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Cheng S, Khan M, Yin F, Ma C, Yuan J, Jiang T, Liu X, Hu Q. Surface-anchored liquid crystal droplets for the semi-quantitative detection of Aflatoxin B1 in food samples. Food Chem 2022; 390:133202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Lu S, Hu Q, Yu L. Construction of a liquid Crystal-based Sensing Platform for the Sensitive Detection of Catalase in Human Serum. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Wang H, Xu T, Fu Y, Wang Z, Leeson MS, Jiang J, Liu T. Liquid Crystal Biosensors: Principles, Structure and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:639. [PMID: 36005035 PMCID: PMC9406233 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) have been widely used as sensitive elements to construct LC biosensors based on the principle that specific bonding events between biomolecules can affect the orientation of LC molecules. On the basis of the sensing interface of LC molecules, LC biosensors can be classified into three types: LC-solid interface sensing platforms, LC-aqueous interface sensing platforms, and LC-droplet interface sensing platforms. In addition, as a signal amplification method, the combination of LCs and whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microcavities can provide higher detection sensitivity due to the extremely high quality factor and the small mode volume of the WGM optical microcavity, which enhances the interaction between the light field and biotargets. In this review, we present an overview of the basic principles, the structure, and the applications of LC biosensors. We discuss the important properties of LC and the principle of LC biosensors. The different geometries of LCs in the biosensing systems as well as their applications in the biological detection are then described. The fabrication and the application of the LC-based WGM microcavity optofluidic sensor in the biological detection are also introduced. Finally, challenges and potential research opportunities in the development of LC-based biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yaoxin Fu
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mark S. Leeson
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tiegen Liu
- School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhan X, Liu Y, Yang KL, Luo D. State-of-the-Art Development in Liquid Crystal Biochemical Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:577. [PMID: 36004973 PMCID: PMC9406035 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging stimuli-responsive material, liquid crystal (LC) has attracted great attentions beyond display applications, especially in the area of biochemical sensors. Its high sensitivity and fast response to various biological or chemical analytes make it possible to fabricate a simple, real-time, label-free, and cost-effective LC-based detection platform. Advancements have been achieved in the development of LC-based sensors, both in fundamental research and practical applications. This paper briefly reviews the state-of-the-art research on LC sensors in the biochemical field, from basic properties of LC material to the detection mechanisms of LC sensors that are categorized into LC-solid, LC-aqueous, and LC droplet platforms. In addition, various analytes detected by LCs are presented as a proof of the application value, including metal ions, nucleic acids, proteins, glucose, and some toxic chemical substances. Furthermore, a machine-learning-assisted LC sensing platform is realized to provide a foundation for device intelligence and automatization. It is believed that a portable, convenient, and user-friendly LC-based biochemical sensing device will be achieved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Zhan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Ma H, Lu S, Xie Q, Wang T, Lu H, Yu L. A stable liquid crystals sensing platform decorated with cationic surfactant for detecting thrombin. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yin F, Cheng S, Liu S, Ma C, Wang L, Zhao R, Lin JM, Hu Q. A portable digital optical kanamycin sensor developed by surface-anchored liquid crystal droplets. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126601. [PMID: 34265652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is an increase in demand to develop simple, convenient, and low-cost approaches for rapid and label-free detection of antibiotics. Herein, we propose a new principle for the detection of kanamycin using the surface-anchored liquid crystal (LC) droplets. The optical images of the LC droplets uniformly change from four-clover, uniformly dark, and dark cross appearance gradually with the increase of surfactant concentration. The detection of kanamycin is fulfilled with the aid of a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a kanamycin aptamer. The LC droplets show uniformly dark appearance and four-clover appearance in the presence of the aqueous solutions of CTAB and CTAB/aptamer complex, respectively. However, the specific binding of kanamycin to its aptamer can release the CTAB, which induces the uniformly dark appearance of the LC droplets. A portable device is built to measure the optical luminance of the LC droplets. This system can detect kanamycin with a concentration below 0.1 ng/mL (~0.17 nM) and also allows the detection of kanamycin in real samples such as milk and honey. Therefore, it is very promising in the development of new types of LC-based sensors by the surface-anchored LC droplets assisted with a portable optical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Supan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Rusong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Applications of Microfluidics in Liquid Crystal-Based Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100385. [PMID: 34677341 PMCID: PMC8534167 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) with stimuli-responsive configuration transition and optical anisotropic properties have attracted enormous interest in the development of simple and label-free biosensors. The combination of microfluidics and the LCs offers great advantages over traditional LC-based biosensors including small sample consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Moreover, microfluidic techniques provide a promising tool to fabricate uniform and reproducible LC-based sensing platforms. In this review, we emphasize the recent development of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of LC-based biosensors, including LC planar sensing platforms and LC droplets. Fabrication and integration of LC-based planar platforms with microfluidics for biosensing applications are first introduced. The generation and entrapment of monodisperse LC droplets with different microfluidic structures, as well as their applications in the detection of chemical and biological species, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensors are proposed. This review will promote the understanding of microfluidic techniques in LC-based biosensors and facilitate the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensing devices with high performance.
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Wu PC, Pai CP, Lee MJ, Lee W. A Single-Substrate Biosensor with Spin-Coated Liquid Crystal Film for Simple, Sensitive and Label-Free Protein Detection. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 34677330 PMCID: PMC8533856 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A liquid crystal (LC)-based single-substrate biosensor was developed by spin-coating an LC thin film on a dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DMOAP)-decorated glass slide. Compared with the conventional sandwiched cell configuration, the simplified procedure for the preparation of an LC film allows the film thickness to be precisely controlled by adjusting the spin rate, thus eliminating personal errors involved in LC cell assembly. The limit of detection (LOD) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) was lowered from 10-5 g/mL with a 4.2-μm-thick sandwiched cell of the commercial LC E7 to 10-7 g/mL with a 4.2-μm-thick spin-coated E7 film and further to 10-8 g/mL by reducing the E7 film thickness to 3.4 μm. Moreover, by exploiting the LC film of the highly birefringent nematic LC HDN in the immunodetection of the cancer biomarker CA125, an LOD comparable to that determined with a sandwiched HDN cell was achieved at 10-8 g/mL CA125 using a capture antibody concentration an order of magnitude lower than that in the LC cell. Our results suggest that employing spin-coated LC film instead of conventional sandwiched LC cell provides a more reliable, reproducible, and cost-effective single-substrate platform, allowing simple fabrication of an LC-based biosensor for sensitive and label-free protein detection and immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Wu
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711010, Taiwan; (P.-C.W.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Chao-Ping Pai
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711010, Taiwan; (P.-C.W.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711301, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Guiren Dist., Tainan 711010, Taiwan; (P.-C.W.); (C.-P.P.)
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Detection of bleomycin and its hydrolase by the cationic surfactant-doped liquid crystal-based sensing platform. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1150:338247. [PMID: 33583545 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is a broadly used antibiotic to treat different types of cancer. It can be hydrolyzed by bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH), which eventually influences the anti-tumor efficacy of BLM. Therefore, it is particularly important to detect BLM and BLMH. Herein, we demonstrated highly sensitive detection of BLM and BLMH by a simple and convenient liquid crystal (LC)-based sensing platform for the first time. 5CB (a nematic LC) doped with the cationic surfactant OTAB was working as the sensing platform. When the OTAB-laden 5CB interface was in contact with an aqueous solution of ssDNA, LCs displayed a bright image due to disruption of the arrangement of OTAB monolayers by ssDNA, indicating the planar orientation of LCs at the aqueous/LC interface. When BLM·Fe(II) and ssDNA were both present in the aqueous solution, ssDNA underwent irreversible cleavage, which prevented disruption of the arrangement of OTAB monolayers. Accordingly, LCs showed a dark image, suggesting the homeotropic orientation of LCs at the aqueous/LC interface. However, when BLM·Fe(II) was enzymatically hydrolyzed by BLMH, LCs remained the bright image. This approach showed high sensitivity for the detection of BLM and BLMH with the limits of detection of 0.2 nM and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. Besides, the detection of BLM and BLMH was successfully achieved in human serum. This method has the advantages of high sensitivity, robust stability, simple operation, low cost, and easy detection through naked eyes, which makes it a potential candidate for applications in clinical analysis.
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Hartanto H, Wu M, Lam ML, Chen TH. Microfluidic immunoassay for detection of serological antibodies: A potential tool for rapid evaluation of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061507. [PMID: 33343783 PMCID: PMC7738199 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 became a pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and territories. Millions of lives are still affected because of mandatory quarantines, which hamstring economies and induce panic. Immunology plays a major role in the modern field of medicine, especially against virulent infectious diseases. In this field, neutralizing antibodies are heavily studied because they reflect the level of infection and individuals' immune status, which are essential when considering resumption of work, flight travel, and border entry control. More importantly, it also allows evaluating the antiviral vaccine efficacy as vaccines are still known for being the ultimate intervention method to inhibit the rapid spread of virulent infectious diseases. In this Review, we first introduce the host immune response after the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the latest results using conventional immunoassays. Next, as an enabling platform for detection with sufficient sensitivity while saving analysis time and sample size, the progress of microfluidic-based immunoassays is discussed and compared based on surface modification, microfluidic kinetics, signal output, signal amplification, sample matrix, and the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Based on the overall comparison, this Review concludes by proposing the future integration of visual quantitative signals on microfluidic devices as a more suitable approach for general use and large-scale surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogi Hartanto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Miu Ling Lam
- School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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11
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Determination of IgG by electron spin resonance spectroscopy using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as probe. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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The Assembly of DNA Amphiphiles at Liquid Crystal-Aqueous Interface. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6120229. [PMID: 28335357 PMCID: PMC5302708 DOI: 10.3390/nano6120229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we synthesized a type of DNA amphiphiles (called DNA-lipids) and systematically studied its assembly behavior at the liquid crystal (LC)—aqueous interface. It turned out that the pure DNA-lipids at various concentrations cannot trigger the optical transition of liquid crystals from planar anchoring to homeotropic anchoring at the liquid crystal—aqueous interface. The co-assembly of DNA-lipid and l-dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (l-DLPC) indicated that the DLPC assembled all over the LC-aqueous interface, and DNA-lipids prefer to couple with LC in certain areas, particularly in polarized and fluorescent image, forming micron sized net-like structures. The addition of DNA complementary to DNA-lipids forming double stranded DNA-lipids caused de-assembly of DNA-lipids from LC-aqueous interface, resulting in the disappearance of net-like structures, which can be visualized through polarized microscope. The optical changes combined with DNA unique designable property and specific interaction with wide range of target molecules, the DNA-lipids decorated LC-aqueous interface would provide a new platform for biological sensing and diagnosis.
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Tram DTN, Wang H, Sugiarto S, Li T, Ang WH, Lee C, Pastorin G. Advances in nanomaterials and their applications in point of care (POC) devices for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1275-1288. [PMID: 27686397 PMCID: PMC7127209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained much attention over the last decades, as it offers unique opportunities for the advancement of the next generation of sensing tools. Point-of-care (POC) devices for the selective detection of biomolecules using engineered nanoparticles have become a main research thrust in the diagnostic field. This review presents an overview on how the POC-associated nanotechnology, currently applied for the identification of nucleic acids, proteins and antibodies, might be further exploited for the detection of infectious pathogens: although still premature, future integrations of nanoparticles with biological markers that target specific microorganisms will enable timely therapeutic intervention against life-threatening infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Thien Nhan Tram
- Pharmacy Department National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering, Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Sigit Sugiarto
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering, Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Pharmacy Department National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NanoCore, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Dou B, Yang J, Shi K, Yuan R, Xiang Y. DNA-mediated strand displacement facilitates sensitive electronic detection of antibodies in human serums. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:156-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Hussain Z, Qazi F, Ahmed MI, Usman A, Riaz A, Abbasi AD. Liquid crystals based sensing platform-technological aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:110-127. [PMID: 27162142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In bulk phase, liquid crystalline molecules are organized due to non-covalent interactions and due to delicate nature of the present forces; this organization can easily be disrupted by any small external stimuli. This delicate nature of force balance in liquid crystals organization forms the basis of Liquid-crystals based sensing scheme which has been exploited by many researchers for the optical visualization and sensing of many biological interactions as well as detection of number of analytes. In this review, we present not only an overview of the state of the art in liquid crystals based sensing scheme but also highlight its limitations. The approaches described below revolve around possibilities and limitations of key components of such sensing platform including bottom substrates, alignments layers, nature and type of liquid crystals, sensing compartments, various interfaces etc. This review also highlights potential materials to not only improve performance of the sensing scheme but also to bridge the gap between science and technology of liquid crystals based sensing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hussain
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Qazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adil Usman
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Riaz
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Didar Abbasi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Lee K, Gupta KC, Park SY, Kang IK. Anti-IgG-anchored liquid crystal microdroplets for label free detection of IgG. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:704-715. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIgG anchored LC microdroplets showing configurational transition from radial (a) to bipolar (b) upon interaction with IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyubae Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kailash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
- Polymer Research Laboratory
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
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Ding W, Gupta KC, Park SY, Kim YK, Kang IK. In vitro detection of human breast cancer cells (SK-BR3) using herceptin-conjugated liquid crystal microdroplets as a sensing platform. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1473-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polarized light micrographs showing bipolar orientation of 5CB molecules in herceptin-conjugated LC microdroplets on selective interactions with SK-BR3 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ding
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
| | - Kailash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
- Polymer Research Laboratory
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
| | - Young-Kyoo Kim
- Organic Electronic Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
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18
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Use of liquid crystals for imaging different inclusion abilities of α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin toward cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3-D microarray and its microfabrication-free fluidic immunoassay device. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:187-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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