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Redding MJ, Grayson SM, Charles L. Mass spectrometry of dendrimers. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38504498 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential technique to characterize dendrimers as it proved efficient at tackling analytical challenges raised by their peculiar onion-like structure. Owing to their chemical diversity, this review covers benefits of MS methods as a function of dendrimer classes, discussing advantages and limitations of ionization techniques, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) strategies to determine the structure of defective species, as well as most recently demonstrated capabilities of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in the field. Complementarily, the well-defined structure of these macromolecules offers major advantages in the development of MS-based method, as reported in a second section reviewing uses of dendrimers as MS and IMS calibration standards and as multifunctional charge inversion reagents in gas phase ion/ion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna J Redding
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France
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Jangizehi A, Schmid F, Besenius P, Kremer K, Seiffert S. Defects and defect engineering in Soft Matter. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10809-10859. [PMID: 33306078 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter covers a wide range of materials based on linear or branched polymers, gels and rubbers, amphiphilic (macro)molecules, colloids, and self-assembled structures. These materials have applications in various industries, all highly important for our daily life, and they control all biological functions; therefore, controlling and tailoring their properties is crucial. One way to approach this target is defect engineering, which aims to control defects in the material's structure, and/or to purposely add defects into it to trigger specific functions. While this approach has been a striking success story in crystalline inorganic hard matter, both for mechanical and electronic properties, and has also been applied to organic hard materials, defect engineering is rarely used in soft matter design. In this review, we present a survey on investigations on defects and/or defect engineering in nine classes of soft matter composed of liquid crystals, colloids, linear polymers with moderate degree of branching, hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, conjugated polymers, polymeric networks, self-assembled amphiphiles and proteins, block copolymers and supramolecular polymers. This overview proposes a promising role of this approach for tuning the properties of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Fatemi SM, Fatemi SJ, Abbasi Z. PAMAM dendrimer-based macromolecules and their potential applications: recent advances in theoretical studies. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ahmad A, Gupta A, Ansari MM, Vyawahare A, Jayamurugan G, Khan R. Hyperbranched Polymer-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Hyperthermia and Niclosamide Bimodal Therapy of Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:1102-1111. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ahmad
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Md. Meraj Ansari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Akshay Vyawahare
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Li TF, Cheng YY, Wang Y, Wang H, Chen DF, Liu YT, Zhang L, Han WZ, Liu RD, Wang ZJ, Yang CM, Jafta CJ, Clemens D, Keiderling U. Analysis of Dimer Impurity in Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Solutions by Small-angle Neutron Scattering. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cuřínová P, Krupková A, Červenková Šťastná L, Müllerová M, Čermák J, Strašák T. ESI-TOF mass spectrometry of cationic carbosilane dendrimers: A potent tool for characterization of structural defects. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:986-996. [PMID: 30019544 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular polyelectrolytes are gaining considerable attention for the application in medicine that implies their detailed characterization. We have successfully applied electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to the analysis of defects in the structure of three generations of polycationic carbosilane dendrimers bearing series of quarternary phosphonium groups at their periphery. Besides expected defects caused by incomplete conversion of particular reaction steps during the synthesis of dendritic scaffold and subsequent peripheral functionalization, also, several products of side reactions were observed together with defects created in the course of measurement (particularly ion exchange products). Defective molecules can be to some extent separated by means of gel permeation chromatography that proves that they are not products of in source fragmentation processes. Within the reaction sequence used for the synthesis of dendrimers under study, hydrosilylation was the source of most defects; the effectivity of quarternization depends on the type of phosphine. Results confirm high sensitivity of ESI MS towards defects, stability of the carbosilane skeleton towards fragmentation under the conditions of ESI ionization, and capability to detect both lower- and higher-molecular weight impurities arising from the synthetic sequence in the same m/z range as the target dendrimer, thus providing valuable view of the polydispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Krupková
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Monika Müllerová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čermák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of J.E. Purkyně, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Gupta A, Ahmad A, Singh H, Kaur S, K M N, Ansari MM, Jayamurugan G, Khan R. Nanocarrier Composed of Magnetite Core Coated with Three Polymeric Shells Mediates LCS-1 Delivery for Synthetic Lethal Therapy of BLM-Defective Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:803-815. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Gupta
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Hardeep Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sharanjeet Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Neethu K M
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Md. Meraj Ansari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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