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Chen A, Liu S. Open Tubular Liquid Chromatographic System for Using Columns with Inner Diameter of 2 µm. A Tutorial. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractThere is a growing need for chemical analyses to be performed in the field, at the point of need. Tools and techniques often found in analytical chemistry laboratories are necessary in performing these analyses, yet have, historically, been unable to do so owing to their size, cost and complexity. Technical advances in miniaturisation and liquid chromatography are enabling the translation of these techniques out of the laboratory, and into the field. Here we examine the advances that are enabling portable liquid chromatography (LC). We explore the evolution of portable instrumentation from its inception to the most recent advances, highlighting the trends in the field and discussing the necessary criteria for developing in-field solutions. While instrumentation is becoming more capable it has yet to find adoption outside of research.
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Li L, Wang X, Pu Q, Liu S. Advancement of electroosmotic pump in microflow analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1060:1-16. [PMID: 30902323 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review (with 152 references) covers the progress made in the development and application of electroosmotic pumps in a period from 2009 through 2018 in microflow analysis. Following a short introduction, the review first categorizes various electroosmotic pumps into five subclasses based on the materials used for pumping: i) open channel EOP, 2) packed-column EOP, iii) porous monolith EOP, iv) porous membrane EOP, and v) other types of EOP. Pumps in each subclass are discussed. A next section covers EOP applications, primarily the applications of EOPs in micro flow analysis and micro/nano liquid chromatography. Other scattered applications are also examined. Perspectives, trends and challenges are discussed in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States.
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Chen A, Lynch KB, Ren J, Jia Z, Yang Y, Lu JJ, Liu S. Tunable Electroosmosis-Based Femto-Liter Pipette: A Promising Tool toward Living-Cell Surgery. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10806-10812. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Apeng Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Kyle B. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jiangtao Ren
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhijian Jia
- School
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Joann J. Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Lynch KB, Chen A, Liu S. Miniaturized high-performance liquid chromatography instrumentation. Talanta 2017; 177:94-103. [PMID: 29108588 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has attracted increasing attention for its potential in high-throughput analyses and point-of-care applications. In this review we highlight the recent advancements in HPLC system miniaturization. We focus on the major components that constitute these instruments along with their respective advantages and drawbacks as well as present a few representative miniaturized HPLC systems. We discuss briefly some of the applications and also anticipate the future development trends of these instrumental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, USA.
| | - Apeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, USA
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Lynch KB, Chen A, Yang Y, Lu JJ, Liu S. High-performance liquid chromatographic cartridge with gradient elution capability coupled with UV absorbance detector and mass spectrometer for peptide and protein analysis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2752-2758. [PMID: 28514057 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the construction and performance of a high-performance liquid chromatography cartridge that we developed that resulted from a culmination of previous research. We have recently developed an innovative approach to creating gradient elutions using dual electroosmotic pumps and a series of three valves. This method has been proved to be the most reproducible and robust in producing gradients compared to our previously tested methods. Using this approach, we have assembled a high-performance liquid chromatography cartridge powered and controlled via a computer. We have successfully coupled the cartridge with an ultraviolet absorbance detector and a mass spectrometer for separating complex protein/peptide samples. The cartridge is readily coupled with other detectors such as electrochemical detector and laser-induced fluorescence detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Apeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Joann J Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Blue LE, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias JP, Grinias KM, Lunn DB, Moore SM. Recent advances in capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:17-39. [PMID: 28599863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the twenty years since its initial demonstration, capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has proven to be one of most powerful separation techniques for the analysis of complex mixtures. This review focuses on the most recent advances made since 2010 towards increasing the performance of such separations. Improvements in capillary column preparation techniques that have led to columns with unprecedented performance are described. New stationary phases and phase supports that have been reported over the past decade are detailed, with a focus on their use in capillary formats. A discussion on the instrument developments that have been required to ensure that extra-column effects do not diminish the intrinsic efficiency of these columns during analysis is also included. Finally, the impact of these capillary UHPLC topics on the field of proteomics and ways in which capillary UHPLC may continue to be applied to the separation of complex samples are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Blue
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Edward G Franklin
- HPLC Research & Development, Restek Corp., Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | - Justin M Godinho
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Kaitlin M Grinias
- Department of Product Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Daniel B Lunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Chen X, Hu Z, Zhang L, Yao Z, Chen X, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Cui X, Song H. Numerical and Experimental Study on a Microfluidic Concentration Gradient Generator for Arbitrary Approximate Linear and Quadratic Concentration Curve Output. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work introduces a simple and versatile method for researching the concentration gradient generator (CGG) which can present the arbitrary approximate linear and quadratic concentration gradient curves output. The concentration gradients of arbitrary approximate linear curves with two inlets and arbitrary quadratic curves in the CGG with three inlets are obtained with the corresponding flow velocities. The CGG was simulated basing on the finite element method (FEM). The fluid-dynamic and mass-transport about the CGG was studied. Moreover, the feasibility of simulation was clearly verified by an experiment which two microfluidic chips of CGG on the PMMA substrate were processed using CNC engraving and milling machine. The paper successfully demonstrates the controllability of concentration gradient profiles in CGG with two inlets and three inlets. The study on the CGG can help the trends study of cell and molecule in different samples in the biochemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueye Chen
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Zengliang Hu
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Qing Wang
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Xuemiao Cui
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
| | - Hongxu Song
- Faulty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation , Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou 121001 , China
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Zhang M, Chen A, Lu JJ, Cao C, Liu S. Monitoring gradient profile on-line in micro- and nano-high performance liquid chromatography using conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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