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Flores L, Hargrave S, Clifford A, Alarcio G, Moeller BC. Detection of doping peptides and basic drugs in equine urine using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:406-419. [PMID: 37548131 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of prohibited agents including peptides and basic small-molecule drugs is an area of great concern in horseracing due to their high potential to act as doping agents. These compound classes include agents such as growth hormone-releasing peptides, peptide analgesics, beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonists, and quaternary ammonium drugs that can be challenging to detect and regulate because of their chemical properties and potential rapid elimination following administration. The use of highly sensitive and selective analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is necessary to provide coverage of these substances and their potential metabolites. This study describes the development and validation of methodology capable of the detection of over 50 different peptide-based doping agents, related secretagogues, quaternary ammonium drugs, and other challenging small molecules in equine urine following solid-phase extraction using a mixed mode weak cation exchange sorbent. Following sample extraction, the compounds were analyzed using LC-MS with chromatographic separation via a reverse phase gradient and detection via selective reaction monitoring following introduction to a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer using positive mode electrospray ionization. Validation parameters including limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, linear range, recovery, stability, and matrix effects were determined. Briefly, the limits of detection for most compounds were in the sub-ng/mL ranges with adequate precision and accuracy sufficient for an initial testing procedure. Stability studies indicated that most compounds were sufficiently stable to allow for effective screening using conditions commonly utilized in drug testing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Flores
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sabine Hargrave
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amel Clifford
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gwendolyne Alarcio
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Benjamin C Moeller
- KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Erkol S, Güleli M, Çalışkan C, Kocaoba S. Simultaneous quantification of tiotropium bromide impurities G + H in capsule formulation by LC-MS/MS. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2024; 30:76-83. [PMID: 38037337 DOI: 10.1177/14690667231217879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Tiotropium Bromide is a long-acting bronchodilator that is used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma bronchodilator or bronchiolitis, which are substances that expand the bronchi and reduce resistance in the respiratory tract and increase airflow to the lungs. For Tiotropium Bromide found in inhaler capsules to treat COPD, determining the relevant impurities G and H, which are not UV active, is crucial. For this purpose, a new and sensitive liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection with electrospray ionization by using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive mode method was developed and validated. The identity of the compounds was supported by using LC-Q/TOF. All chromatographic studies were performed with a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm) column with a total injection time of 13 min at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min as a gradient. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the current study range were determined as 1.0 ppb and 2.5 ppb, respectively. The results of the validation parameters following the ICH Q2(R1) guideline were determined within the acceptance criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Erkol
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Müge Güleli
- R&D Center, World Medicine İlaç San. Tic. A.Ş, Bağcılar, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cem Çalışkan
- R&D Center, World Medicine İlaç San. Tic. A.Ş, Bağcılar, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sevgi Kocaoba
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Türkiye
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3
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Lin D, He Y, Dong R, Li W, Meng F, Zhang Y, Yang L. The rapid SERS detection of succinylcholine chloride in human plasma is based on the high affinity between quaternary ammonium salt structures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120172. [PMID: 34273893 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Succinylcholine chloride (SCC) is a common poison that threatens human life. At present, there is a lack of research on its on-site rapid detection methods. In this work, the use of gold nanorods as an enhanced substrate based on the high affinity between the quaternary ammonium salt structure can achieve rapid SERS detection of SCC in plasma. The long alkane chain structure of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the quaternary ammonium salt structure of SCC have a high molecular affinity, so that the target molecule can show a strong and obvious characteristic signal of SERS. Combined with a simple pretreatment method, acetonitrile is used as a protein precipitation agent to effectively remove matrix interference. The constructed SERS substrate can achieve the sensitive detection of 2 × 10-8 M level of SCC in plasma samples and has high detection reproducibility. The entire pre-processing and testing process can be completed within 7 min, which can be used as an important technical basis for the preliminary identification of on-site SCC-related drug cases. The research results provide an effective solution for the establishment of SCC analysis strategies in complex matrices, and can provide new ideas for solving the problems of difficult identification of common poisons in the field and the lack of rapid detection methods on site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Lin
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031,China
| | - Yao He
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ronglu Dong
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Liangbao Yang
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031,China.
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4
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You Y, Proctor RM, Guo K, Li X, Xue E, Guan F, Robinson MA. Use of high resolution/accurate mass full scan/data-dependent acquisition for targeted/non-targeted screening in equine doping control. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1565-1575. [PMID: 33710179 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a very powerful technology for equine doping control analysis. The more recently developed hybrid type of Orbitrap-based HRMS instrument allows for both targeted and non-targeted screening analyses in a single liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) run. In the present study, an LC-HRMS/MS method was developed and validated to detect prohibited substances in equine sports. The substances were recovered from equine plasma by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using methyl tert-butyl ether and were separated on a C18 reversed-phase column using mobile phases of 5 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile. A 7.5 min LC gradient was employed to elute substances and results indicated that the LC method generated sharp and symmetric chromatographic peaks. An in-house equine doping compound database and a spectral library were built to increase method specificity for substances of interest. Five criteria, i.e. accurate mass, retention time, isotope pattern, selected HRMS/MS fragment ions (compound database) and HRMS/MS spectra (spectral library), were employed for targeted screening. We utilized these criteria to validate targeted detection of 451 substances within our in-house equine doping compound database. By using all five criteria in screening, the false screening positive rate is significantly reduced. A screening strategy and a Microsoft Excel macro were developed to facilitate interpretation and reporting of results. As the simultaneous acquisition of the full scan HRMS data provides the opportunity for retrospective non-targeted analysis, our findings highlight the use of this novel methodology as a simple, rapid, and reliably reproducible strategy to meet the challenge of identifying an increasing number of doping substances that could potentially impact the integrity of the horse racing community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen You
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center Campus, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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5
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Arachchilage IHAM, Basi J, Islam S, Harmon JP. Synthesis and characterization of novel laccol based polyurethanes. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Basi
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Shahedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Julie P. Harmon
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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6
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Liu S, Zhang B, Shi M, Wang H, Fu Y. Simultaneous determination of succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal-derived foods by solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8888. [PMID: 32656937 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Succinylcholine has been increasingly used in the theft of animals. Because of the presence of residual levels of succinylcholine in poisoned animals, it is harmful for people to eat foods derived from these animals. Therefore, a method should be immediately established to determine succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal-derived foods. METHODS A fast, highly sensitive method, combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS/MS), was developed for the determination of succinylcholine and its metabolite in animal-derived foods. The sample was initially extracted with heptafluorobutyric acid and then further cleaned up using an SPE cartridge. Succinylcholine and its metabolite were separated using acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid in 5 mmol L-1 ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Quantitative results were based on positive ion ESI multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS The results show good linearity over a wide range with correlation coefficients of determination of more than 0.998. Both the limits of detection of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine are 0.2 μg kg-1 . The intra- and inter-day accuracies of the method are in the range 91.4%-104.6%, and the intra- and inter-day precisions are in the range 2.5%-6.6%. CONCLUSIONS This method can be used for the determination of succinylcholine as an illicit drug in animal-derived foods. It was successfully applied to the identification and quantification of succinylcholine and succinylmonocholine in animal-derived foods collected from a local farmers market in Jilin Province of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
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7
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Leung DKK, Wong ASY, Zhou QL, Wan TSM, Ho ENM. Application of a non-target variable data independent workflow (vDIA) for the screening of prohibited substances in doping control testing. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:1008-1033. [PMID: 32568425 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A non-target variable Data Independent Acquisition (vDIA) workflow based on accurate mass measurements using a Q Exactive OrbiTrap is presented for the first time for equine doping control testing. The vDIA workflow uses a combination of MS1 events (1 to 2) and multiple vDIA events to cover the analytes of interest. The workflow basically captures a digital image of a sample allowing all relevant MS1 and MS2 data to be recorded. In theory, the workflow can accommodate an unlimited number of analytes as long as they are amenable to the sample extraction protocol and fall within the mass limits of the workflow. Additional targets fulfilling the above requirements can be added without changing any settings. The performance of the vDIA workflow was illustrated by applying it to two screening methods in horse urine, with one workflow covering 331 basic drugs and the other covering 45 quaternary ammonium drugs (QADs). Both screening methods have good detection sensitivity with 84% of the basic drugs having Limits of Detection (LoDs) of ≤ 1 ng/mL and 84% of the QADs having LoDs of ≤ 0.4 ng/mL. Other method characteristics including retention reproducibility, method precision and false hit rate will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K K Leung
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - April S Y Wong
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Q L Zhou
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence S M Wan
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmie N M Ho
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
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8
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Arachchilage IHAM, Patel MK, Harmon JP. Synthesizing radiation‐hard polymer and copolymers using
laccol
monomers extracted from lacquer tree
toxicodendron succedanea
via cationic polymerization. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milly K. Patel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620
| | - Julie P. Harmon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620
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9
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Kim Y, Jeon M, Min H, Son J, Lee J, Kwon OS, Moon MH, Kim KH. Development of a multi-functional concurrent assay using weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti-doping analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:897-905. [PMID: 29572989 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In addition to the development of adequate screening methods for multiple compounds, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) requires anti-doping laboratories to analyze prohibited substances and their metabolites from various classes. This task presents a difficult challenge for all agencies and interests involved in the field of doping control. METHODS A screening method is reported in which hybrid sample preparation was performed using a combination of weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) and the 'Dilute and Shoot' strategy in order to take advantage of both the methodologies. Target substances were extracted using a WCX cartridge and reconstituted with a diluted sample aliquot that included 20% of an untreated urine sample. The target substances were further analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS The SPE procedure was optimized using a cartridge-washing step, elution conditions, and elution volume. The cartridge-washing step, which was performed using 10% methanol, improved the overall recovery of target substances. Since the recovery was observed to vary according to the pH of the eluting solution, we applied an elution step using both an acid and a basic organic solvent to achieve complementary recovery. Reconstitution of the diluted aliquot sample was performed to recover the polar substances. CONCLUSIONS The method was validated and applied to real samples in accordance with the external quality assessment scheme of WADA and to the previously reported samples that had provided positive test results. This novel method using hybrid sample preparation and LC/MS could be useful to screen multiple classes of the 264 targeted substances in anti-doping analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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10
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van Boxtel N, Wolfs K, Palacín MG, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Headspace gas chromatography based methodology for the analysis of aromatic substituted quaternary ammonium salts. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1476:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Lee J, Kim MJ, Kim MH, Doh JM, Hahn HG, Lee Y. Characterization of traditional Korean lacquers using surface analytical techniques. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science & Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science & Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Man-Ho Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science & Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Jung-Mann Doh
- Interface Control Research Center; Korea Institute of Science & Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Hoh-Gyu Hahn
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center; Korea Institute of Science & Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Yeonhee Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science & Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
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12
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Gorynski K, Bojko B, Kluger M, Jerath A, Wąsowicz M, Pawliszyn J. Development of SPME method for concomitant sample preparation of rocuronium bromide and tranexamic acid in plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:183-92. [PMID: 24525565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput method using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-LC-MS/MS) for determination of tranexamic acid and rocuronium bromide in human plasma was developed and validated. Standard analytical approaches employ acidification of the sample due to the instability of rocuronium bromide in collected plasma samples. However, acidification affects the binding equilibrium of the drug and consequently no information on the free/bound concentration can be obtained. Contrary to these protocols, the proposed method requires minimum sample handling and no ion pairing and/or derivatization procedure. A weak cation exchange coating was chosen as the best extracting phase for selected drugs, guaranteed a good recovery, minimum carry-over, reusability and reproducibility. SPME procedure met all Food and Drug Administration acceptance criteria for bioanalytical assays at three concentration levels, for both selected drugs. Post-extraction addition experiments showed that matrix effect was less than ±3%. Here, a weak cation exchange thin-film solid-phase microextraction (WCX TF-SPME) approach is presented, offering effective cleanup procedure and full quantitation of the drugs in plasma, undoubtedly one the most challenging matrices with regards to its complexity. In addition, the 96-well plate format of WCX TF-SPME system provides considerable advantages, such as high throughput analysis for up to 96 samples in 35min (22s/sample), requirement of small amounts of plasma samples (0.8mL), and a simple sample preparation protocol, all of which shows a promise for possible on-site application in hospitals to monitor concentrations of the drugs in close to real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gorynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michael Kluger
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Angela Jerath
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4; Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcin Wąsowicz
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4; Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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13
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Cao D, Li W, Zhao X, Ye X, Sun F, Li J, Song F, Fan G. Development and validation of a rapid and high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of neostigmine in small-volume beagle dog plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:354-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- Department of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 280 Outer Ring East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; No. 1 Huatuo Road, Shangjie Town Park, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Ye
- Department of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 280 Outer Ring East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlu Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Li
- Xuhui Central Hospital of Shanghai; No.966 Huaihai Road Shanghai 200031 People's Republic of China
| | - Fenyun Song
- Department of Pharmacy; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 280 Outer Ring East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research; No. 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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14
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Ho ENM, Kwok WH, Wong ASY, Wan TSM. High resolution accurate mass screening of prohibited substances in equine plasma using liquid chromatography - Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2012; 5:509-28. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmie N. M. Ho
- Racing Laboratory; The Hong Kong Jockey Club; Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin; N.T.; Hong Kong, China
| | - W. H. Kwok
- Racing Laboratory; The Hong Kong Jockey Club; Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin; N.T.; Hong Kong, China
| | - April S. Y. Wong
- Racing Laboratory; The Hong Kong Jockey Club; Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin; N.T.; Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence S. M. Wan
- Racing Laboratory; The Hong Kong Jockey Club; Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin; N.T.; Hong Kong, China
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