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Habumugisha T, Zhang Z, Ndayishimiye JC, Nkinahamira F, Kayiranga A, Cyubahiro E, Rehman A, Yan C, Zhang X. Evaluation and optimization of the influence of silver cluster ions on the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of polystyrene nanoplastic polymers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:763-772. [PMID: 35112122 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the analysis of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNs), a nonpolar polymer (NP), using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), silver salts were used as cationization reagents and simultaneously brought the potential problems of silver clusters that interfered with the PSN signal of MS. To detect PSNs, silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were mixed with five polar matrices, namely 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid (HABA), dithranol (DI), sinapic acid (SA), trans-3-indoleacrylic acid (IAA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), and three nonpolar matrices, namely pyrene (PRN), anthracene (ATH) and acenaphthene (ACTH). The results showed that silver salt cluster ions were detected in the range of m/z 1000-4000. Five polar matrices with silver salts produced silver clusters, which interfered with the signals in the mass spectrum of PSNs, but the combination of these matrices with copper II chloride (CuCl2) salt did not produce copper-related clusters. However, the use of nonpolar matrices such as PRN, ATH or ACTH significantly decreased the signals of silver salt cluster ions, and this alteration of matrix types is considered a promising optimization approach for silver cluster ions. The nonpolar matrix conditions were optimized without producing silver cluster ions and the optimal detection conditions were found to be under nonpolar matrices (e.g., pyrene) with silver salts (e.g., AgTFA). The results suggest that when polar matrices, such as HABA, DI, SA, IAA, and DHB, are combined with silver salts in MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, silver-related clusters are detected in the range of m/z 1000-4000. Inhibition of the production of silver cluster ions can be achieved by the use of a nonpolar matrix (e.g., PRN) or polar matrix (e.g., DHB) with copper salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théogène Habumugisha
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixing Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jean Claude Ndayishimiye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - François Nkinahamira
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alexis Kayiranga
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Eric Cyubahiro
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Abstract
This review covers the applications of mass spectrometry (MS) and its hyphenated techniques to characterize polyurethane (PU) synthetic polymers and their respective hard and soft segments. PUs are commonly composed of hard segments including methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and soft segments including polyester and polyether polyols. This literature review highlights MS techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI), ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), and computational methods that have been used for the characterization of this polymer system. Here we review specific case studies where MS techniques have elucidated unique features pertaining to the makeup and structural integrity of complex PU materials and PU precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Crescentini
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Institute for Integrated Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Institute for Integrated Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.,Institute for Integrated Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - David M Hercules
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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Chung YC, Park JE, Choi JW, Chun BC. The grafting of phthalic acid onto polyurethane copolymer and its impact on the surface hydrophilicity, tensile stress, and shape recovery properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1590124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Chung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- School of Nano Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jae Won Choi
- School of Nano Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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Abstract
MALDI-TOF/TOF collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments were conducted on model aromatic polyester oligomers. CID fragmentation studies identified initial fracture of the ester bond and subsequent CO loss as a major pathway, consistent with the general fragmentation mechanism used to explain the origin of poly(p-phenylenediamine terephthalamide) (PPD-T) fragment ions. Specifically, both charge-remote and charge-site fragmentation were observed. Different parent-ion species were observed, the major ones being carboxyl-hydroxyl, di-carboxyl, di-hydroxyl, and phenyl-carboxyl terminated. One species observed was hydroxyl-diethylamine terminated caused by reaction of carboxyl groups with triethylamine added to the synthesis reaction mixture. Fragment ions reflected the end groups of the parent oligomers. Some MALDI fragment-ion spectra were obtained for species showing exchange between Li and H at the carboxyl end group. Bond energy calculations provide further insight into suggested fragmentation mechanisms.
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Pretorius NO, Willemse CM, de Villiers A, Pasch H. Combined size exclusion chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of complex aliphatic polyesters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1330:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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