spiking PEN-G into the milk. According to the Scatchard, Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir–Freundlich adsorption models, the interaction mechanism was estimated to be compatible with the Langmuir model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Bakhshpour
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (M.B.); (I.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Ilgım Göktürk
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (M.B.); (I.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (M.B.); (I.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Fatma Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14900, Turkey;
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (M.B.); (I.G.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Based Optical Sensor for the Sensitive Penicillin G Detection in Milk. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Lautenschläger N, Popp PF, Mascher T. Development of a novel heterologous β-lactam-specific whole-cell biosensor in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:21. [PMID: 32765644 PMCID: PMC7394692 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole-cell biosensors are a powerful and easy-to-use screening tool for the fast and sensitive detection of chemical compounds, such as antibiotics. β-Lactams still represent one of the most important antibiotic groups in therapeutic use. They interfere with late stages of the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and result in irreversible perturbations of cell division and growth, ultimately leading to cell lysis. In order to simplify the detection of these antibiotics from solutions, solid media or directly from producing organisms, we aimed at developing a novel heterologous whole-cell biosensor in Bacillus subtilis, based on the β-lactam-induced regulatory system BlaR1/BlaI from Staphylococcus aureus. Results The BlaR1/BlaI system was heterologously expressed in B. subtilis and combined with the luxABCDE operon of Photorhabdus luminescens under control of the BlaR1/BlaI target promoter to measure the output of the biosensor. A combination of codon adaptation, constitutive expression of blaR1 and blaI and the allelic replacement of penP increased the inducer spectrum and dynamic range of the biosensor. β-Lactams from all four classes induced the target promoter PblaZ in a concentration-dependent manner, with a dynamic range of 7- to 53-fold. We applied our biosensor to a set of Streptomycetes soil isolates and demonstrated its potential to screen for the production of β-lactams. In addition to the successful implementation of a highly sensitive β-lactam biosensor, our results also provide the first experimental evidence to support previous suggestions that PenP functions as a β-lactamase in B. subtilis. Conclusion We have successfully established a novel heterologous whole-cell biosensor in B. subtilis that is highly sensitive for a broad spectrum of β-lactams from all four chemical classes. Therefore, it increases the detectable spectrum of compounds with respect to previous biosensor designs. Our biosensor can readily be applied for identifying β-lactams in liquid or on solid media, as well as for identifying potential β-lactam producers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lautenschläger
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp F Popp
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Biosensors for penicillin quantification: a comprehensive review. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1829-1846. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Background:
The determination of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and human biologic fluids is
important for pharmaceutical and medical sciences. Successful analysis requires low sensitivity, high selectivity
and minimum interference effects. Current analytical methods can detect drugs at very low levels but these methods
require long sample preparation steps, extraction prior to analysis, highly trained technical staff and high-cost
instruments. Biosensors offer several advantages such as short analysis time, high sensitivity, real-time analysis,
low-cost instruments, and short pretreatment steps over traditional techniques. Biosensors allow quantification not
only of the active component in pharmaceutical formulations, but also the degradation products and metabolites in
biological fluids. The present review gives comprehensive information on the application of biosensors for drug
discovery and analysis. Moreover, this review focuses on the fabrication of these biosensors.
Methods:
Biosensors can be classified as the utilized bioreceptor and the signal transduction mechanism. The classification
based on signal transductions includes electrochemical optical, thermal or acoustic. Electrochemical and
optic transducers are mostly utilized transducers used for drug analysis. There are many biological recognition elements,
such as enzymes, antibodies, cells that have been used in fabricating of biosensors. Aptamers and antibodies
are the most widely used recognition elements for the screening of the drugs. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
have several advantages such as low detection limits, a wide linear response range, good stability and reproducibility.
Optical biosensors have several advantages such as direct, real-time and label-free detection of many
biological and chemical substances, high specificity, sensitivity, small size and low cost. Modified electrodes enhance
sensitivity of the electrodes to develop a new biosensor with desired features. Chemically modified electrodes
have gained attention in drug analysis owing to low background current, wide potential window range, simple
surface renewal, low detection limit and low cost. Modified electrodes produced by modifying of a solid surface
electrode via different materials (carbonaceous materials, metal nanoparticles, polymer, biomolecules) immobilization.
Recent advances in nanotechnology offer opportunities to design and construct biosensors. Unique features
of nanomaterials provide many advantages in the fabrication of biosensors. Nanomaterials have controllable
chemical structures, large surface to volume ratios, functional groups on their surface. To develop proteininorganic
hybrid nanomaterials, four preparation methods have been used. These methods are immobilization, conjugation,
crosslinking and self-assembly. In the present manuscript, applications of different biosensors, fabricated
by using several materials, for drug analysis are reviewed. The biosensing strategies are investigated and discussed
in detail.
Results:
Several analytical techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, radiometry, immunoassays and electrochemistry
have been used for drug analysis and quantification. Methods based on chromatography require timeconsuming
procedure, long sample-preparation steps, expensive instruments and trained staff. Compared to chromatographic
methods, immunoassays have simple protocols and lower cost. Electrochemical measurements have
many advantages over traditional chemical analyses and give information about drug quantity, metabolic fate of
drugs, and pharmacological activity. Moreover, the electroanalytical methods are useful to determine drugs sensitively
and selectivity. Additionally, these methods decrease analysis cost and require low-cost instruments and
simple sample pretreatment steps.
Conclusion:
In recent years, drug analyses are performed using traditional techniques. These techniques have a
good detection limit, but they have some limitations such as long analysis time, expensive device and experienced
personnel requirement. Increased demand for practical and low-cost analytical techniques biosensor has gained interest
for drug determinations in medical sciences. Biosensors are unique and successful devices when compared to
traditional techniques. For drug determination, different electrode modification materials and different biorecognition
elements are used for biosensor construction. Several biosensor construction strategies have been developed to
enhance the biosensor performance. With the considerable progress in electrode surface modification, promotes the
selectivity of the biosensor, decreases the production cost and provides miniaturization. In the next years, advances
in technology will provide low cost, sensitive, selective biosensors for drug analysis in drug formulations and biological
samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydin
- Namik Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Aydin
- Namik Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezginturk
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Canakkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Multisegment nanowire/nanoparticle hybrid arrays as electrochemical biosensors for simultaneous detection of antibiotics. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:632-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Koch C, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Wege C. Penicillin Detection by Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Assisted Colorimetric Biosensors. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:184-196. [PMID: 29577021 PMCID: PMC5865271 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presentation of enzymes on viral scaffolds has beneficial effects such as an increased enzyme loading and a prolonged reusability in comparison to conventional immobilization platforms. Here, we used modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanorods as enzyme carriers in penicillin G detection for the first time. Penicillinase enzymes were conjugated with streptavidin and coupled to TMV rods by use of a bifunctional biotin-linker. Penicillinase-decorated TMV particles were characterized extensively in halochromic dye-based biosensing. Acidometric analyte detection was performed with bromcresol purple as pH indicator and spectrophotometry. The TMV-assisted sensors exhibited increased enzyme loading and strongly improved reusability, and higher analysis rates compared to layouts without viral adapters. They extended the half-life of the sensors from 4 - 6 days to 5 weeks and thus allowed an at least 8-fold longer use of the sensors. Using a commercial budget-priced penicillinase preparation, a detection limit of 100 µM penicillin was obtained. Initial experiments also indicate that the system may be transferred to label-free detection layouts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arshak Poghossian
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52525 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52525 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
New methodologies in screening of antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods: Biosensors. Talanta 2017; 175:435-442. [PMID: 28842013 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are leading medicine asset for fighting against microbial infection, but also one of the important causes of death worldwide. Many antibiotics used as therapeutics and growth promotion agents in animals can lead to antibiotic residues in animal-derived food which harm the health of people. Hence, it is vital to screen antibiotic residues in animal derived foods. Typical methods for screening antibiotic residues are based on microbiological growth inhibition and immunological analyses. However these two methods have some disadvantages, such as poor sensitive, lack of specificity and etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple, more efficient and high sensitive screening methods of antibiotic residues. These assays have been introduced for the screening of numerous food samples. Biosensors are emerging methods, applied in screening antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods. Two types of biosensors, whole-cell based biosensors and surface plasmon resonance-based sensors have been extensively used. Their advantages include portability, small sample requirement, high sensitivity and good specificity over the traditional screening methods.
Collapse
|
17
|
Feier B, Ionel I, Cristea C, Săndulescu R. Electrochemical behaviour of several penicillins at high potential. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01729d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful penicillin detection on a boron-doped diamond electrode from real environmental, biomedical and pharmaceutical samples by DPV and flow analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Feier
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - I. Ionel
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - C. Cristea
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - R. Săndulescu
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Goh E, Lee HJ. Development Trend of Biosensors for Antimicrobial Drugs in Water Environment. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2016.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Lirio S, Liu WL, Lin CL, Lin CH, Huang HY. Aluminum based metal-organic framework-polymer monolith in solid-phase microextraction of penicillins in river water and milk samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1428:236-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Medyantseva EP, Brusnitsyn DV, Varlamova RM, Beshevets MA, Budnikov HC, Fattakhova AN. Capabilities of amperometric monoamine oxidase biosensors based on screen-printed graphite electrodes modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes in the determination of some antidepressants. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481505010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Scholl FA, Caseli L. Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films of lipids and penicillinase: Studies on adsorption and enzymatic activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:232-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Rahman MM, Asiri AM. Development of Penicillin G biosensor based on Penicillinase enzymes immobilized onto bio-chips. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
23
|
Medyantseva EP, Brusnitsyn DV, Varlamova RM, Baibatarova MA, Budnikov GK, Fattakhova AN. Determination of Antidepressants Using Monoamine Oxidase Amperometric Biosensors Based on Screen-Printed Graphite Electrodes Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Ismail F, Adeloju SB, Moline AN. Fabrication of a Single Layer and Bilayer Potentiometric Biosensors for Penicillin by Galvanostatic Entrapment of Penicillinase into Polypyrrole Films. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
25
|
Biosensors, antibiotics and food. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 145:153-85. [PMID: 25216955 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43619-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are medicine's leading asset for fighting microbial infection, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the misuse of antibiotics has led to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria and the development of multiple resistant pathogens. Therefore, antibiotics are rapidly losing their antimicrobial value. The use of antibiotics in food production animals is strictly controlled by the European Union (EU). Veterinary use is regulated to prevent the spread of resistance. EU legislation establishes maximum residue limits for veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin and enforces the establishment and execution of national monitoring plans. Among samples selected for monitoring, suspected noncompliant samples are screened and then subjected to confirmatory analysis to establish the identity and concentration of the contaminant. Screening methods for antibiotic residues are typically based on microbiological growth inhibition, whereas physico-chemical methods are used for confirmatory analysis. This chapter discusses biosensors, especially whole-cell based biosensors, as emerging screening methods for antibiotic residues. Whole-cell biosensors can offer highly sensitive and specific detection of residues. Applications demonstrating quantitative analysis and specific analyte identification further improve their potential as screening methods.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ching CTS, Yong KK, Yao YD, Shen HT, Hsieh SM, Jheng DY, Sun TP, Shieh HL. A new approach for noninvasive transdermal determination of blood uric acid levels. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3069-76. [PMID: 25061289 PMCID: PMC4085317 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the most effective combination of physical forces from laser, electroporation, and reverse iontophoresis for noninvasive transdermal extraction of uric acid, and to develop a highly sensitive uric acid biosensor (UAB) for quantifying the uric acid extracted. It is believed that the combination of these physical forces has additional benefits for extraction of molecules other than uric acid from human skin. A diffusion cell with porcine skin was used to investigate the most effective combination of these physical forces. UABs coated with ZnO2 nanoparticles and constructed in an array configuration were developed in this study. The results showed that a combination of laser (0.7 W), electroporation (100 V/cm2), and reverse iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm2) was the most effective and significantly enhanced transdermal extraction of uric acid. A custom-designed UAB coated with ZnO2 nanoparticles and constructed in a 1×3 array configuration (UAB-1×3-ZnO2) demonstrated enough sensitivity (9.4 μA/mM) for quantifying uric acid extracted by the combined physical forces of laser, electroporation, and RI. A good linear relationship (R2=0.894) was demonstrated to exist between the concentration of uric acid (0.2–0.8 mM) inside the diffusion cell and the current response of the UAB-1×3-ZnO2. In conclusion, a new approach to noninvasive transdermal extraction and quantification of uric acid has been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congo Tak-Shing Ching
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kok-Khun Yong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Puli Christian Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yan-Dong Yao
- Division of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Community College, Hong Kong
| | - Huan-Ting Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Puli Christian Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shiu-Man Hsieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Puli Christian Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Deng-Yun Jheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Ping Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China ; Department of Electronic Engineering, Nan Kai University of Technology, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Li Shieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu Y, Tang L, Huang L, Han Z, Wang J, Pan H. A low detection limit penicillin biosensor based on single graphene nanosheets preadsorbed with hematein/ionic liquids/penicillinase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 39:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
McGrath TF, Campbell K, Fodey TL, O'Kennedy R, Elliott CT. An evaluation of the capability of a biolayer interferometry biosensor to detect low-molecular-weight food contaminants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2535-44. [PMID: 23338757 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The safety of our food is an essential requirement of society. One well-recognised threat is that of chemical contamination of our food, where low-molecular-weight compounds such as biotoxins, drug residues and pesticides are present. Low-cost, rapid screening procedures are sought to discriminate the suspect samples from the population, thus selecting only these to be forwarded for confirmatory analysis. Many biosensor assays have been developed as screening tools in food contaminant analysis, but these tend to be electrochemical, fluorescence or surface plasmon resonance based. An alternative approach is the use of biolayer interferometry, which has become established in drug discovery and life science studies but is only now emerging as a potential tool in the analysis of food contaminants. A biolayer interferometry biosensor was assessed using domoic acid as a model compound. Instrument repeatability was tested by simultaneously producing six calibration curves showing replicate repeatability (n = 2) ranging from 0.1 to 6.5 % CV with individual concentration measurements (n = 12) ranging from 4.3 to 9.3 % CV, giving a calibration curve midpoint of 7.5 ng/ml (2.3 % CV (n = 6)). Reproducibility was assessed by producing three calibration curves on different days, giving a midpoint of 7.5 ng/ml (3.4 %CV (n = 3)). It was further shown, using assay development techniques, that the calibration curve midpoint could be adjusted from 10.4 to 1.9 ng/ml by varying assay parameters before the simultaneous construction of three calibration curves in matrix and buffer. Sensitivity of the assay compared favourably with previously published biosensor data for domoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry F McGrath
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gamella M, Campuzano S, Conzuelo F, Esteban-Torres M, de las Rivas B, Reviejo AJ, Muñoz R, Pingarrón JM. An amperometric affinity penicillin-binding protein magnetosensor for the detection of β-lactam antibiotics in milk. Analyst 2013; 138:2013-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Voltammetric determination of penicillin V in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using a boron-doped diamond electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 88:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
32
|
Švorc Ľ, Sochr J, Tomčík P, Rievaj M, Bustin D. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and penicillin V by square-wave voltammetry at a bare boron-doped diamond electrode. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
McGrath TF, Elliott CT, Fodey TL. Biosensors for the analysis of microbiological and chemical contaminants in food. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:75-92. [PMID: 22278073 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Increases in food production and the ever-present threat of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources have led the food industry and regulators to pursue rapid, inexpensive methods of analysis to safeguard the health and safety of the consumer. Although sophisticated techniques such as chromatography and spectrometry provide more accurate and conclusive results, screening tests allow a much higher throughput of samples at a lower cost and with less operator training, so larger numbers of samples can be analysed. Biosensors combine a biological recognition element (enzyme, antibody, receptor) with a transducer to produce a measurable signal proportional to the extent of interaction between the recognition element and the analyte. The different uses of the biosensing instrumentation available today are extremely varied, with food analysis as an emerging and growing application. The advantages offered by biosensors over other screening methods such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescence immunoassay and luminescence immunoassay, with respect to food analysis, include automation, improved reproducibility, speed of analysis and real-time analysis. This article will provide a brief footing in history before reviewing the latest developments in biosensor applications for analysis of food contaminants (January 2007 to December 2010), focusing on the detection of pathogens, toxins, pesticides and veterinary drug residues by biosensors, with emphasis on articles showing data in food matrices. The main areas of development common to these groups of contaminants include multiplexing, the ability to simultaneously analyse a sample for more than one contaminant and portability. Biosensors currently have an important role in food safety; further advances in the technology, reagents and sample handling will surely reinforce this position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T F McGrath
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Biosensor applications in the field of antibiotic research--a review of recent developments. SENSORS 2011; 11:9450-66. [PMID: 22163705 PMCID: PMC3231281 DOI: 10.3390/s111009450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterials are among of the most important medications used in health care. However, their efficacy is increasingly impeded by a tremendous and globally spread bacterial resistance phenomenon. This bacterial resistance is accelerated by inadequate application of antibacterial drugs in humans, the widespread veterinary use of antibacterials, and antibacterial occurrence in the environment and food. Further, there is a lack of development of innovative novel drugs. Therefore, the search for novel antibacterials has to be intensified and the spread of antibacterials in the environment has to be restricted. Due to the fundamental progress in biosensor development and promising applications in the antibiotic field, this review gives for the first time an overview on the use and prospects of biosensor applications in that area. A number of reports have applied biosensors of different design and techniques to search for antibacterials in environmental and foodstuff matrices. These studies are discussed with respect to the analytical values and compared to conventional techniques. Furthermore, biosensor applications to elucidate the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs in vitro have been described. These studies were critically introduced referring to the informational value of those simulations. In summary, biosensors will be illustrated as an innovative and promising, although not yet comprehensively applied, technique in the antibacterial field.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hong CC, Wang CY, Peng KT, Chu IM. A microfluidic chip platform with electrochemical carbon nanotube electrodes for pre-clinical evaluation of antibiotics nanocapsules. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3620-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|