Exploration of cardanol-based phenolated and epoxidized resins by size exclusion chromatography and MALDI mass spectrometry

Ambient Temperature Cross-Linking of a Sustainable, Cardanol-Based Cyanate Ester Via Synergistic Thiol-ene Copolymerization

Cardanol, a low-cost component of cashew nut shell oil, is a phenolic compound with a 15-carbon unsaturated chain in the position meta to the hydroxyl group. This biorenewable substrate was...

Influence of Epoxidized Cardanol Functionality and Reactivity on Network Formation and Properties

Cardanol is a renewable resource based on cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which consists of a phenol ring with a C15 long aliphatic side chain in the meta position with varying degrees of unsaturation. Cardanol glycidyl ether was chemically modified to form side-chain epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether (SCECGE) with an average epoxy functionality of 2.45 per molecule and was cured with petroleum-based epoxy hardeners, 4-4'-methylenebis(cyclohexanamine) and diethylenetriamine, and a cardanol-based amine hardener. For comparison, cardanol-based diphenol diepoxy resin, NC514 (Cardolite), and a petroleum-based epoxy resin, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were also evaluated. Chemical and thermomechanical analyses showed that for SCECGE resins, incomplete cure of the secondary epoxides led to reduced cross-link density, reduced thermal stability, and reduced elongation at break when compared with difunctional resins containing only primary epoxides. However, because of functionality greater than two, amine-cured SCECGE produced a T_g very similar to that of NC514 and thus could be useful in formulating epoxy with renewable cardanol content.

Photoageing of cardanol: characterization, circumvention by side chain methoxylation and application for photocrosslinkable polymers

Photoageing of cardanol and its limitation by methoxylation of the side chain to produce photocrosslinkable copolymers of tunable reactivity.