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Fang T, Bo G, Zhang Z, Ma J. Real-Time Underway Mapping of Nutrient Concentrations of Surface Seawater Using an Autonomous Flow Analyzer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11307-11314. [PMID: 35917455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency field nutrient analyzers offer a promising technology to solve time-consuming and laborious sampling problems in dynamic and complex river-estuarine-coastal ecosystems. However, few studies on the simultaneous underway analysis of five key nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) in seawaters are available because of the limitations of the technique. In this study, a state-of-the-art autonomous portable analyzer for the shipboard analysis of nutrients in the environment of varied salinities and concentration ranges was reported. The analyzer consisted of compact hardware that was well suited for shipboard deployment with minimal maintenance. Moreover, a novel LabVIEW-based software program was developed, containing additional functions such as automated calibration curve generation, autodilution of high-concentration samples, and a user-friendly interface for multiparameter analysis using a single instrument. After the optimization of chemical reactions and work flow chart, the analyzer exhibited low limits of detection, a large linear range with automated dilution, and relative standard deviations of less than 2% (n = 11). Compared to other flow-based techniques, this analyzer is more portable and consumes less reagent with an autonomous data processing function and applicability within a broad salinity range (0-35). The analyzer was successfully applied for real-time analysis in the Jiulong River Estuary-Xiamen Bay with excellent on-site accuracy and applicability. The relationship between high spatial resolution nutrient concentrations and salinities showed very different patterns in estuarine and coastal areas, indicating the benefit of using an underway automated analyzer for chemical mapping in a dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
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Phansi P, Janthama S, Cerdà V, Nacapricha D. Determination of phosphorus in water and chemical fertilizer samples using a simple drawing microfluidic paper-based analytical device. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1323-1332. [PMID: 35876988 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple one-step drawing for the cost-effective fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) for the determination of phosphate content in water and fertilizer samples is presented in this paper. The hydrophobic barrier of µPAD was patterned using a 2-mm tip marker pen using a transparent acrylic sheet template. The molybdenum blue reaction using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent was used. A pre-concentration step of samples is proposed to improve the sensitivity of the measurement. The blue complex produced on the µPADs was recorded using a smartphone camera. The color intensities (red, green, blue and gray) were analyzed using ImageJ program. The proposed µPAD method provides a linear calibration range from 0 to 100 mg L-1 P. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.7 mg L-1 P with a precision of 3.1%RSD for 50 mg L-1 P (n = 10). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of phosphorus contents in water and liquid chemical fertilizer samples. The results obtained from µPAD agreed with a spectrophotometric method using paired t test at a 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawan Phansi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thepsatri Rajabhat University, Lopburi, 15000, Thailand.
| | - Sirinthip Janthama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thepsatri Rajabhat University, Lopburi, 15000, Thailand
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Sciware System, 07193, Bunyola, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Deng L, Ouyang B. Retrieval of water quality parameters from hyperspectral images using a hybrid feedback deep factorization machine model. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117618. [PMID: 34508952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental protection of water resources is of critical importance to daily life of human beings. In recent years, monitoring the variation of water quality using remote sensing techniques has become prevalent. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing techniques have been applied to quantitative retrieval of concentrations of water quality parameters including phosphorus, nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), successfully and efficiently. In this study, a novel method with deep factorization machine, spatial distribution pattern analysis, and probabilistic analysis engaged, named hybrid feedback deep factorization machine (HF-DFM), has been developed to quantitatively estimate concentrations of water quality parameters based on hyperspectral reflectance data on large scale effectively. Our proposed method is a unified model for quantifying concentrations of water quality parameters with an end to end structure, which integrates UAV based optical remote sensing techniques and deep learning to estimate concentrations of water quality parameters. Furthermore, our proposed model was applied to real-time quantitative monitoring the variation of water quality of Mazhou River, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Finally, we evaluate the performance of proposed model on a real-world dataset in terms of root of mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art models with respect to RMSE, MAPE, and R2, where resulting MAPEs for quantifying all water quality parameters range from 8.78% to 12.36%, and resulting R2s range from 0.81 to 0.93. It can serve as a useful tool for decision makers in effectively monitoring water quality of urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Zhang
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lun Wu
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Licui Deng
- Shenzhen Huahan Technology Company, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Shenzhen Huahan Technology Company, Shenzhen 518057, China
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4
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Ferreira FT, Mesquita LS, Mesquita RB, Rangel AO. Improved sequential injection method for phosphate quantification within a wide dynamic range with in-line pre-concentration to monitor soil leachates. TALANTA OPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract
In this work, the possibility of flow coulometry application as coulometric titration was studied. The method was used to analyze phosphates in wastewater samples. The principle of the determination consisted in the formation of molybdophosphate and its subsequent one-electron electrolytic reduction. The present method is applicable under optimal conditions in the concentration range of 1.5 × 10−6 to 5.5 × 10−5 mol/dm3. Detection limit of the method is 3.42 × 10−7 mol/dm3. Mineralization step has been proved a problem in total phosphate content determination. If mineralization was not carried out, only inorganic soluble phosphates were determined. It is a new method characterized by its simplicity of instrumentation and handling, which is a prerequisite for its further use in the field of trace analysis.
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Yang Z, Li C, Zhang Z, Lu G, Cai Z, Cao W. Development of an In Situ Analyzer Based on Sequential Injection Analysis and Liquid Waveguide Capillary Flow Cell for the Determination of Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus in Natural Waters. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102967. [PMID: 32456264 PMCID: PMC7288038 DOI: 10.3390/s20102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an innovative technique for the in situ analysis of aquatic biochemical elements detected through wet chemical processes. A new compact in situ phosphate analyzer based on sequential injection analysis, liquid waveguide capillary flow cell and spectrophotometry was developed, and a safe and modular electronics-chemical separation mechanical structure was designed. The sequential injection system of this analyzer was optimized, and the major functions of this analyzer were studied and estimated. With a 10 cm liquid waveguide capillary flow cell and a 6.3 min time cost of detection, the analyzer reaches a detection limit of 1.4 μg·L−1 (≈14.7 nM, [PO43−]) and a consumption of 23 μL at most for each reagent. This analyzer was operated in situ and online during two scientific research cruises in the Pearl River Estuary and northern South China Sea. The advantages of this analyzer include its simple versatile manifold, full automation, low chemical consumption and electronics-chemical separate safe structure. Long-term in situ performance of this analyzer will be validated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhenzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Guixin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Zifeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenxi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
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Exploitation of reaction mechanisms for sensitivity enhancement in the determination of phosphorus by sequential injection analysis. Talanta 2019; 209:120589. [PMID: 31892016 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The molybdenum blue method using antimony and ascorbic acid was studied for the determination of phosphorus (as orthophosphate) by means of sequential injection analysis (SIA). In order to avoid the interference of the Schlieren effect in the photometric measurements a stopped-flow kinetic approach was adopted monitoring the absorbance of the reaction bolus inside the flow cell. Aiming at enhancing the sensitivity of the method, the effect of the order of addition of the reactants was studied. It was found that the best sensitivity was attained by adding separate reagents and acidifying only after the phosphate, molybdate and antimony solutions were already mixed; the reductant (ascorbic acid) was then added. In this way a sensitivity enhancement in excess of 10 times was obtained when compared to the addition of the phosphate solution to the acidified mixture of molybdate and antimony. It is proposed that the difference in sensitivities could be explained by the existence of different mechanisms for the formation of the intermediate phosphoantimonyl molybdic acid (PMA). Thus the selected sequence in the order of addition, where sulphuric acid is added to the mixture of the other reactants would lead to higher production of PMA in turn conducting to a faster reduction reaction. The resulting SIA method was validated finding limits of detection (3s/m) and quantification (10s/m) of 0.0077 and 0.026 mg-P L-1 respectively. Linearity was confirmed in the range up to 2 mg-P L-1. Precisions (sr, n = 10) were in the range 1.8%-4.0%. 32 water samples of different types and origins were analysed by the proposed method and by ion chromatography, obtaining a regression curve y = 0.990× - 0.0019, with a determination coefficient R2 = 0.973.
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Zhang J, Bian Y, Liu D, Zhu Z, Shao Y, Li M. Detection of Phosphate in Human Blood Based on a Catalytic Hydrogen Wave at a Molybdenum Phosphide Modified Electrode. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14666-14671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yixuan Bian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meixian Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Fang T, Li P, Lin K, Chen N, Jiang Y, Chen J, Yuan D, Ma J. Simultaneous underway analysis of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine and coastal waters using an automated integrated syringe-pump-based environmental-water analyzer. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1076:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Clinton-Bailey GS, Grand MM, Beaton AD, Nightingale AM, Owsianka DR, Slavik GJ, Connelly DP, Cardwell CL, Mowlem MC. A Lab-on-Chip Analyzer for in Situ Measurement of Soluble Reactive Phosphate: Improved Phosphate Blue Assay and Application to Fluvial Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9989-9995. [PMID: 28771345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a new in situ microfluidic phosphate sensor that features an improved "phosphate blue" assay which includes polyvinylpyrrolidone in place of traditional surfactants-improving sensitivity and reducing temperature effects. The sensor features greater power economy and analytical performance relative to commercially available alternatives, with a mean power consumption of 1.8 W, a detection limit of 40 nM, a dynamic range of 0.14-10 μM, and an infield accuracy of 4 ± 4.5%. During field testing, the sensor was continuously deployed for 9 weeks in a chalk stream, revealing complex relations between flow rates and phosphate concentration that suggest changing dominance in phosphate sources. A distinct diel phosphorus signal was observed under low flow conditions, highlighting the ability of the sensor to decouple geochemical and biotic effects on phosphate dynamics in fluvial environments. This paper highlights the importance of high resolution in situ sensors in addressing the current gross under-sampling of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxime M Grand
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adrian M Nightingale
- Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David R Owsianka
- National Oceanography Centre , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Slavik
- National Oceanography Centre , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas P Connelly
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew C Mowlem
- National Oceanography Centre , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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Ribas TC, Tóth IV, Rangel AO. A solid phase extraction flow injection spectrophotometric method for the zinc determination in plants. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Duffy G, Regan F. Recent developments in sensing methods for eutrophying nutrients with a focus on automation for environmental applications. Analyst 2017; 142:4355-4372. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review focusing on eutrophying nutrient monitoring using autonomous sensors, including novel analysis methods, standard analysis methods and state-of-the-art sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Duffy
- Water Institute
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin
- Ireland
| | - F. Regan
- Water Institute
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin
- Ireland
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Kaewwonglom N, Jakmunee J. Sequential injection system with multi-parameter analysis capability for water quality measurement. Talanta 2015; 144:755-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Air segmented amplitude modulated multiplexed flow analysis with software-based phase recognition: determination of phosphate ion. Talanta 2013; 118:123-8. [PMID: 24274279 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amplitude modulated multiplexed flow analysis (AMMFA) has been improved by introducing air segmentation and software-based phase recognition. Sample solutions, the flow rates of which are respectively varied at different frequencies, are merged. Air is introduced to the merged liquid stream in order to limit the dispersion of analytes within each liquid segment separated by air bubbles. The stream is led to a detector with no physical deaeration. Air signals are distinguished from liquid signals through the analysis of detector output signals, and are suppressed down to the level of liquid signals. Resulting signals are smoothed based on moving average computation. Thus processed signals are analyzed by fast Fourier transform. The analytes in the samples are respectively determined from the amplitudes of the corresponding wave components obtained. The developed system has been applied to the simultaneous determinations of phosphate ions in water samples by a Malachite Green method. The linearity of the analytical curve (0.0-31.0 μmol dm(-3)) is good (r(2)>0.999) and the detection limit (3.3 σ) at the modulation period of 30s is 0.52 μmol dm(-3). Good recoveries around 100% have been obtained for phosphate ions spiked into real water samples.
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Flow injection analysis as a tool for enhancing oceanographic nutrient measurements—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 803:15-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ribeiro MFT, Couto CMCM, Conceição PMM, Santos JLM. An Automated Multi-Pumping Pulsed Flow System with Spectrophotometric Detection for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural Waters. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.703273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Santos IC, Mesquita RB, Machado A, Bordalo AA, Rangel AO. Sequential injection methodology for carbon speciation in bathing waters. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 778:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bartolommei G, Moncelli MR, Tadini-Buoninsegni F. A method to measure hydrolytic activity of adenosinetriphosphatases (ATPases). PLoS One 2013; 8:e58615. [PMID: 23472215 PMCID: PMC3589382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of small amounts (nanomoles) of inorganic phosphate has a great interest in biochemistry. In particular, phosphate detection is useful to evaluate the rate of hydrolysis of phosphatases, that are enzymes able to remove phosphate from their substrate by hydrolytic cleavage. The hydrolysis rate is correlated to enzyme activity, an extremely important functional parameter. Among phosphatases there are the cation transporting adenosinetriphosphatases (ATPases), that produce inorganic phosphate by cleavage of the γ-phosphate of ATP. These membrane transporters have many fundamental physiological roles and are emerging as potential drug targets. ATPase hydrolytic activity is measured to test enzyme functionality, but it also provides useful information on possible inhibitory effects of molecules that interfere with the hydrolytic process. We have optimized a molybdenum-based protocol that makes use of potassium antimony (III) oxide tartrate (originally employed for phosphate detection in environmental analysis) to allow its use with phosphatase enzymes. In particular, the method was successfully applied to native and recombinant ATPases to demonstrate its reliability, validity, sensitivity and versatility. Our method introduces significant improvements to well-established experimental assays, which are currently employed for ATPase activity measurements. Therefore, it may be valuable in biochemical and biomedical investigations of ATPase enzymes, in combination with more specific tests, as well as in high throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bartolommei
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Páscoa RN, Tóth IV, Rangel AO. Review on recent applications of the liquid waveguide capillary cell in flow based analysis techniques to enhance the sensitivity of spectroscopic detection methods. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 739:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This paper highlights the importance of the collection of data that is of suitable quality and of appropriate frequency and/or spatial intensity for the monitoring of aquatic systems. The advantages of automated techniques, such as flow analysis, in monitoring are emphasized, as is the selection of parameters that address the objectives of monitoring. The potential of nascent microfluidic and paper-based analytical techniques as tools for water quality monitoring is examined.
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Application of Mid- and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Control and Chemical Evaluation of Brine Solutions and Traditional Sea Salts. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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