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Li J, Huang L, Guo Y, Cupp-Sutton KA, Wu S. An automated spray-capillary platform for the microsampling and CE-MS analysis of picoliter- and nanoliter-volume samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6961-6973. [PMID: 37581707 PMCID: PMC10843549 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is an emerging analytical tool for microscale biological sample analysis that offers high separation resolution, low detection limit, and low sample consumption. We recently developed a novel microsampling device, "spray-capillary," for quantitative low-volume sample extraction (as low as 15 pL/s) and online CE-MS analysis. This platform can efficiently analyze picoliter samples (e.g., single cells) with minimal sample loss and no additional offline sample-handling steps. However, our original spray-capillary-based experiments required manual manipulation of the sample inlet for sample collection and separation, which is time consuming and requires proficiency in device handling. To optimize the performance of spray-capillary CE-MS analysis, we developed an automated platform for robust, high-throughput analysis of picoliter samples using a commercially available CE autosampler. Our results demonstrated high reproducibility among 50 continuous runs using the standard peptide angiotensin II (Ang II), with an RSD of 14.70% and 0.62% with respect to intensity and elution time, respectively. We also analyzed Ang II using varying injection times to evaluate the capability of the spray-capillary to perform quantitative sampling and found high linearity for peptide intensity with respect to injection time (R2 > 0.99). These results demonstrate the capability of the spray-capillary sampling platform for high-throughput quantitative analysis of low-volume, low-complexity samples using pressure elution (e.g., direct injection). To further evaluate and optimize the automated spray-capillary platform to analyze complex biological samples, we performed online CE-MS analysis on Escherichia coli lysate digest spiked with Ang II using varying injection times. We maintained high linearity of intensity with respect to injection time for Ang II and E. coli peptides (R2 > 0.97 in all cases). Furthermore, we observed good CE separation and high reproducibility between automated runs. Overall, we demonstrated that the automated spray-capillary CE-MS platform can efficiently and reproducibly sample picoliter and nanoliter biological samples for high-throughput proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Lushuang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yanting Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kellye A Cupp-Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Rejeeth C, Varukattu NB, Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Arumugam N. A novel device for swift and efficient CD44 protein digestion of pipette tips in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123840. [PMID: 37494752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
For molecular diagnostics in modern biomedical research, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) based on proteome profiling is important. Now a days, sample preparation such as proteolysis and protein extraction remain incredibly challenging and inefficient. Recent sample-preparation methods based on micro tips show promising results toward the aim "a proteome in an hour". Proteolysis at the tip, is still infrequently observed and does not represent the processing of complex bio-samples. In this study, we outline a unique technique for detecting and extracting human serum CD44 biomarkers by ligand-protein interactions. This method employs macropores silica particles (MPSP) or (MOSF) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA). In order to assist in the profile of the human serum proteome, we limitations of immunoassays for rapid and multimodal proteolysis. For effective in situ proteolysis, in micropipette tips, MPSP were designed as nanoreactors with variable pore size and surface chemistry. In MS-based bottom-up proteome analysis, the device as-built demonstrated favourable sensitivity (LOD of 0.304 ± 0.007 ng/mL and LOQ of 0.973 ± 0.054 ng/mL), selectivity, durability (at -20 °C for 2 months), reuse (at least 10 times), and minimal memory impact. In addition, we examined into specific surface chemistries of nanoparticles for the absorption of proteins in serum and profiled the HA-binding serum proteome, setting a new preliminary benchmark for future databases. Our study not only helped establish a new platform for extracting/detection of CD44 and identifying the HA-binding proteome, but it also offered design recommendations for ligand affinity-based techniques for the antibody-free study of serum biomarkers with a view towards diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrababu Rejeeth
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India.
| | - Nipun Babu Varukattu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, The University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu C, Yang S, Li H, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Shen F, Zhang L, Yang P, Liu X. Rapid sample preparation workflow based on enzymatic nanoreactors for potential serum biomarker discovery in pancreatic cancer. Talanta 2022; 238:123018. [PMID: 34808569 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have been extensively applied in clinical practice to discover potential protein and peptide biomarkers. However, the traditional sample pretreatment workflow remains labor-intensive and time-consuming, which limits the application of MS-based proteomic biomarker discovery studies in a high throughput manner. In the current work, we improved the previously reported procedure of the simple and rapid sample preparation methods (RSP) by introducing macroporous ordered siliceous foams (MOSF), namely RSP-MOSF. With the aid of MOSF, we further reduced the digestion time to 10 min, facilitating the whole sample handling process within 30 min. Combining with 30 min direct data independent acquisition (DIA) of LC-MS/MS, we accomplished a serum sample analysis in 1 h. Comparing with the RSP method, the performance of protein and peptide identification, quantitation, as well as the reproducibility of RSP-MOSF is comparable or even outperformed the RSP method. We further applied this workflow to analyze serum samples for potential candidate biomarker discovery of pancreatic cancer. Overall, 576 serum proteins were detected with 41 proteins significantly changed, which could serve as potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of RSP-MOSF method in a 96-well plate format which demonstrated an excellent reproducibility of the analysis. These results indicated that RSP-MOSF method had the potential to be applied on an automatic platform for further scaled analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Zhu
- The Fifth People Hospital, Fudan University, And the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- The Fifth People Hospital, Fudan University, And the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hengchao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yueting Xiong
- The Fifth People Hospital, Fudan University, And the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fenglin Shen
- The Fifth People Hospital, Fudan University, And the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Fifth People Hospital, Fudan University, And the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- The Fifth People Hospital, Fudan University, And the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- The Fifth People Hospital, Fudan University, And the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Liu X, Song N, Qian D, Gu S, Pu J, Huang L, Liu J, Qian K. Porous Inorganic Materials for Bioanalysis and Diagnostic Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4092-4109. [PMID: 34494831 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porous inorganic materials play an important role in adsorbing targeted analytes and supporting efficient reactions in analytical science. The detection performance relies on the structural properties of porous materials, considering the tunable pore size, shape, connectivity, etc. Herein, we first clarify the enhancement mechanisms of porous materials for bioanalysis, concerning the detection sensitivity and selectivity. The diagnostic applications of porous material-assisted platforms by coupling with various analytical techniques, including electrochemical sensing, optical spectrometry, and mass spectrometry, etc., are then reviewed. We foresee that advanced porous materials will bring far-reaching implications in bioanalysis toward real-case applications, especially as diagnostic assays in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Naikun Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Dahong Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Sai Gu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Pu
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU27XH, United Kingdom.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, 568 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.,Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
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AZHAR I, LIU X, HE HY, QU QS, YANG L. A Syringe-Filter-based Portable Microreactor for Size-selective Proteolysis of Low Molecular-weight Proteins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu J, Cai C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Tian T, Yao Y, Wei J, Chen R, Zhang K, Liu B, Qian K. A Biomimetic Plasmonic Nanoreactor for Reliable Metabolite Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903730. [PMID: 32440487 PMCID: PMC7237842 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reliable monitoring of metabolites in biofluids is critical for diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of various diseases. Although widely used, existing enzymatic metabolite assays face challenges in clinical practice primarily due to the susceptibility of enzyme activity to external conditions and the low sensitivity of sensing strategies. Inspired by the micro/nanoscale confined catalytic environment in living cells, the coencapsulation of oxidoreductase and metal nanoparticles within the nanopores of macroporous silica foams to fabricate all-in-one bio-nanoreactors is reported herein for use in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based metabolic assays. The enhancement of catalytical activity and stability of enzyme against high temperatures, long-time storage or proteolytic agents are demonstrated. The nanoreactors recognize and catalyze oxidation of the metabolite, and provide ratiometric SERS response in the presence of the enzymatic by-product H2O2, enabling sensitive metabolite quantification in a "sample in and answer out" manner. The nanoreactor makes any oxidoreductase-responsible metabolite a candidate for quantitative SERS sensing, as shown for glucose and lactate. Glucose levels of patients with bacterial infection are accurately analyzed with only 20 µL of cerebrospinal fluids, indicating the potential application of the nanoreactor in vitro clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Children's HospitalMed‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
| | - Chenlei Cai
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200433China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Department of ChemistryInstitutes of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Children's HospitalMed‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Children's HospitalMed‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
| | - Tongtong Tian
- Department of ChemistryInstitutes of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Department of ChemistryInstitutes of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Children's HospitalMed‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
| | - Ruoping Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Children's HospitalMed‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Children's HospitalMed‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of ChemistryInstitutes of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of PolymersFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai Children's HospitalMed‐X Research Institute and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
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Yi L, Piehowski PD, Shi T, Smith RD, Qian WJ. Advances in microscale separations towards nanoproteomics applications. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:40-48. [PMID: 28765000 PMCID: PMC6042839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microscale separation (e.g., liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has become the primary tool for advanced proteomics, an indispensable technology for gaining understanding of complex biological processes. In recent decades significant advances have been achieved in MS-based proteomics. However, the current proteomics platforms still face an analytical challenge in overall sensitivity towards nanoproteomics applications for starting materials of less than 1μg total proteins (e.g., cellular heterogeneity in tissue pathologies). Herein, we review recent advances in microscale separation techniques and integrated sample processing strategies that improve the overall sensitivity and proteome coverage of the proteomics workflow, and their contributions towards nanoproteomics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yi
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
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