1
|
Ugulen HS, Flatabø R, Sultan MA, Hastings JT, Greve MM. Experimental and theoretical investigation of waveguided plasmonic surface lattice resonances. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:37846-37862. [PMID: 36258365 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures are good candidates for refractive index sensing applications through the surface plasmon resonance due to their strong dependence on the surrounding dielectric media. However, typically low quality-factor limits their application in sensing devices. To improve the quality-factor, we have experimentally and theoretically investigated two-dimensional gold nanoparticle gratings situated on top of a waveguide. The coupling between the localized surface plasmon and waveguide modes results in Fano-type resonances, with high quality-factors, very similar to plasmonic surface lattice resonances. By combining plasmonic surface lattice resonance and waveguide theory, we present a theoretical framework describing the structures. By immersing the fabricated samples in three different media we find a sensitivity of ∼50 nm/RIU and figure of merit of 8.9, and demonstrate good agreement with the theory presented. Further analysis show that the sensitivity is very dependent on the waveguide parameters, grating constant and the dielectric environment, and by tuning these parameters we obtain a theoretical sensitivity of 887 nm/RIU.
Collapse
|
2
|
Graphene-Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Vapor Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142473. [PMID: 35889696 PMCID: PMC9319566 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-covered silver nanoparticles were prepared directly on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates and characterized by atomic force microscopy. UV–Vis reflectance spectroscopy was used to measure the shift in the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) upon exposure to acetone, ethanol, 2-propanol, toluene, and water vapor. The optical responses were found to be substance-specific, as also demonstrated by principal component analysis. Point defects were introduced in the structure of the graphene overlayer by O2 plasma. The LSPR was affected by the plasma treatment, but it was completely recovered using subsequent annealing. It was found that the presence of defects increased the response for toluene and water while decreasing it for acetone.
Collapse
|
3
|
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene-Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204660. [PMID: 33086668 PMCID: PMC7603374 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) play important roles in the development of plasmonic applications. Combining these nanoparticles with graphene can yield hybrid materials with enhanced light–matter interaction. Here, we report a simple method for the synthesis of graphene–silver nanoparticle hybrids on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates. We demonstrate by scanning tunneling microscopy and local tunneling spectroscopy measurements the electrostatic n-type doping of graphene by contact with silver. We show by UV-Vis reflectance investigations that the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag NPs partially covered with graphene is preserved for at least three months, i.e., three times longer than the LSPR of bare Ag NPs. The gradual loss of LSPR is due to the spontaneous sulfurization of non-covered Ag NPs, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We show that the Ag NPs completely sandwiched between graphene and HOPG do not sulfurize, even after one year.
Collapse
|
4
|
Loiseau A, Asila V, Boitel-Aullen G, Lam M, Salmain M, Boujday S. Silver-Based Plasmonic Nanoparticles for and Their Use in Biosensing. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9020078. [PMID: 31185689 PMCID: PMC6627098 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of metallic nanoparticles is widely exploited for chemical and biological sensing. Selective biosensing of molecules using functionalized nanoparticles has become a major research interdisciplinary area between chemistry, biology and material science. Noble metals, especially gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles, exhibit unique and tunable plasmonic properties; the control over these metal nanostructures size and shape allows manipulating their LSPR and their response to the local environment. In this review, we will focus on Ag-based nanoparticles, a metal that has probably played the most important role in the development of the latest plasmonic applications, owing to its unique properties. We will first browse the methods for AgNPs synthesis allowing for controlled size, uniformity and shape. Ag-based biosensing is often performed with coated particles; therefore, in a second part, we will explore various coating strategies (organics, polymers, and inorganics) and their influence on coated-AgNPs properties. The third part will be devoted to the combination of gold and silver for plasmonic biosensing, in particular the use of mixed Ag and AuNPs, i.e., AgAu alloys or Ag-Au core@shell nanoparticles will be outlined. In the last part, selected examples of Ag and AgAu-based plasmonic biosensors will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Loiseau
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Victoire Asila
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Master de Chimie, Profil MatNanoBio, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel Boitel-Aullen
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Master de Chimie, Profil MatNanoBio, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Mylan Lam
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Master de Chimie, Profil MatNanoBio, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Souhir Boujday
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7197, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du X, Zhou J. Application of biosensors to detection of epidemic diseases in animals. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:444-448. [PMID: 29730246 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemic diseases are the leading cause of animal mortality, resulting in significant losses to the agricultural economy. These economic impacts have generated a strong interest in advancing methods for the diagnosis and control of epidemic diseases in animals. Conventional methods are often time-consuming (typically result is available in 2-10 days), expensive, and require both large-scale equipment and experienced personnel. However, the advent of biosensor technology has ushered in a new and promising approach for the diagnosis of animal diseases. With advantages that include simplicity, real -time analysis, high sensitivity, miniaturization, rapid detection time, and low cost, biosensor technologies are under active development for the diagnosis of epidemic diseases in animals. Here, we summarize recent developments in biological sensing technologies used to detect infectious viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. Additionally, we discuss research challenges and future prospects for this field of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China..
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Zhang Q, Ma T, Liu Q, Wu S, Hua K, Zhang C, Chen M, Cui Y. Enhanced Stability of Gold Magnetic Nanoparticles with Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid): Tailored Optical Properties for Protein Detection. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:547. [PMID: 28948523 PMCID: PMC5612896 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold magnetic nanoparticles (GoldMag) have attracted great attention due to their unique physical and chemical performances combining those of individual Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles. Coating GoldMag with polymers not only increases the stability of the composite particles suspended in buffer but also plays a key role for establishing point-of-care optical tests for clinically relevant biomolecules. In the present paper, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSS-MA), a negatively charged polyelectrolyte with both sulfonate and carboxylate anionic groups, was used to coat the positively charged GoldMag (30 nm) surface. The PSS-MA-coated GoldMag complex has a stable plasmon resonance adsorption peak at 544 nm. A pair of anti-D-dimer antibodies has been coupled on this GoldMag composite nanoparticle surface, and a target protein, D-dimer was detected, in the range of 0.3-6 μg/mL. The shift of the characteristic peak, caused by the assembly of GoldMag due to the formation of D-dimer-antibody sandwich bridges, allowed the detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
- College of Agricultural, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Qinlu Zhang
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Ting Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Songdi Wu
- No. 1 Hospital of Xi’an City, Xi’an, 710068 China
| | - Kai Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Yali Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fu LS, Wang WS, Xu CY, Li Y, Zhen L. Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Pressure-Responsive Films Based on The Orientation Dependence of Plasmonic Properties of Ag@Au Nanoplates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1676. [PMID: 28490752 PMCID: PMC5431991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pressure-responsive polymer composite film was developed based on Ag@Au composite nanoplates (NPLs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by using Au nanoparticles as concentration reference. The orientation change of Ag@Au NPLs is impelled by the deformation of polymer matrix under pressure, resulting in its localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) intensity change of in-plane dipolar peak. The intensity ratio between plasmon peak of Au nanoparticles and in-plane dipolar peak of Ag@Au NPLs relies on the intensity and duration of pressure. By adjusting the viscosity of the polymer, the orientation change of LSPR may respond to a wide range of stresses. This pressure sensitive film can be utilized to record the magnitude and distribution of pressure between two contacting surfaces via optical information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shun Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Shou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chi X, Wang Y, Gao J, Liu Q, Sui N, Zhu J, Li X, Yang H, Zou L, Kou J, Zhang H. Study of photoluminescence characteristics of CdSe quantum dots hybridized with Cu nanowires. LUMINESCENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Chi
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jiechao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Qinghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ning Sui
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jinyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - XueCong Li
- Department of Physics; Tianjin Polytechnic University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Haigui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology; Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130033 China
| | - Lu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jun Kou
- Beijing Institude of Aerospace Control Devices; Beijing 100000 China
| | - Hanzhuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education); College of Physics, Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen S, Zhao Q, Liu F, Huang H, Wang L, Yi S, Zeng Y, Chen Y. Ultrasensitive Determination of Copper in Complex Biological Media Based on Modulation of Plasmonic Properties of Gold Nanorods. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9142-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401789n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenna Chen
- Laboratory of
Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Laboratory of
Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Laboratory of
Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Haowen Huang
- Laboratory of
Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Linqian Wang
- Department of
Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shoujun Yi
- Laboratory of
Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yunlong Zeng
- Laboratory of
Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of
Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang L, Casas J, Venkataramasubramani M. Magnetic nanoparticle mediated enhancement of localized surface plasmon resonance for ultrasensitive bioanalytical assay in human blood plasma. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1431-9. [PMID: 23267460 DOI: 10.1021/ac302422k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) can greatly enhance the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanoparticle. The high refractive index and molecular weight of the Fe(3)O(4) MNPs make them a powerful enhancer for plasmonic response to biological binding events, thereby enabling a significant improvement in the sensitivity, reliability, dynamic range, and calibration linearity for LSPR assay of small molecules in a trace amount. Rather than using fluorescence spectroscopy or magnetic resonance imaging, this study marks the first use of the label-free LSPR nanosensor for a disease biomarker in physiological solutions, providing a low cost, clinical-oriented detection. This facile and ultrasensitive nanosensor with an extremely light, robust, and low-cost instrument is attractive for miniaturization on a lab-on-a-chip system to deliver point-of-care medical diagnostics. To further evaluate the practical application of Fe(3)O(4) MNPs in the enhancement of LSPR assay, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for myocardial infarction diagnosis was used as a model protein to be detected by a gold nanorod (GNR) bioprobe. MNP-captured cTnI molecules resulted in spectral responses up to 6-fold higher than direct cTnI adsorption on the GNR sensor. The detection limit (LOD) was lowered to ca. 30 pM for plasma samples which is 3 orders lower than a comparable study. To the best of our knowledge, this marks the lowest LOD for a real plasma protein detection based on label-free LSPR shift without complicated instrumentation. The observed LSPR sensing enhancement by Fe(3)O(4) MNPs is independent of nonspecific binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang H, Liu F, Huang S, Yuan S, Liao B, Yi S, Zeng Y, Chu PK. Sensitive and simultaneous detection of different disease markers using multiplexed gold nanorods. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 755:108-14. [PMID: 23146401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A multiplexed bioanalytical assay is produced by incorporating two types of gold nanorods (GNRs). Besides retaining the desirable features of common GNRs LSPR sensors, this sensor is easy to fabricate and requires only a visible-NIR spectrometer for detection. This assay can simultaneously detect different acceptor-ligand pairs by choosing the proper GNRs possessing various LPWs in a wide detection wavelength range and can be developed into a high-throughput detection method. This bioanalytical assay allows easy detection of human serum specimens infected by S. japonicum and tuberculosis (TB) from human serum specimens (human serum/Tris-HCl buffer ratio=1:10(4)) without the need for sample pretreatment. The technique is very sensitive compared to other standard methods such as indirect hemagglutination assays (IHA) that require a serum concentration ratio of larger than 1:20 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) requiring a ratio larger than 1:100. This methodology can be readily extended to other immunoassays to realize wider diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu L, Burkey G, Halaciuga I, Goia DV. Core-shell gold/silver nanoparticles: synthesis and optical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 392:90-95. [PMID: 23127875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly dispersed gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized in a two-step process. The stabilizer-free gold core particles with an average diameter of ~30 nm were first precipitated by rapid reduction of HAuCl(4) with l-ascorbic acid. Thin continuous silver shells of variable thickness were subsequently obtained by reducing controlled amounts of silver nitrate added in the gold sol. The plasmon band of gold gradually blue-shifted and a peak characteristic for silver eventually emerged as the amount of deposited silver increased. A strong and well-defined silver absorption band was recorded when the Ag content exceeded 60 wt.%. It is shown that the concentration of Cl(-) ions in the gold precursor solution plays a critical role in the stability of the bi-metallic sol and the structure of the deposited silver shell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5814, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Burkey
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5814, USA
| | - Ionel Halaciuga
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5814, USA
| | - Dan V Goia
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vigderman L, Khanal BP, Zubarev ER. Functional gold nanorods: synthesis, self-assembly, and sensing applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4811-41, 5014. [PMID: 22740090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have received much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties which are dependent on their shape, size, and aspect ratio. This article covers in detail the synthesis, functionalization, self-assembly, and sensing applications of gold nanorods. The synthesis of three major types of rods is discussed: single-crystalline and pentahedrally-twinned rods, which are synthesized by wet chemistry methods, and polycrystalline rods, which are synthesized by templated deposition. Functionalization of these rods is usually necessary for their applications, but can often be problematic due to their surfactant coating. Thus, general strategies are provided for the covalent and noncovalent functionalization of gold nanorods. The review will then examine the significant progress that has been made in controllable assembly of nanorods into various arrangements. This assembly can have a large effect on measurable properties of rods, making it particularly applicable towards sensing of a variety of analytes. Other types of sensing not dependent on nanorod assembly, such as refractive-index based sensing, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Vigderman
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|