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Li J, Hu W, Liu M, Tian Y, He M, Liu H. Simultaneous determination of folic acid photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300763. [PMID: 38576331 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is easily photodegraded to yield 6-formylpterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, which can generate reactive oxygen species and result in the formation of oxidized guanine derivatives such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxy-guanosine. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry strategy for the simultaneous determination of FA photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 5.0 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Plasma samples were first pretreated with 1% formic acid, followed by protein precipitation with methanol. The developed method showed good linear relationships between 1 and 2000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99). The intra- and inter-day precisions ranged from 2.6% to 7.5% and from 2.5% to 6.5%, respectively. Recoveries of the analytes were between 75.4% and 112.4% with the relative standard deviation < 9.1%. Finally, the method was applied to quantify FA photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in rats with light and non-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Manni He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Theme 10 - Disease Stratification and Phenotyping of Patients. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023; 24:230-244. [PMID: 37966327 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2260202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
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Autoxidation Kinetics of Tetrahydrobiopterin-Giving Quinonoid Dihydrobiopterin the Consideration It Deserves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031267. [PMID: 36770933 PMCID: PMC9921404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip) is the cofactor of several essential hydroxylation reactions which dysfunction cause very serious diseases at any age. Hence, the determination of pterins in biological media is of outmost importance in the diagnosis and monitoring of H4Bip deficiency. More than half a century after the discovery of the physiological role of H4Bip and the recent advent of gene therapy for dopamine and serotonin disorders linked to H4Bip deficiency, the quantification of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qH2Bip), the transient intermediate of H4Bip, has not been considered yet. This is mainly due to its short half-life, which goes from 0.9 to 5 min according to previous studies. Based on our recent disclosure of the specific MS/MS transition of qH2Bip, here, we developed an efficient HPLC-MS/MS method to achieve the separation of qH2Bip from H4Bip and other oxidation products in less than 3.5 min. The application of this method to the investigation of H4Bip autoxidation kinetics clearly shows that qH2Bip's half-life is much longer than previously reported, and mostly longer than that of H4Bip, irrespective of the considered experimental conditions. These findings definitely confirm that an accurate method of H4Bip analysis should include the quantification of qH2Bip.
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Boulghobra A, Bonose M. Quantification of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Metabolites and Cofactors in Cerebrospinal Fluid: State-of-the-Art. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36476251 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2151833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism are rare diseases characterized by nonspecific neurological symptoms. These symptoms appear in early childhood and correspond to movement disorders, epilepsy, sleep disorders and/or mental disability. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have been identified and validated to allow specific diagnosis of these diseases. Biomarkers of inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites are divided in two groups: monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites and pterins. Biomarkers quantification in cerebrospinal fluid is based on high-performance liquid chromatography separation coupled to electrochemical detection, fluorescence detection, or mass spectrometry. The following article reviews the advances in the proposed routine methods for the measurement of these analytes in cerebrospinal fluid. The purpose of this review is to compare the various proposed methods in terms of sample preparation, chromatographic conditions and detection modes. Despite the broad range of proposed methods, quantification of inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter biomarkers remains a great challenge, given the complexity of biological fluids and the low amounts of analytes that are present in cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Boulghobra
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Myriam Bonose
- Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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Alhajji E, Boulghobra A, Bonose M, Berthias F, Moussa F, Maître P. Multianalytical Approach for Deciphering the Specific MS/MS Transition and Overcoming the Challenge of the Separation of a Transient Intermediate, Quinonoid Dihydrobiopterin. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12578-12585. [PMID: 36074025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent technological developments in analytical chemistry, separation and direct characterization of transient intermediates remain an analytical challenge. Among these, separation and direct characterization of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qH2Bip), a transient intermediate of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip)-dependent hydroxylation reactions, essential in living organisms, with important and varied human pathophysiological impacts, are a clear illustration. H4Bip regeneration may be impaired by competitive nonenzymatic autoxidation reactions, such as isomerization of qH2Bip into a more stable 7,8-H2Bip (H2Bip) isomer, and subsequent nonenzymatic oxidation reactions. The quinonoid qH2Bip intermediate thus plays a key role in H4Bip-dependent hydroxylation reactions. However, only a few experimental results have indirectly confirmed this finding while revealing the difficulty of isolating qH2Bip from H4Bip-containing solutions. As a result, no current H4Bip assay method allows this isomer to be quantified even by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Here, we report isolation, structural characterization, and abundance of qH2Bip formed upon H4Bip autoxidation using three methods integrated into MS/MS. First, we characterized the structure of the two observed H2B isomers using IR photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Then, we used differential ion mobility spectrometry to fully separate all oxidized forms of H4Bip including qH2Bip. These data are consistent and show that qH2Bip can also be unambiguously identified thanks to its specific MS/MS transition. This finding paves the way for the quantification of qH2Bip with MS/MS methods. Most importantly, the half-life value of this intermediate is nearly equivalent to that of H4Bip (tens of minutes), suggesting that an accurate method of H4Bip analysis should include the quantification of qH2Bip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskander Alhajji
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Ayoub Boulghobra
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Bonose
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Francis Berthias
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Fathi Moussa
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maître
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Rasmussen L, Foulks Z, Wu J, Burton C, Shi H. Establishing pteridine metabolism in a progressive isogenic breast cancer cell model - part II. Metabolomics 2022; 18:27. [PMID: 35482254 PMCID: PMC10030290 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Determining the biological significance of pteridines in cancer development and progression remains an important step in understanding the altered levels of urinary pteridines seen in certain cancers. Our companion study revealed that several folate-derived pteridines and lumazines correlated with tumorigenicity in an isogenic, progressive breast cancer cell model, providing direct evidence for the tumorigenic origin of pteridines. OBJECTIVES This study sought to elucidate the pteridine biosynthetic pathway in a progressive breast cancer model via direct pteridine dosing to determine how pteridine metabolism changes with tumorigenicity. METHODS First, MCF10AT breast cancer cells were dosed individually with 15 pteridines to determine which pteridines were being metabolized and what metabolic products were being produced. Second, pteridines that were significantly metabolized were dosed individually across the progressive breast cancer cell model (MCF10A, MCF10AT, and MCF10ACA1a) to determine the relationship between each metabolic reaction and breast cancer tumorigenicity. RESULTS Several pteridines were found to have altered metabolism in breast cancer cell lines, including pterin, isoxanthopterin, xanthopterin, sepiapterin, 6-biopterin, lumazine, and 7-hydroxylumazine (p < 0.05). In particular, isoxanthopterin and 6-biopterin concentrations were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) with respect to tumorigenicity following dosing with pterin and sepiapterin, respectively. Finally, the pteridine biosynthetic pathway in breast cancer cells was proposed based on these findings. CONCLUSIONS This study, along with its companion study, demonstrates that pteridine metabolism becomes disrupted in breast cancer tumor cells. This work highlights several key metabolic reactions within the pteridine biosynthetic pathway that may be targeted for further investigation and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, 65409, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Zachary Foulks
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, 65409, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 65409, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Casey Burton
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, 65409, Rolla, MO, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 65409, Rolla, MO, USA.
- Phelps Health, 65401, Rolla, MO, USA.
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, 65409, Rolla, MO, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 65409, Rolla, MO, USA.
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Shepheard SR, Karnaros V, Benyamin B, Schultz DW, Dubowsky M, Wuu J, Tim C, Malaspina A, Benatar M, Rogers ML. Urinary neopterin: a novel biomarker of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:990-999. [PMID: 34967083 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate urinary neopterin, a marker of pro-inflammatory state, as a potential biomarker of disease prognosis and progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and to compare its utility to urinary neurotrophin receptor p75 extracellular domain (p75ECD ). METHODS Observational study including 21 healthy controls and 46 people with ALS, 29 of whom were sampled longitudinally. Neopterin and p75ECD were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Baseline and longitudinal changes in clinical measures, neopterin and urinary p75ECD were examined, and prognostic utility explored by survival analysis. RESULTS At baseline, urinary neopterin was higher in ALS compared to controls (181.7 ± 78.9 μmol/mol creatinine vs 120.4 ± 60.8 μmol/mol creatinine, p= 0.002, Welch's t-test) and correlated with ALSFRS-R (r= -0.36, p= 0.01). Combining previously published urinary p75ECD results from 22 ALS patients with a further 24 ALS patients, baseline urinary p75ECD was also higher compared to healthy controls (6.0 ± 2.7 vs 3.2 ± 1.0 ng/mg creatinine p<0.0001) and correlated with ALSFRS-R (r= -0.36, p= 0.01). Urinary neopterin and p75ECD correlated with each other at baseline (r= 0.38, p= 0.009). In longitudinal analysis, urinary neopterin increased on average (±SE) by 6.8 ± 1.1 μmol/mol creatinine per month (p<0.0001) and p75ECD by 0.19 ± 0.02 ng/mg creatinine per month (p<0.0001) from diagnosis in 29 ALS patients. CONCLUSION Urinary neopterin holds promise as marker of disease progression in ALS and is worthy of future evaluation for its potential to predict response to anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Shepheard
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vassilios Karnaros
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health & Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South, Australia
| | - David W Schultz
- Neurology Department and MND Clinic, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Dubowsky
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Dept. of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chataway Tim
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Neuromuscular Department, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
| | - Michael Benatar
- Dept. of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mary-Louise Rogers
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Rasmussen L, Foulks Z, Burton C, Shi H. Establishing pteridine metabolism in a progressive isogenic breast cancer cell model. Metabolomics 2021; 18:2. [PMID: 34919200 PMCID: PMC10067363 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pteridines include folate-derived metabolites that have been putatively associated with certain cancers in clinical studies. However, their biological significance in cancer metabolism and role in cancer development and progression remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tumorigenicity on pteridine metabolism by studying a panel of 15 pteridine derivatives using a progressive breast cancer cell line model with and without folic acid dosing. METHODS The MCF10A progressive breast cancer model, including sequentially derived MCF10A (benign), MCF10AT (premalignant), and MCF10CA1a (malignant) cell lines were dosed with 0, 100, and 250 mg/L folic acid. Pteridines were analyzed in both intracellular and extracellular contexts using an improved high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. RESULTS Pteridines were located predominately in the extracellular media. Folic acid dosing increased extracellular levels of pterin, 6-hydroxylumazine, xanthopterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, and 6-carboxypterin in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, pterin and 6-hydroxylumazine levels were positively correlated with tumorigenicity upon folate dosing. CONCLUSIONS Folic acid is a primary driver for pteridine metabolism in human breast cell. Higher folate levels contribute to increased formation and excretion of pteridine derivatives to the extracellular media. In breast cancer, this metabolic pathway becomes dysregulated, resulting in the excretion of certain pteridine derivatives and providing in vitro evidence for the observation of elevated pteridines in the urine of breast cancer patients. Finally, this study reports a novel use of the MCF10A progressive breast cancer model for metabolomics applications that may readily be applied to other metabolites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Zachary Foulks
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Casey Burton
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
- Phelps Health, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA.
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
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Stuart CM, Zotova E, Koster G, Varatharaj A, Richardson G, Cornick FR, Weal M, Newman TA, Postle AD, Galea I. High-Throughput Urinary Neopterin-to-Creatinine Ratio Monitoring of Systemic Inflammation. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 5:101-113. [PMID: 31704895 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2019.030007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation is a marker of ill health and has prognostic implications in multiple health settings. Urinary neopterin is an excellent candidate as a nonspecific marker of systemic inflammation. Expression as urinary neopterin-to-creatinine ratio (UNCR) normalizes for urinary hydration status. Major attractions include (a) urine vs blood sampling, (b) integration of inflammation over a longer period compared with serum sampling, and (c) high stability of neopterin and creatinine. METHODS A high-throughput ultraperformance LC-MS method was developed to measure neopterin and creatinine together from the same urine sample. The assay was applied in several clinical scenarios: healthy controls, symptomatic infections, and multiple sclerosis. Area under the curve was compared between weekly and monthly sampling scenarios. Analysis of a single pooled sample was compared with averaging results from analysis of individual samples. RESULTS The assay has excellent intraassay and interassay precision, linearity of dilution, and spike and recovery. Higher UNCR was demonstrated in female vs male individuals, older age, inflammatory disease (multiple sclerosis), and symptomatic infections. In healthy controls, fluctuations in inflammatory state also occurred in the absence of symptomatic infection or other inflammatory triggers. Analysis of a single pooled sample, made up from weekly urine samples, integrates inflammatory activity over time. CONCLUSIONS UNCR is a useful biomarker of systemic inflammation. The method presented offers simplicity, speed, robustness, reproducibility, efficiency, and proven utility in clinical scenarios. UNCR fluctuations underline the importance of longitudinal monitoring, vs a single time point, to capture a more representative estimate of an individual's inflammatory state over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Stuart
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elina Zotova
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Grielof Koster
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aravinthan Varatharaj
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Grace Richardson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Faye R Cornick
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Weal
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tracey A Newman
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Galea
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Jung-Klawitter S, Kuseyri Hübschmann O. Analysis of Catecholamines and Pterins in Inborn Errors of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Metabolism-From Past to Future. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080867. [PMID: 31405045 PMCID: PMC6721669 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis and degradation belong to the rare inborn errors of metabolism. They are caused by monogenic variants in the genes encoding the proteins involved in (1) neurotransmitter biosynthesis (like tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)), (2) in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor biosynthesis (GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH), 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), sepiapterin reductase (SPR)) and recycling (pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD), dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR)), or (3) in co-chaperones (DNAJC12). Clinically, they present early during childhood with a lack of monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and its products norepinephrine and epinephrine. Classical symptoms include autonomous dysregulations, hypotonia, movement disorders, and developmental delay. Therapy is predominantly based on supplementation of missing cofactors or neurotransmitter precursors. However, diagnosis is difficult and is predominantly based on quantitative detection of neurotransmitters, cofactors, and precursors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and blood. This review aims at summarizing the diverse analytical tools routinely used for diagnosis to determine quantitatively the amounts of neurotransmitters and cofactors in the different types of samples used to identify patients suffering from these rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jung-Klawitter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oya Kuseyri Hübschmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Burton C, Ma Y. Current Trends in Cancer Biomarker Discovery Using Urinary Metabolomics: Achievements and New Challenges. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5-28. [PMID: 28914192 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170914102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of effective screening methods for early cancer detection is one of the foremost challenges facing modern cancer research. Urinary metabolomics has recently emerged as a potentially transformative approach to cancer biomarker discovery owing to its noninvasive sampling characteristics and robust analytical feasibility. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of new developments in urinary metabolomics, cover the most promising aspects of hyphenated techniques in untargeted and targeted metabolomics, and to discuss technical and clinical limitations in addition to the emerging challenges in the field of urinary metabolomics and its application to cancer biomarker discovery. METHODS A systematic review of research conducted in the past five years on the application of urinary metabolomics to cancer biomarker discovery was performed. Given the breadth of this topic, our review focused on the five most widely studied cancers employing urinary metabolomics approaches, including lung, breast, bladder, prostate, and ovarian cancers. RESULTS As an extension of conventional metabolomics, urinary metabolomics has benefitted from recent technological developments in nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, gas and liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis that have improved urine metabolome coverage and analytical reproducibility. Extensive metabolic profiling in urine has revealed a significant number of altered metabolic pathways and putative biomarkers, including pteridines, modified nucleosides, and acylcarnitines, that have been associated with cancer development and progression. CONCLUSION Urinary metabolomics presents a transformative new approach toward cancer biomarker discovery with high translational capacity to early cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Burton
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
| | - Yinfa Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States
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Yuan TF, Huang HQ, Gao L, Wang ST, Li Y. A novel and reliable method for tetrahydrobiopterin quantification: Benzoyl chloride derivatization coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 118:119-125. [PMID: 29501564 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a crucial cofactor for nitric oxide synthase, acylglycerol mono-oxygenase and aromatic amino acids hydroxylases. Its significant function for redox pathways in vivo attracted much attention for long. However, because of the oxidizable and substoichiometric nature, analysis of BH4 has never been truly achieved with adequate sensitivity and applicability. In the present work, we pioneeringly stabilized BH4 by derivatizing the active secondary amine on five-position with benzoyl chloride (BC). Benefiting from the favorable chemical stability and excellent mass spectrometric sensitivity of the product (BH4-BC), ultra-sensitive and reliable quantification of endogenous BH4 in plasma was achieved using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In such methodology, BH4-BC-d5 was introduced as stable isotopic internal standard. And the limit of quantification (LOQ) could reach 0.02 ng mL-1. In the end, after investigation of plasma BH4 in healthy volunteers (n = 38), we found that the levels of BH4 were significantly and negatively correlated to age. Comparing with all the other existed strategies, the present method was obviously superior in sensitivity, specificity and practical applicability. It could be expected that this work could largely promote the future studies in BH4-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Han-Qi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shao-Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Xiong X, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Simultaneous determination of twelve polar pteridines including dihydro- and tetrahydropteridine in human urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4244. [PMID: 29575016 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pteridines and their derivatives are important cofactors in the process of cell metabolism, and the level of urinary excretion of these compounds is considered as an important clinical criterion. In this work, a new separation method involving hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with tandem mass spectrometric detection has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of 12 pteridines including oxidized, di- and tetrahydroforms, namely neopterin, 7,8-dihydroneopterin, biopterin, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin, dimethylpterin, dimethyltetrahydropterin, pterin, isoxanthopterin, xanthopterin, sepiapterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, in human urine without oxidative pretreatments. The stabilizing agent (dithiothreitol) at various concentrations and the stability of oxidized, di- and tetrahydroforms during the sample's short-term storage and processing and of the extracts were tested. In the developed method, 12 pteridines were chromatographically separated on an ZIC-HILIC column by gradient elution, and the run time was 20 min. Matrix effect was evaluated and several dilutions of urine were tested in order to study the evolution of signal suppression. Spiked recovery studies demonstrated that the technique was both accurate (83.1-116.7%) and precise (RSD 1.4-15.6%). Finally, several clinical urine specimens without oxidative pretreatments were examined with the new technique and compared with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pteridine determination in human serum with special emphasis on HPLC methods with fluorimetric detection. Pteridines 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pterid-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Conjugated and unconjugated pteridines and their derivatives are important cofactors in cellular metabolism. Hence, the amount of unconjugated pteridines in biological fluids has been found to be modified as a result of several disorders. It is necessary to note that while for the control of pteridines in urine samples there are numerous reference data, the literature referred to for the analysis of these analytes in serum/plasma is scarce. In biological fluids, pteridines can exist in different oxidation states, and these compounds can be classified into two groups according to: (a) oxidized or aromatic pteridines and (b) reduced pteridines. Oxidized pteridines yield a strong fluorescence signal, whereas reduced pteridines present a low quantum yield of fluorescence. In order to enable the analysis of the reduced forms, several preoxidation procedures to generate aromatic rings have been established. Also, stabilization of the reduced forms by the addition of reducing agents has been widely reported. The objective of this paper is to show possibilities and different approaches in the analysis of pteridines in serum samples. We have mainly focused on the description of the current situation in the application of high-performance chromatography methods with fluorimetric detection.
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Abstract
Abstract
Pteridines and their derivatives function as intermediates in the metabolism of several vitamins and cofactors, and their relevance to disease has inspired new efforts to study their roles as disease biomarkers. Recent analytical advances, such as the emergence of sensitive mass spectrometry techniques, new workflows for measuring pteridine derivatives in their native oxidation states and increased multiplexing capacities for the simultaneous determination of many pteridine derivatives, have enabled researchers to explore the roles of urinary pteridines as disease biomarkers at much lower levels with greater accuracy than with previous technologies or methods. As a result, urinary pteridines are being increasingly studied as putative cancer biomarkers with promising results being reported from exploratory studies. In addition, the role of urinary neopterin as a universal biomarker for immune system activation is being investigated in new diseases where it is anticipated to become a useful supplementary marker in clinical diagnostic settings. In summary, this review provides an overview of recent developments in the clinical study of urinary pteridines as disease biomarkers, covers the most promising aspects of advanced analytical techniques being developed for the determination of urinary pteridines and discusses the major challenges associated with implementing pteridine biomarkers in clinical laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Burton
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Yinfa Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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