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Liu S, Wang Y, Weng L, Wu J, Man Q, Xia Y, Huang LH. Water-stable hydrophilic metal organic framework composite for the recognition of N-glycopeptides during diabetes progression by mass spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:11. [PMID: 38055058 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophilic Al-MOFs composite was prepared using cheap and available reagents in water via a suitable large-scale production, an economical and environment-friendly method for capturing N-glycopeptides. The prepared Al-MOFs composite with high hydrolytically stable and hydrophilic 1D channels exhibits an ultralow detection limit (0.5 fmol/μL), and excellent reusability (at least 10 cycles) in the capture of N-glycopeptides from standard bio-samples. Interestingly, the Al-MOFs composite also shows remarkable performance in practical applications, where 300 N-glycopeptides ascribed to 124 glycoproteins were identified in 1 µL human serum and were successfully applied in profiling the differences of N-glycopeptides during diabetes progression. Moreover, 12 specific glycoproteins used as biomarkers to accurately distinguish the progression of diabetes are identified. The present work provides a potential commercial method for large-scale glycoproteomics research in complex clinical samples while offering new guidance for the precise diagnosis of diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lingxiao Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiuhong Man
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Li-Hao Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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2
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Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.
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3
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A novel graphene oxide/chitosan foam incorporated with metal–organic framework stationary phase for simultaneous enrichment of glycopeptide and phosphopeptide with high efficiency. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2251-2263. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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4
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Xu S, He H, Liu Z. New Promises of Advanced Molecular Recognition: Bioassays, Single Cell Analysis, Cancer Therapy, and Beyond. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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5
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Xie Z, Yan Y, Tang K, Ding CF. Post-synthesis modification of covalent organic frameworks for ultrahigh enrichment of low-abundance glycopeptides from human saliva and serum. Talanta 2022; 236:122831. [PMID: 34635221 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel type of covalent organic framework (COF) material rich in boronic acid sites was prepared through post-synthesis modification (TbBD@PEI@Au@4-MPBA). The surface of COF material had abundant carboxylic acid groups, which could bind a large amount of polyethyleneimine (PEI) through electrostatic interaction. At the same time, the amino groups on the PEI can be grafted with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) in situ, and then 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) was modified by the reaction of Au and sulfhydryl groups. The massive grafting of boronic acid groups made the material's enrichment effect on glycopeptides expected. The results of experiments indicated that the composite material has high sensitivity (5 amol μL-1) and selectivity (1:1000). In addition, the material has outstanding stability and reusability, with a load capacity of about 100 mg g-1 and a recovery of 99.3 ± 2.2%. What's more, after enriched by TbBD@PEI@Au@4-MPBA, 56 endogenous glycopeptides from fresh human saliva were detected by MALDI-TOF MS, 56 unique glycopeptides corresponding to 31 glycoproteins from human saliva and 513 unique glycopeptides corresponding to 208 glycoproteins from serum of throat cancer patient were detected by nano-LC-MS/MS, respectively, which was expected to be applied to glycoproteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Keqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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6
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Poddar S, Sharmeen S, Hage DS. Affinity monolith chromatography: A review of general principles and recent developments. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2577-2598. [PMID: 34293192 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes a monolithic support with a biological ligand or related binding agent to isolate, enrich, or detect a target analyte in a complex matrix. The target-specific interaction exhibited by the binding agents makes AMC attractive for the separation or detection of a wide range of compounds. This article will review the basic principles of AMC and recent developments in this field. The supports used in AMC will be discussed, including organic, inorganic, hybrid, carbohydrate, and cryogel monoliths. Schemes for attaching binding agents to these monoliths will be examined as well, such as covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, molecular imprinting, and coordination methods. An overview will then be given of binding agents that have recently been used in AMC, along with their applications. These applications will include bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography, and dye-ligand or biomimetic affinity chromatography. The use of AMC in chiral separations and biointeraction studies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
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7
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Dong X, Chen C, Yan J, Zhang X, Li X, Liang X. Comprehensive O-Glycosylation Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Biomimetic Trp-Arg Materials. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10444-10452. [PMID: 34284575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious public health threat. Most vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 target the highly glycosylated spike protein (S). A good knowledge of the glycosylation profile of this protein is key to successful vaccine development. Unlike the 22 confirmed N-glycosylation sites on SARS-CoV-2 S, only a few O-glycosylation sites on this protein have been reported. This difference is mainly ascribed to the extremely low stoichiometry of O-glycosylation. Herein, we designed the biomimetic materials, Trp-Arg (WR) monomer-grafted silica microspheres (designated as WR-SiO2), and these biomimetic materials can enrich N- and O-linked glycopeptides with high selectivity. And WR-SiO2 can resist the nonglycopeptides' interference with the 100 molar fold of BSA during O-linked glycopeptide enrichment. We utilized WR-SiO2 to comprehensively analyze the O-glycosylation profile of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S. Twenty-seven O-glycosylation sites including 18 unambiguous sites are identified on SARS-CoV-2 S. Our study demonstrates that the biomimetic polymer can offer specific selectivity for O-linked glycopeptides and pave the way for O-glycosylation research in biological fields. The O-glycosylation profile of SARS-CoV-2 S might supplement the comprehensive glycosylation in addition to N-glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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8
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Li H, He H, Liu Z. Recent progress and application of boronate affinity materials in bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Xu L, Hu ZS, Duan R, Wang X, Yang YS, Dong LY, Wang XH. Advances and applications of in-tube solid-phase microextraction for analysis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461962. [PMID: 33582517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) with capillary column as extraction device is a well-established green extraction technique with a lot of applications in the fields of biomedicine, food and environment. This article reviews the research contributions of IT-SPME for analysis of proteins. The paper first briefly describes the history of IT-SPME. Then, the development and principle of IT-SPME for analysis of proteins are introduced, in which capillary column configurations of IT-SPME and instruments for quantitative analysis of proteins are summarized. Subsequently, the synthesis strategy and recognition principle of different recognition units, including antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and boronate affinity materials, are discussed in detail. This part also introduces several rare recognition units, including lectins, restricted access materials, lysine modified with β-cyclodextrin and cell membrane. The development trend and possible future direction of IT-SPME for analysis of proteins are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin, 300222, PR China.
| | - Zhan-Song Hu
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Chest Hospital, 300222, PR China
| | - Rui Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Yuan-Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Lin-Yi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China.
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10
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Qi H, Jiang L, Jia Q. Application of magnetic solid phase extraction in separation and enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Tang R, Yu Y, Dong J, Yao Y, Ma S, Ou J, Ye M. Facile preparation of bifunctional adsorbents for efficiently enriching N-glycopeptides and phosphopeptides. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1144:111-120. [PMID: 33453787 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In bottom-up strategy, specific enrichment of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides from complicated biological samples is a prerequisite for efficient identifying glycosylation and phosphorylation by mass spectrometry. Although there were a plethora of materials used as either hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) or immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) adsorbents, even several bifunctional materials for simultaneous enrichment of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides, most of them are not easily commercialized as many other well-performing adsorbents due to the complicated preparation process. In our case, a one-step modification strategy was developed to prepare bifunctional adsorbents for HILIC and IMAC, employing O-phospho-l-serine as the modifier and poly(GMA-co-EDMA) microspheres, a kind of macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) with epoxy groups, as the matrix. The MARs were directly modified with O-phospho-l-serine under facile condition for HILIC strategy and further chelated with Ti4+ for IMAC strategy. A total of 522 unique N-glycopeptides and 442 unique N-glycosylation sites mapped to 275 N-glycoproteins was identified from HeLa cell proteins, showing excellent enrichment efficiency in HILIC. Additionally, 3141 unique phosphopeptides were unambiguously identified from 200 μg of digest of HeLa cell proteins, demonstrating great enrichment efficiency in IMAC. Moreover, these materials have been successfully applied in the analysis of multiple biological samples including human serum and milk, demonstrating their feasibility for real sample applications and potential business value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yating Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Zheng H, Lin H, Chen X, Tian J, Pavase TR, Wang R, Sui J, Cao L. Development of boronate affinity-based magnetic composites in biological analysis: Advances and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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14
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Progress in Monolithic Column-based Separation and Enrichment of Glycoproteins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Sajid MS, Jovcevski B, Pukala TL, Jabeen F, Najam-ul-Haq M. Fabrication of Piperazine Functionalized Polymeric Monolithic Tip for Rapid Enrichment of Glycopeptides/Glycans. Anal Chem 2019; 92:683-689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Sajid
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Blagojce Jovcevski
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Tara Louise Pukala
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Fahmida Jabeen
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
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16
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Ma S, Li Y, Ma C, Wang Y, Ou J, Ye M. Challenges and Advances in the Fabrication of Monolithic Bioseparation Materials and their Applications in Proteomics Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902023. [PMID: 31502719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography integrated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has become a powerful technique for proteomics research. Its performance heavily depends on the separation efficiency of HPLC, which in turn depends on the chromatographic material. As the "heart" of the HPLC system, the chromatographic material is required to achieve excellent column efficiency and fast analysis. Monolithic materials, fabricated as continuous supports with interconnected skeletal structure and flow-through pores, are regarded as an alternative to particle-packed columns. Such materials are featured with easy preparation, fast mass transfer, high porosity, low back pressure, and miniaturization, and are next-generation separation materials for high-throughput proteins and peptides analysis. Herein, the recent progress regarding the fabrication of various monolithic materials is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on studies of the fabrication of monolithic capillary columns and their applications in separation of biomolecules by capillary liquid chromatography (cLC). The applications of monolithic materials in the digestion, enrichment, and separation of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides from biological samples are also considered. Finally, advances in comprehensive 2D HPLC separations using monolithic columns are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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17
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Chen Y, Huang A, Zhang Y, Bie Z. Recent advances of boronate affinity materials in sample preparation. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1076:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Chen Z, Huang J, Li L. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomics in complex biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 118:880-892. [PMID: 31579312 PMCID: PMC6774629 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays a key role in various biological processes and disease-related pathological progression. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomics is a powerful approach that provides a system-wide profiling of the glycoproteome in a high-throughput manner. There have been numerous significant technological advances in this field, including improved glycopeptide enrichment, hybrid fragmentation techniques, emerging specialized software packages, and effective quantitation strategies, as well as more dedicated workflows. With increasingly sophisticated glycoproteomics tools on hand, researchers have extensively adapted this approach to explore different biological systems both in terms of in-depth glycoproteome profiling and comparative glycoproteome analysis. Quantitative glycoproteomics enables researchers to discover novel glycosylation-based biomarkers in various diseases with potential to offer better sensitivity and specificity for disease diagnosis. In this review, we present recent methodological developments in MS-based glycoproteomics and highlight its utility and applications in answering various questions in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Junfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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19
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A streamlined strategy for rapid and selective analysis of serum N-glycome. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1050:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Ma S, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang H, You X, Ou J, Ye M, Wei Y. Preparation of epoxy-functionalized hierarchically porous hybrid monoliths via free radical polymerization and application in HILIC enrichment of glycopeptides. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1058:97-106. [PMID: 30851859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their multiscale pore size regimes and unique properties, the materials with hierarchically porous structures have become an important family of functional materials in recent years. They have been applied from energy conversion and storage, catalysis, separation to drug delivery, etc. The synthesis of them is difficult by the need to employ multiple templates and take complicated steps. Herein, we successfully prepared epoxy-functionalized hierarchically porous hybrid monoliths (HPHMs) with micro/meso/macro-structures in an easy way. Firstly, a bulk monolithic material was formed via free radical polymerization between polyhedral oligomeric vinylsilsesquioxanes (vinylPOSS) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) in the presence of polycaprolactone (PCL). Then PCL was degraded with hydrochloric acid solution, and the epoxy-functionalized HPHM was obtained. This approach was very simple and suitable for large-scale preparation. Hybrid monoliths with different specific surface area (from 5.4 to 636.7 m2/g) were prepared by adjusting the mole ratio of vinylPOSS to AGE and the content of PCL. The results of several characterization methods, including nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), showed that these materials contained not only micropores and mesopores but also macropores. The materials were further modified with penicillamine to be used as hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) adsorbents for enriching N-glycopeptides in IgG and serum protein tryptic digests. Up to 23 N-glycopeptides were identified from IgG digest, and 385 N-glycopeptides and 283 N-glycosylation sites were identified from human serum digest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xin You
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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21
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Zhang W, Jiang L, Fu L, Jia Q. Selective enrichment of glycopeptides based on copper tetra(N-carbonylacrylic) aminephthalocyanine and iminodiacetic acid functionalized polymer monolith. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1037-1044. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Li Fu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
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22
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Li D, Liu Z, Song R, Yang W, Zhai S, Wang W. Branched polyethyleneimine-assisted 3-carboxybenzoboroxole improved Wulff-type boronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the specific capture of cis-diol-containing flavonoids under neutral conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38038-38046. [PMID: 35541768 PMCID: PMC9075723 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have shown a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antiatherogenic, and antihyperglycemic activities. A lot of important flavonoids contain cis-diols such as rutin (Ru), quercetin (Qu), luteolin (Lu), myricetin (Myr) and baicalein (Ba) and so on. It is necessary to establish a simple, low-cost and efficient purification method for cis-diol-containing flavonoids from plant extracts. Boronate affinity materials are able to reversibly bind the cis-diols via boronic acids by forming a five- or six-membered boronic cyclic ester in aqueous media. However, conventional boronate affinity materials have to be used in alkaline media, which can lead to the oxidation of cis-diols in compounds. In this study, the polyethyleneimine (PEI)-assisted 3-carboxybenzoboroxole-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared to achieve efficient capture of cis-diol-containing flavonoids under neutral conditions. Branched PEI was applied as a scaffold to amplify the number of boronic acid moieties, while 3-carboxybenzoboroxole, exhibiting high affinity and excellent water solubility toward flavonoids, was used as an affinity ligand. The prepared boronate affinity MNPs exhibited high binding capacity and fast binding kinetics (equilibrium in 3 min) under neutral conditions. In addition, the obtained boronate affinity MNPs exhibited high binding affinity (Kd ≈ 10−4 M), low binding pH (pH ≥ 6.0) and tolerance of the interference to abundant sugars. Flavonoids have shown a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antiatherogenic, and antihyperglycemic activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471022
- P. R. China
| | - Zheyao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471022
- P. R. China
| | - Rumeng Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471022
- P. R. China
| | - Wenliu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471022
- P. R. China
| | - Simeng Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471022
- P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471022
- P. R. China
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23
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Zhang W, Song N, Zheng H, Feng W, Jia Q. Cobalt Phthalocyanine Tetracarboxylic Acid Functionalized Polymer Monolith for Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides and Glycans. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700399. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Naizhong Song
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Haijiao Zheng
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Wei Feng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University; 130021 Changchun China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
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24
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Lynch KB, Ren J, Beckner MA, He C, Liu S. Monolith columns for liquid chromatographic separations of intact proteins: A review of recent advances and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1046:48-68. [PMID: 30482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this article we survey 256 references (with an emphasis on the papers published in the past decade) on monolithic columns for intact protein separation. Protein enrichment and purification are included in the broadly defined separation. After a brief introduction, we describe the types of monolithic columns and modes of chromatographic separations employed for protein separations. While the majority of the work is still in the research and development phase, papers have been published toward utilizing monolithic columns for practical applications. We survey these papers as well in this review. Characteristics of selected methods along with their pros and cons will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Matthew A Beckner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
| | - Chiyang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan, 430073, PR China
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States.
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25
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Hydrophilic probe in mesoporous pore for selective enrichment of endogenous glycopeptides in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Bie Z, Xing R, He X, Ma Y, Chen Y, Liu Z. Precision Imprinting of Glycopeptides for Facile Preparation of Glycan-Specific Artificial Antibodies. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9845-9852. [PMID: 30036038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies specific to glycans are essential in many areas for many important fields, including disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and fundamental researches. However, due to their low immunogenicity and poor availability, glycans pose serious challenges to antibody development. Although molecular imprinting has developed into important methodology for creating antibody mimics with low cost and better stability, glycan-specific molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) still remain rather rare. Herein, we report a new strategy, precision imprinting with alternative templates, for the facile preparation of glycan-specific MIPs. Glycopeptides with desirable peptide length immobilized on a boronate affinity substrate were first prepared as alternative templates through in situ dual enzymatic digestion. A thinlayer was then produced to cover the glycans to an appropriate thickness through precision imprinting. With glycoproteins containing only N-glycans as well as both N- and O-glycans as glycan source, this approach was proved to be widely applicable and efficient. The strategy is particularly significant for the recognition of O-glycans, because enzymes that can release O-glycans from O-linked glycoproteins are lacking. The MIPs exhibited excellent glycan specificity. Specific extraction of glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing certain glycans from complex samples was demonstrated. This strategy opened a new avenue for the facile preparation of glycan-specific MIPs, facilitating glycan-related applications and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Rongrong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xinpei He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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27
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Zhang W, Jiang L, Wang D, Jia Q. Preparation of copper tetra(N-carbonylacrylic) aminephthalocyanine functionalized zwitterionic-polymer monolith for highly specific capture of glycopeptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6653-6661. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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29
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Wang R, Chen Z. Boronate affinity monolithic column incorporated with graphene oxide for the in-tube solid-phase microextraction of glycoproteins. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2767-2773. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; Wuhan China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education; Wuhan China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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30
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Kim E, Kang H, Choi I, Song J, Mok H, Jung W, Yeo WS. Efficient Enrichment and Analysis of Vicinal-Diol-Containing Flavonoid Molecules Using Boronic-Acid-Functionalized Particles and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4741-4747. [PMID: 29688715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantitation of flavonoids are relatively difficult compared to those of other small-molecule analytes because flavonoids undergo rapid metabolic processes, resulting in their elimination from the body. Here, we report an efficient enrichment method for facilitating the analysis of vicinal-diol-containing flavonoid molecules using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In our strategy, boronic-acid-functionalized polyacrylamide particles were used, where boronic acids bound to vicinal diols to form boronate monoesters at basic pH. This complex remained intact during the enrichment processes, and the vicinal-diol-containing flavonoids were easily separated by centrifugation and subsequent acidic treatments. The selectivity and limit of detection of our strategy were confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis, and the validity was assessed by performing the detection and quantitation of quercetin in mouse organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Woong Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine , Kyung Hee University Hospital at Kangdong , Seoul 05278 , Korea
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31
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Feng X, Deng C, Gao M, Yan G, Zhang X. Novel synthesis of glucose functionalized magnetic graphene hydrophilic nanocomposites via facile thiolation for high-efficient enrichment of glycopeptides. Talanta 2018; 179:377-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Chen G, Huang S, Kou X, Zhang J, Wang F, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Novel Magnetic Microprobe with Benzoboroxole-Modified Flexible Multisite Arm for High-Efficiency cis-Diol Biomolecule Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3387-3394. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siming Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin’ge Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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33
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Wu Q, Jiang B, Weng Y, Liu J, Li S, Hu Y, Yang K, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. 3-Carboxybenzoboroxole Functionalized Polyethylenimine Modified Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Human Plasma Glycoproteins Enrichment under Physiological Conditions. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2671-2677. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yejing Weng
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- College
of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Senwu Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yechen Hu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiguang Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National
Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
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34
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Advances in sample preparation strategies for MS-based qualitative and quantitative N-glycomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Zhang B, Yu RZ, Yu YH, Peng C, Xie R, Zhang Y, Chen JY. Lectin inspired polymers based on the dipeptide Ser-Asp for glycopeptide enrichment. Analyst 2018; 143:5090-5093. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01258j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectin inspired polymers polySD-SiO2were prepared and applied to the high-efficiency enrichment of glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - R. Z. Yu
- Medical Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army 210 Hospital
- Dalian, Liaoning 116015
- China
| | - Y. H. Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - C. Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - R. Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - J. Y. Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
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36
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Espina-Benitez MB, Randon J, Demesmay C, Dugas V. Back to BAC: Insights into Boronate Affinity Chromatography Interaction Mechanisms. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1365085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Betzabeth Espina-Benitez
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Randon
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Demesmay
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Dugas
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
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37
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Liu Z, He H. Synthesis and Applications of Boronate Affinity Materials: From Class Selectivity to Biomimetic Specificity. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2185-2193. [PMID: 28849912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of biological systems and samples, specific capture and targeting of certain biomolecules is critical in much biological research and many applications. cis-Diol-containing biomolecules, a large family of important compounds including glycoproteins, saccharides, nucleosides, nucleotides, and so on, play essential roles in biological systems. As boronic acids can reversibly bind with cis-diols, boronate affinity materials (BAMs) have gained increasing attention in recent years. However, real-world applications of BAMs are often severely hampered by three bottleneck issues, including nonbiocompatible binding pH, weak affinity, and difficulty in selectivity manipulation. Therefore, solutions to these issues and knowledge about the factors that influence the binding properties are of significant importance. These issues have been well solved by our group in past years. Our solutions started from the synthesis and screening of boronic acid ligands with chemical moieties favorable for binding at neutral and acidic pH. To avoid tedious synthesis routes, we proposed a straightforward strategy called teamed boronate affinity, which permitted facile preparation of BAMs with strong binding at neutral pH. To enhance the affinity, we confirmed that multivalent binding could significantly enhance the affinity toward glycoproteins. More interestingly, we observed that molecular interactions could be significantly enhanced by confinement within nanoscale spaces. To improve the selectivity, we investigated interactions that govern the selectivity and their interplays. We then proposed a set of strategies for selectivity manipulation, which proved to be useful guidelines for not only the design of new BAMs but also the selection of binding conditions. Applications in metabolomic analysis, glycoproteomic analysis, and aptamer selection well demonstrated the great potential of the prepared BAMs. Molecular imprinting is an important methodology for creating affinity materials with antibody-like binding properties. Boronate affinity-based covalent imprinting is a pioneering approach in molecular imprinting, but only a few cases of successful imprinting of glycoproteins by this method were reported. With sound understanding of boronate affinity, we developed two facile and generally applicable boronate affinity-based molecular imprinting approaches. The resulting boronate affinity molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) exhibited dramatically improved binding properties, including biocompatible binding pH range, enhanced affinity, improved specificity, and superb tolerance to interference. In terms of nanoconfinement effect, we explained why the binding pH range was widened and why the affinity was enhanced. The excellent binding properties made boronate affinity MIPs appealing alternatives to antibodies in promising applications such as disease diagnosis, cancer-cell targeting, and single-cell analysis. In this Account, we survey the key aspects of BAMs, the efforts we made to solve these issues, and the connections between imprinted and nonimprinted BAMs. Through this survey, we wish to pave a sound fundamental basis of the dependence of binding properties of BAMs on the nature and structure of the ligands and the supporting materials, which can facilitate the development and applications of BAMs. We also briefly sketch remaining challenges and directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Cheng W, Kong F, Fan D, Li L, Wang W. Silica stationary phase functionalized by 4-carboxy-benzoboroxole with enhanced boronate affinity nature for selective capture and separation of cis-diol compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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LI TT, ZHANG LY, YU ZL, MA XC, DENG S. Synthesis of Boronic Acid-functionalized Soluble Dendrimers and its Application in Detection of Human Liver Microsomal Glycoprotein Based on Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jiao F, Gao F, Wang H, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Qian X, Zhang Y. Ultrathin Au nanowires assisted magnetic graphene-silica ZIC-HILIC composites for highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 970:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Poplar catkin: A natural biomaterial for highly specific and efficient enrichment of sialoglycopeptides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dosekova E, Filip J, Bertok T, Both P, Kasak P, Tkac J. Nanotechnology in Glycomics: Applications in Diagnostics, Therapy, Imaging, and Separation Processes. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:514-626. [PMID: 27859448 PMCID: PMC5659385 DOI: 10.1002/med.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively covers the most recent achievements (from 2013) in the successful integration of nanomaterials in the field of glycomics. The first part of the paper addresses the beneficial properties of nanomaterials for the construction of biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and protocols for the detection of various analytes, including viruses and whole cells, together with their key characteristics. The second part of the review focuses on the application of nanomaterials integrated with glycans for various biomedical applications, that is, vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and cancer cells, as therapeutic agents, for in vivo imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and for selective drug delivery. The final part of the review describes various ways in which glycan enrichment can be effectively done using nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers with polymer thickness controlled at the nanoscale, with a subsequent analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry. A short section describing an active glycoprofiling by microengines (microrockets) is covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dosekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Peter Both
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
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Li D, Yin D, Chen Y, Liu Z. Coupling of metal-organic frameworks-containing monolithic capillary-based selective enrichment with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for efficient analysis of protein phosphorylation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhou C, Chen X, Du Z, Li G, Xiao X, Cai Z. A hybrid monolithic column based on boronate-functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets for online specific enrichment of glycoproteins. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Porous monoliths for on-line sample preparation: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 964:24-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stine KJ. Application of Porous Materials to Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycoscience. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2017; 74:61-136. [PMID: 29173727 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using a range of porous materials to meet research needs in carbohydrate chemistry and glycoscience in general. Among the applications of porous materials reviewed in this chapter, enrichment of glycans from biological samples prior to separation and analysis by mass spectrometry is a major emphasis. Porous materials offer high surface area, adjustable pore sizes, and tunable surface chemistry for interacting with glycans, by boronate affinity, hydrophilic interactions, molecular imprinting, and polar interactions. Among the materials covered in this review are mesoporous silica and related materials, porous graphitic carbon, mesoporous carbon, porous polymers, and nanoporous gold. In some applications, glycans are enzymatically or chemically released from glycoproteins or glycopeptides, and the porous materials have the advantage of size selectivity admitting only the glycans into the pores and excluding proteins. Immobilization of lectins onto porous materials of suitable pore size allows for the use of lectin-carbohydrate interactions in capture or separation of glycoproteins. Porous material surfaces modified with carbohydrates can be used for the selective capture of lectins. Controlled release of therapeutics from porous materials mediated by glycans has been reported, and so has therapeutic targeting using carbohydrate-modified porous particles. Additional applications of porous materials in glycoscience include their use in the supported synthesis of oligosaccharides and in the development of biosensors for glycans.
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Li D, Bie Z. Metal–organic framework incorporated monolithic capillary for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00263g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification, which plays a central role in the cellular signaling of numerous biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang 471022
- P. R. China
| | - Zijun Bie
- Department of Chemistry
- Bengbu Medical College
- China
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Banazadeh A, Veillon L, Wooding KM, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Mechref Y. Recent advances in mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:162-189. [PMID: 27757981 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins that plays essential roles in various biological processes, including protein folding, host-pathogen interaction, immune response, and inflammation and aberrant protein glycosylation is a well-known event in various disease states including cancer. As a result, it is critical to develop rapid and sensitive methods for the analysis of abnormal glycoproteins associated with diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with different separation methods, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE), ion mobility (IM), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become a popular tool for glycoprotein analysis, providing highly informative fragments for structural identification of glycoproteins. This review provides an overview of the developments and accomplishments in the field of glycomics and glycoproteomics reported between 2014 and 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Banazadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Lucas Veillon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kerry M Wooding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Peng Y, Fu D, Zhang F, Yang B, Yu L, Liang X. A highly selective hydrophilic sorbent for enrichment of N -linked glycopeptides. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Gao L, Wei Y. Fabrication of boronate-decorated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes grafted cotton fiber for the selective enrichment of nucleosides in urine. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2365-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an China
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