1
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Liu Q, Chen K, Xu X, Zhang Q, Liang H, Cao C. A facile double moving redox boundary model for visual electrophoresis titration of ascorbic acid. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:639-650. [PMID: 38227365 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a double moving redox boundary (MROB) model to realize the colorless analyte electrophoresis titration (ET) by the two steps of the redox reaction. Single MROB has been proposed for the development of ET sensing (Analyst, 2013, 138, 1137. ACS Sensor, 2019, 4, 126.), and faces great challenges in detecting the analyte without color change during redox reaction. Herein, a novel model of double-MROB electrophoresis, including its mechanisms, equations, and procedures, was developed for titration by using ascorbic acid as a model analyte. The first MROB was created with ferric iron (Fe3+) and iodide ion (I-) in which Fe3+ was reduced as Fe2+ and I- was oxidized as molecular iodine (I2) used as an indicator of visible MROB due to blue starch-iodine complex. The second boundary was then formed between the molecular iodine and model analyte of ascorbic acid. Under given conditions, there was a quantitative relationship between velocity of MROB (VMROB(ii)) and ascorbic acid concentration (CVit C) in the double-MROB system (1/VMROB(ii) = 0.6502CVit C + 4.5165, and R = 0.9939). The relevant relative standard deviation values of intraday and inter-day were less than ∼5.55% and ∼6.64%, respectively. Finally, the titration of ascorbic acid in chewable vitamin C tablets was performed by the developed method, the titration results agreed with those via the classic iodometric titration. All the results briefly demonstrated the validity of the double MROB model, in which Vit C was used as a model analyte. The developed method had potential use in quantitative analysis of redox-active species in biomedical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Keer Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Heng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Technology, School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Liu Y, He B, Liu L, Hu L, Jiang G. Fasten the analysis of metal-binding proteins with GE-ICP-MS via increasing the electrolyte concentration of the running buffer. Talanta 2024; 266:125047. [PMID: 37574606 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The coupled system of column gel electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GE-ICP-MS) is a highly effective technique for detecting metal-binding proteins. However, it takes a long time for this method to test a single sample, which greatly limits its application. In this study, GE-ICP-MS system was optimized by adjusting the analytical conditions, including the concentration and pH of running buffer and the proportion of polyacrylamide gel. The results of the experiment showed that the migration speed of proteins in GE was enhanced by increasing the electrolyte concentration in the running buffer solution. Additionally, the ICP-MS response, which was dramatically decreased because of the change in running buffer solution, can be stabilized by adjusting pH of running buffer. Meanwhile, the optimization of polyacrylamide gel ratio allows GE-ICP-MS to maintain high resolution for proteins of similar molecular weight with increased detection speed. After increasing the concentration of running buffer by 10 times, four iodine labeled proteins were successfully separated at baseline by the GE-ICP-MS system at pH 8.0 in 40 min using a resolving gel (8%, 7 cm) and a stacking gel (4%, 1 cm), which was three times faster than the original one. Finally, the optimized method was proved by detecting a silver-binding protein in rat plasma samples. The above method provided an effective and rapid detection for metal-binding proteins in organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China; School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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3
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Dong S, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Chen L, Zhang Q, Tian Y, Sohail A, Khan MI, Xiao H, Liu X, Wang Y, Li H, Wu H, Liu W, Cao C. Purification of low-abundance lysozyme in egg white via free-flow electrophoresis with gel-filtration chromatography. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1529-1538. [PMID: 32529672 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As an effective separation tool, free-flow electrophoresis has not been used for purification of low-abundance protein in complex sample matrix. Herein, lysozyme in complex egg white matrix was chosen as the model protein for demonstrating the purification of low-content peptide via an FFE coupled with gel fitration chromatography (GFC). The crude lysozyme in egg while was first separated via free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE). After that, the fractions with lysozyme activity were condensed via lyophilization. Thereafter, the condensed fractions were further purified via a GFC of Sephadex G50. In all of the experiments, a special poly(acrylamide- co-acrylic acid) (P(AM-co-AA)) gel electrophoresis and a mass spectrometry were used for identification of lysozyme. The conditions of FFZE were optimized as follows: 130 μL/min sample flow rate, 4.9 mL/min background buffer of 20 mM pH 5.5 Tris-Acetic acid, 350 V, and 14 °C as well as 2 mg/mL protein content of crude sample. It was found that the purified lysozyme had the purity of 80% and high activity as compared with its crude sample with only 1.4% content and undetectable activity. The recoveries in the first and second separative steps were 65% and 82%, respectively, and the total recovery was about 53.3%. The reasons of low recovery might be induced by diffusion of lysozyme out off P(AM-co-AA) gel and co-removing of high-abundance egg ovalbumin. All these results indicated FFE could be used as alternative tool for purification of target solute with low abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Dong
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ziqin Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Youli Tian
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Amir Sohail
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Idrees Khan
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Honggen Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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4
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Wang C, Zhang Q, Liu X, Li G, Kong H, Khan MI, Xiao H, Wang Y, Liu W, Cao C. Double inner standard plot model of an electrophoresis titration chip for a portable and green assay of protein content in milk. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:484-492. [PMID: 30601538 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High portability and environmental safety ("green") are two of the most important objectives pursued by microfluidic methods. However, there remain many challenges for the design of portable and visual microfluidic methods (e.g., chip electrophoresis) due to use of a cumbersome pump, power supply and detector. Herein, a facile double inner standard plot (DISP) model of electrophoresis titration (ET) was proposed for portable and visual assay of proteins in test milk samples without use of a pump, power supply or detector based on a moving reaction boundary (MRB) chip. The DISP-ET model predicted that: (i) by setting the upper limit (UL) and lower limit (LL) of double inner standard milk protein contents, points U and L were, respectively, achieved in the relationship D = -aC + b (D: MRB motion distance; C: protein content); and (ii) the two points divided both the C-axis and D-axis into "poor", "eligible" and "superior" rulers scaled for quantitative assay of test samples. To demonstrate the model of DISP-ET, an original portable device (120 mm × 78 mm × 30 mm, 341 g) was designed, which had a chip (25 mm × 25 mm × 4 mm) of three channels (15 mm × 200 μm × 80 μm), platinum electrodes, a lithium cell and touch screen. A series of experiments were undertaken based on the developed portable device. The relevant experiments demonstrated systemically the validity of the DISP-ET model, theory and method. In particular, the experiments clearly showed the advantages of the DISP-ET chip: portability, visuality, green use, rapidity, and flexibility for real-life use. Finally, the device was applied for a portable and visual assay of fresh milk from a cow on a dairy farm. The DISP-ET model opens a window for designing portable and visual quantitative methods of food-safety control and clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunhuai Wang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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5
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Luo A, Zheng Y, Chen X, Cong F. Undergraduate laboratory experiment on determination of total protein content in milk powder by moving reaction boundary titration. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 46:644-651. [PMID: 30387293 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory exercises focused on protein quantification are frequently conducted in traditional undergraduate biochemistry laboratory curriculum. The laboratory course described here is designed to provide students with experience in measurement of protein content in milk powder by moving reaction boundary titration (MRBT), a new rapid technique for total protein content determination in milk. In addition, this approach is weakly influenced by nonprotein nitrogen reagents such as melamine and urea. The course was done as three weekly laboratory exercises. First, students established a standard curve for milk protein concentration by MRBT method. Then, students investigated the influence of nonprotein nitrogen reagents on MRBT method. Finally, students made a comparison among three different protein quantification methods (MRBT, Biuret, and Kjeldahl method). From the experiments, students grasped the concept and advantages of MRBT and deepened the understanding of protein quantification. This course offer students the opportunity to be exposed to an advanced technique, which may have practical significance to their future study and work in the life science field. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):644-651, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anling Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youli Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengsong Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Cao XY, Kong FZ, Zhang Q, Liu WW, Liu XP, Li GQ, Zhong R, Fan LY, Xiao H, Cao CX. iPhone-imaged and cell-powered electrophoresis titration chip for the alkaline phosphatase assay in serum by the moving reaction boundary. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1758-1766. [PMID: 29780999 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a vital enzyme, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has great clinical significance in diagnoses of bone or liver cancer, bone metastases, rickets, and extrahepatic biliary obstruction. However, there is still no really portable chip for the ALP assay in blood. Herein, a simple electrophoresis titration (ET) model was developed for ALP detection via a moving reaction boundary (MRB). In the model, ALP catalyzed the dephosphorylation of a 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium salt (4-MUP) substrate in the cathode well to 4-methylumbelliferone ([4-MU]-) with a negative charge and blue fluorescence under UV excitation. After the catalysis, an electric field was used between the cathode and the anode. Under the electric field, [4-MU]- moved into the channel and neutralized the acidic Tris-HCl buffer, resulting in the quenching of [4-MU]- and creating a MRB. The ET system just had an ET chip, a lithium cell, a UV LED and an iPhone used as a recorder, having no traditional expensive power supply and fluorescence detector. The relevant method was developed, and a series of experiments were conducted via the ET chip. The experiments showed: (i) a MRB could be formed between the [4-MU]- base and the acidic buffer, and the MRB motion had a linear relationship with the ALP activity, validating the ET model; (ii) the ET run was not impacted by many interferences, implying good selectivity; and (iii) the ET chip could be used for portable detection within 10 min, implying an on-site and rapid analysis. In addition, the ET method had a relatively good sensitivity (0.1 U L-1), linearity (V = 0.033A + 3.87, R2 = 0.9980), stability (RSD 2.4-6.8%) and recoveries (101-105%). Finally, the ET method was successfully used for ALP assays in real serum samples. All the results implied that the developed method was simple, rapid and low-cost, and had potential for POCT clinical ALP assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Cao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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7
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Li WL, Kong FZ, Zhang Q, Liu WW, Kong H, Liu XP, Khan MI, Wahid A, Saud S, Xiao H, Cao CX, Fan LY. Simple Chip Electrophoresis Titration of Neutralization Boundary with EDTA Photocatalysis for Distance-Based Sensing of Melamine in Dairy Products. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6710-6717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Li
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan-Zhi Kong
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Kong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad-Idrees Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Amir Wahid
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shah Saud
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- Student Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Dmitriev DS, Ivakhiv MV, Agafonov DV. Evaluation of the Lyophilicity of Activated Carbons for Supercapacitors. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427218030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Pratush A, Zhang Q, Cao YR, Zhang LX, Li GQ, Liu XP, Li J, Jahan S, Cong F, Xiao H, Fan LY, Cao CX. A simple, openable and electroosmotic flow-free PMMA chip for electrophoretic titration of moving reaction boundary. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Zhang Q, Fan LY, Li WL, Cong FS, Zhong R, Chen JJ, He YC, Xiao H, Cao CX. A stable and convenient protein electrophoresis titration device with bubble removing system. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1706-1712. [PMID: 28306175 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Moving reaction boundary titration (MRBT) has a potential application to immunoassay and protein content analysis with high selectivity. However, air bubbles often impair the accuracy of MRBT, and the leakage of electrolyte greatly decreases the safety and convenience of electrophoretic titration. Addressing these two issues a reliable MRBT device with modified electrolyte chamber of protein titration was designed. Multiphysics computer simulation was conducted for optimization according to two-phase flow. The single chamber was made of two perpendicular cylinders with different diameters. After placing electrophoretic tube, the resident air in the junction next to the gel could be eliminated by a simple fast electrolyte flow. Removing the electrophoretic tube automatically prevented electrolyte leakage at the junction due to the gravity-induced negative pressure within the chamber. Moreover, the numerical simulation and experiments showed that the improved MRBT device has following advantages: (i) easy and rapid setup of electrophoretic tube within 20 s; (ii) simple and quick bubble dissipates from the chamber of titration within 2 s; (iii) no electrolyte leakage from the two chambers: and (iv) accurate protein titration and safe instrumental operation. The developed technique and apparatus greatly improves the performance of the previous MRBT device, and providing a new route toward practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Lin Li
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Song Cong
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhong
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Chen He
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang LX, Cao YR, Xiao H, Liu XP, Liu SR, Meng QH, Fan LY, Cao CX. Leverage principle of retardation signal in titration of double protein via chip moving reaction boundary electrophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:284-91. [PMID: 26414025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we address a simple, rapid and quantitative analytical method for detection of different proteins present in biological samples. For this, we proposed the model of titration of double protein (TDP) and its relevant leverage theory relied on the retardation signal of chip moving reaction boundary electrophoresis (MRBE). The leverage principle showed that the product of the first protein content and its absolute retardation signal is equal to that of the second protein content and its absolute one. To manifest the model, we achieved theoretical self-evidence for the demonstration of the leverage principle at first. Then relevant experiments were conducted on the TDP-MRBE chip. The results revealed that (i) there was a leverage principle of retardation signal within the TDP of two pure proteins, and (ii) a lever also existed within these two complex protein samples, evidently demonstrating the validity of TDP model and leverage theory in MRBE chip. It was also showed that the proposed technique could provide a rapid and simple quantitative analysis of two protein samples in a mixture. Finally, we successfully applied the developed technique for the quantification of soymilk in adulterated infant formula. The TDP-MRBE opens up a new window for the detection of adulteration ratio of the poor food (milk) in blended high quality one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xia Zhang
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Ren Cao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shao-Rong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oklahoma University, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Qing-Hua Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oklahoma University, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Bioseparation, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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12
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Guo CG, Shang Z, Yan J, Li S, Li GQ, Liu RZ, Qing Y, Fan LY, Xiao H, Cao CX. A tunable isoelectric focusing via moving reaction boundary for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and proteomics. Talanta 2015; 137:197-203. [PMID: 25770625 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Routine native immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing (IPG-IEF) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) are still suffering from unfortunate reproducibility, poor resolution (caused by protein precipitation) and instability in characterization of intact protein isoforms and posttranslational modifications. Based on the concept of moving reaction boundary (MRB), we firstly proposed a tunable non-IPG-IEF system to address these issues. By choosing proper pairs of catholyte and anolyte, we could achieve desired cathodic and anodic migrating pH gradients in non-IPG-IEF system, effectively eliminating protein precipitation and uncertainty of quantitation existing in routine IEF and 2DE, and enhancing the resolution and sensitivity of IEF. Then, an adjustable 2DE system was developed by combining non-IPG-IEF with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The improved 2DE was evaluated by testing model proteins and colon cancer cell lysates. The experiments revealed that (i) a tunable pH gradient could be designed via MRB; (ii) up to 1.65 fold improvement of resolution was achieved via non-IPG-IEF; (iii) the sensitivity of developed techniques was increased up to 2.7 folds; and (iv) up to about 16.4% more protein spots could be observed via the adjustable 2DE as compared with routine one. The developed techniques might contribute to complex proteome research, especially for screening of biological marker and analysis of extreme acidic/alkaline proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Guo
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Si Li
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rong-Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Laboratory of Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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13
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Total protein quantitation using the bicinchoninic acid assay and gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1887-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Wang H, Shi Y, Yan J, Dong J, Li S, Xiao H, Xie H, Fan LY, Cao CX. Retardation Signal for Fluorescent Determination of Total Protein Content via Rapid and Sensitive Chip Moving Reaction Boundary Electrophoretic Titration. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2888-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Wang
- Laboratory of
Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of
Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongting Shi
- Laboratory of
Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of
Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Institute of Refrigeration
and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingyu Dong
- School
of Chemistry and Molecule Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Si Li
- Laboratory of
Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of
Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Laboratory of
Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of
Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Laboratory of
Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of
Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- Laboratory of
Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of
Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- Laboratory of
Bioseparation and Analytical Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of
Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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