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Urinary bio-monitoring of aromatic amine derivatives by new needle trap device packed with the multi-component adsorbent. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4243. [PMID: 36918633 PMCID: PMC10014860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic amines are a large group of chemical compounds that have attracted the attention of researchers due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. This study aimed to develop an efficient method for sampling and analysis of aromatic amines (Aniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, 2-chloroaniline, and 3-chloroaniline) from the vapour phase (headspace) of urine samples. For the implementation of this plan, a needle trap device packed with the three-component adsorbent consisting of nano-Hydroxy Apatite (nHA), Zeolite (Ze), and Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) equipped with GC-FID was employed for the first phase. Examination of the prepared adsorbents was performed by FT-IR, PXRD, and FE-SEM techniques. The optimal value of considerable parameters such as time and temperature of extraction, salt content, and pH were established using the Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RMS-CCD) method. In this way, the optimal extraction of targeted analytes was accomplished in 41 min at 41 °C with NaCl content of 33.0% (w/v) and pH: 13.0, respectively. Also, the repeatability and reproducibility of the method were calculated to be in the range of 2.2-7.1% and 3.9-8.1%, respectively, which indicates the acceptable precision of the method. Also, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined in the range of 0.3-32.0 ng.L-1 and 0.8-350.0 ng.L-1, respectively, which proves the high sensitivity of the proposed method. Furthermore, the recovery percent of the extracted analytes was concluded in the range of 97.0-99.0% after 6 and 30 days of the sampling and storage at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively. Finally, the designed procedure was employed in the analysis of the above-mentioned aromatic amines in the real urine samples. The achieved results illustrate that the three-component absorbent system (nHA;Ze;MOF@NTD) can be introduced as an efficient, fast-response, sensitive, and versatile procedure for trace analysis of the different aromatic amine compounds in public and occupational health.
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2
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Varshney M, Sharma SP, Sathe M. Polyaniline impregnated activated carbon fabric: Adsorption and protection studies against nerve agent sarin. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Roostaie A, Haddad R, Mohammadiazar S. Aniline-Naphthylamine Copolymer as the Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Fiber Coating for the Determination of Chlorobenzenes by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2129666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roostaie
- Equipment and Technologies Department, Policing Sciences and Social Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Haddad
- Equipment and Technologies Department, Policing Sciences and Social Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirwan Mohammadiazar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran
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4
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A Core-Shell Amino-Functionalized Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based on Glycidyl Methacrylate for Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction of Aniline. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell amino-functionalized glycidyl methacrylate magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by the suspension polymerization/surface imprinting method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury porosimetry, nitrogen gas adsorption–desorption, and elemental analysis. This MIP was used as the sorbent in dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) of aniline from textile wastewater prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) measurements. Since aniline is toxic and a probable human carcinogen, its determination in water is of great significance. This is a challenging task because aniline is usually present at trace levels. The effects of different DSPME variables on the preconcentration efficiency have been studied by using the Plackett–Burman screening design of experiments (DoE) followed by response surface methodology optimization using the Box-Behnken design. Thus, DoE enabled the investigation of several variables simultaneously. Under optimized conditions, aniline was effectively and selectively separated by a small amount of the DSPME sorbent and detected in real textile wastewater samples. The method detection limit of 1 ng mL−1 was attained, with good method linearity and acceptable recovery and precision. The results showed that the studied MIP could be a reliable DSPME sorbent for efficiently analyzing trace aniline in real wastewater samples.
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A New Composite of O-aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid Self-Doped Polyaniline and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Fiber Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Efficient trap of polar aromatic amines in environmental waters by electroenhanced solid phase microextraction based on porous monolith doped with carboxylic carbon nanotubes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Wang H, Yang M, Wang D, Li K, Wang S, Liu H. Ionic liquid-functionalized poly- N-phenylpyrrole coated on a NiTi alloy substrate for highly efficient solid-phase microextraction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TiO2–NiO composite nanoflakes were in situ grown, followed by electrochemical polymerization of [C4MIM]PF6@PPPy as a fiber coating for solid phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiju Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
- Key Lab of Resource Chemistry & Environmental Protection of Qinhai, Xining 810007, China
| | - Minghong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Kang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Shoujia Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Hailan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, China
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8
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Raofie F, Falsafi Z. Development of a bimetal-organic framework-polypyrrole composite as a novel fiber coating for direct immersion solid phase microextraction in situ supercritical fluid extraction coupled with gas chromatography for simultaneous determination of furfurals in dates. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4941-4948. [PMID: 34617077 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new, simple, hyphenated technique couples supercritical fluid extraction and direct immersion SPME with GC-FID (SFE-DI-SPME-GC-FID) for the determination of 2-furaldehyde (2-F) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in solid foods. A bimetal-organic framework-polypyrrole composite was grown in situ on stainless steel wire in solution and used as a novel solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. A central composite design based on a 2n-1 fractional factorial experimental design was employed to optimize the SFE conditions for 2-F and 5-HMF at a pressure of 325 atm, temperature of 35 °C, dynamic extraction time of 15 min, and modifier volume of 150 μL. Also, the factors related to the solid-phase microextraction method including ionic strength, desorption time and temperature together with extraction time and temperature were optimized prior to the gas chromatography analysis. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 1.28-5.92 μg kg-1. This method showed good linearity for 2-F and 5-HMF in the ranges of 40-50 000 and 4540-500 000 μg kg-1, respectively, with coefficients of determination more than 0.9995. Single fiber repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were less than 6.76% and 9.12%, respectively. The new method was successfully utilized to determine the amounts of 2-F and 5-HMF in the real solid food matrix without the need for tedious pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Raofie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Falsafi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
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9
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De Alvarenga G, Hryniewicz BM, Jasper I, Silva RJ, Klobukoski V, Costa FS, Cervantes TN, Amaral CD, Schneider JT, Bach-Toledo L, Peralta-Zamora P, Valerio TL, Soares F, Silva BJ, Vidotti M. Recent trends of micro and nanostructured conducting polymers in health and environmental applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Jin Y, Chen Z, Yang W, Yin X, Chen Y, Liu Y. Electrosynthesis of molybdate-doped P(ANI-co-PY) copolymer coating in ionic liquid for corrosion protection of 304 stainless steel. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Nanostructured polyaniline based pipette tip solid phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the selective determination of trace levels of three sulfonamides in honey and milk samples with the aid of experimental design methodology. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Duan Y. A double-functionalized polymeric ionic liquid used as solid-phase microextraction coating for efficient aromatic amine extraction and detection with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2209-2221. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Lashgari M, Yamini Y. An overview of the most common lab-made coating materials in solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2019; 191:283-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Zheng J, Huang J, Yang Q, Ni C, Xie X, Shi Y, Sun J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Fabrications of novel solid phase microextraction fiber coatings based on new materials for high enrichment capability. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Shamsayei M, Mehraban JA. A nanocomposite prepared from a polypyrrole deep eutectic solvent and coated onto the inner surface of a steel capillary for electrochemically controlled microextraction of acidic drugs such as losartan. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:169. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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A nanocomposite consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate), graphene oxide and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of aromatic amines. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Polymeric ionic liquid based on magnetic materials fabricated through layer-by-layer assembly as adsorbents for extraction of pesticides. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1522:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Liu C, Liao Y, Huang X. Fabrication of polymeric ionic liquid-modified magnetic adsorbent for extraction of apolar and polar pollutants in complicated samples. Talanta 2017; 172:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Ebrahimpour E, Amiri A, Baghayeri M, Rouhi M, Lakouraj MM. Poly (indole-co-thiophene)@Fe3O4 as novel adsorbents for the extraction of aniline derivatives from water samples. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Amiri A, Saadati-Moshtaghin HR, Zonoz FM, Targhoo A. Preparation and characterization of magnetic Wells–Dawson heteropoly acid nanoparticles for magnetic solid-phase extraction of aromatic amines in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1483:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Ai Y, Wu M, Li L, Zhao F, Zeng B. Highly selective and effective solid phase microextraction of benzoic acid esters using ionic liquid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-doped polyaniline coating. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:1-7. [PMID: 26852620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports the electrochemical fabrication of an ionic liquid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-polyaniline (MWCNT@IL/PANI) nanocomposite coating and its application in the headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) determination of benzoic acid esters (i.e., methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate and butyl benzoate). The MWCNTs was firstly functionalized with amine-terminated IL (MWCNT@IL) through chemical reduction, and then was doped in PANI during the electropolymerization of aniline. The resulting coating was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetry. It showed net-like structure and had high thermal stability (up to 330°C). Furthermore, it presented high selectivity for the four benzoic acid esters and thus suited for their HS-SPME-GC determination. Results showed that under optimized extraction conditions, the detection limits were less than 6.1ngL(-1) (S/N=3) and the linear detection ranges were 0.012-50μgL(-1) (R≥0.9957) for these analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 6.4% for five successive measurements with one fiber, and the RSDs for fiber-to-fiber were 4.4-9.6% (n=5). The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of these benzoic acid esters in perfume samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Ai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Mian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lulu Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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22
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Ai Y, Wu M, Yang L, Zhao F, Zeng B. Durable porous polyaniline supported ionic liquid coating for the highly effective solid phase microextraction of trace fatty alcohols in drinks. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyaniline (PANI)-ionic liquid (IL) based solid phase microextraction (SPME) coating is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Ai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Mian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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23
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Bagheri H, Javanmardi H, Abbasi A, Banihashemi S. A metal organic framework-polyaniline nanocomposite as a fiber coating for solid phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction using poly(para-phenylenediamine) modified with magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbent for analysis of monocyclic aromatic amines in water and urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1415:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Hydrophobic coating of polyaniline-poly(propylene oxide) copolymer for direct immersion solid phase microextraction of carbamate pesticides. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Pena-Pereira F, Marcinkowski Ł, Kloskowski A, Namieśnik J. Ionogel fibres of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion-based ionic liquids for the headspace solid-phase microextraction of chlorinated organic pollutants. Analyst 2015; 140:7417-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the immobilization of different ionic liquids on a SPME fibre was developed and optimized. A hybrid sorbent was successfully applied for the isolation of chlorinated organics from water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Pena-Pereira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT)
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Ł. Marcinkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT)
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - A. Kloskowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT)
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - J. Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT)
- 80-233 Gdańsk
- Poland
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