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Mao Z, Chen J, Jiang D, Zhao N, Qin Y, Mao X, Fang F, Ma P. Itaconic Acid-Based Organic-Polymer Monolithic Column for Hydrophilic Capillary Electrochromatography and Its Application in Pharmaceutical Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1554-1561. [PMID: 38222631 PMCID: PMC10785275 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Itaconic acid is an excellent hydrophilic monomer owing to the dicarboxylic group possessing strong polarity. This study reports on the preparation of a new organic-polymer monolithic column poly(itaconic acid-co-3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (poly(IA-co-AHM)) featuring excellent hydrophilic chromatography ability and its application in pharmaceutical analysis. The monolithic column was successfully synthesized by using the monomer itaconic acid and the cross-linker AHM through an in situ copolymerization method. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed for the characterization of the poly(IA-co-AHM) monolithic column, and all of these demonstrated that the prepared itaconic acid-based monolithic column exhibited satisfactory permeability and a homogeneous porous structure. Owing to the carboxylic groups of itaconic acid, a cathodic electroosmotic flow (EOF) was generated on the itaconic acid-based monolithic column among the pH ranges of the mobile phase from 4.0 to 9.0. Depending on the powerful hydrophilic interactions, different kinds of polar substances, including thioureas, nucleoside drugs, sulfonamides, and polypeptides, were separated efficiently by the itaconic acid-based monoliths poly(IA-co-AHM). The separations of polar compounds were successfully realized, even at a lower level of 50% acetonitrile content on this monolithic column. The highest column efficiencies corresponding to N,N'-dimethylthiourea and idoxuridine were 102 720 and 124 267 N/m, respectively. The poly(IA-co-AHM) monolithic column displayed excellent repeatability, whose relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time and peak area were both lower than 5.0%. All experimental results demonstrated that the new itaconic acid-functionalized monolithic column was greatly appropriate to separate the polar compounds under the HILIC mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jinxiu Chen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yinhui Qin
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiangju Mao
- Zhengzhou
Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Fengqin Fang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department
of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s
Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
- Department
of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
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2
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Rapid polymerization of polyhedral oligomeric siloxane-based zwitterionic sulfoalkylbetaine monolithic column in ionic liquid for hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1659:462651. [PMID: 34749184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel polyhedral oligomeric siloxane (POSS)-based zwitterionic monolithic capillary column was prepared via one-pot polymerization in ionic liquid porogen, using N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine (DMMSA) and methacrylic ethyl trimethylammonium chloride (META) as binary functional monomers, and methacryl substituted POSS as cross-linker. The pore structure, permeability and homogeneity were well tuned by optimizing the polymerization conditions. The resultant monolith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of zwitterionic ligand (DMMSA), quaternary amine group (META) and rigid POSS skeleton endows the hybrid organic-silica monolith with high hydrophilicity, electrostatic interaction and good mechanical stability, as well as a tunable electroosmotic flow over wide pH range. A close investigation of capillary electrochromatographic separations of different types of polar compounds such as bases, nucleosides and benzoic acids on such stationary phase exhibited a retention independent column efficiency up to 118,000 plates/m (thiourea), as well as a mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) retention mechanism including weak electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange.
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Mao Z, Li Z, Hu C, Liu Y, Cao Z, Chen Z. Strong hydrophilic monolithic column functionalized with amphiphilic benzyl quinine for capillary electrochromatography and application in pharmaceutical analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461031. [PMID: 32201038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An innovative strong hydrophilic organic polymer monolithic column of poly(N-benzylquininium chloride-co-1, 3, 5-triacryloylhexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine) (poly(NBQ-co-TAT)) has been successfully synthesized through in situ copolymerization for capillary electrochromatography. The amphiphilic monomer NBQ and the strong polar cross-linker TAT are firstly used in hydrophilic electrochromatography by taking advantage of the exhibition of hydrophilicity at lower levels of organic solvent and ease formation of porous structure. The monolithic column poly(NBQ-co-TAT) shows powerful hydrophilic selectivity with mobile phase containing more than 60% organic solvent. The introduction of NBQ and TAT enlarges the sources of functional monomers and cross-linkers for HILIC. Due to the presence of the positively charged group in NBQ, an anodic electroosmotic flow is generated with the change of pH values from 2.0 to 12.0. The monolithic column was used for the separations of thioureas, phenols, xanthines, nucleobases, acidic substances and pharmaceuticals. The highest column efficiency for N, N'-dimethylthiourea is 1.15 × 105 N m-1. The application of the monolithic column for a real sample, cytochrome C digestion indicates its great potential in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China.
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4
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Selected in vitro methods to determine antioxidant activity of hydrophilic/lipophilic substances. ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/acs-2019-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The topic of free radicals and related antioxidants is greatly discussed nowadays. Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals before damaging cells. In the absence of antioxidants, a phenomenon called oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative stress can cause many diseases e.g. Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, antioxidant activity of various compounds and the mechanism of their action have to be studied. Antioxidant activity and capacity are measured by in vitro and in vivo methods; in vitro methods are divided into two groups according to chemical reactions between free radicals and antioxidants. The first group is based on the transfer of hydrogen atoms (HAT), the second one on the transfer of electrons (ET). The most frequently used methods in the field of antioxidant power measurement are discussed in this work in terms of their principle, mechanism, methodology, the way of results evaluation and possible pitfalls.
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A monolithic capillary modified with a copoplymer prepared from the ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide and styrene for electrochromatography of alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, proteins and amino acids. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Gao X, Xie A, Yu H. Potential of hyperspectral imaging for nondestructive determination of chlorogenic acid content in Flos Lonicerae. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Mao Z, Chen Z. Advances in capillary electro-chromatography. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:227-237. [PMID: 31452960 PMCID: PMC6702421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a micro-scale separation technique which is a hybrid between capillary electrophoresis (CE) and liquid chromatography (LC). CEC can be performed in packed, monolithic and open-tubular columns. In recent three years (from 2016 to 2018), enormous attention for CEC has been the development of novel stationary phases. This review mainly covers the development of novel stationary phases for open-tubular and monolithic columns. In particular, some biomaterials attracted increasing interest. There are no significant breakthroughs in technology and principles in CEC. The typical CEC applications, especially chiral separations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China
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9
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Ma H, Liu T, Li J, Ding M, Gao XM, Chang YX. The in-capillary- 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography - Diode array detector method for screening and quantifying trace natural antioxidants from Schisandra chinensis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:147-155. [PMID: 30685187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An in-capillary 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography-diode array detector (ABTS+-sweeping MEKC-DAD) method was developed and successfully applied to screening and quantifying antioxidative ingredients from natural products. The parameters affecting sweeping and separation were optimized including components of background electrolyte and sample matrix. Comparing with previously reported MEKC, the sensitivity enhancement factors of trace natural antioxidants obtained by this proposed method were from 17 to 167. The limit of detection was as low as 6 ng·mL-1. The results of other validation parameters including linearity, reproducibility, accuracy and recovery were satisfactory. Seven compounds including schizandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin B, schisantherin A, schisanhenol, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B were identified as the main antioxidants in Schisandra chinensis. It was demonstrated that this developed in-capillary ABTS+-sweeping MEKC-DAD is simple, sensitive, reliable and rapid method for screening and quantifying trace antioxidants from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Mingya Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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10
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Zhang M, Gong L, Liu G, Kang J. Preparation of a monolithic column with a mixed-mode stationary phase of reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction for capillary liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:662-669. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of physical science and technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Guizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of physical science and technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jingwu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of physical science and technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai P. R. China
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Mao Z, Hu C, Li Z, Chen Z. A reversed-phase/hydrophilic bifunctional interaction mixed-mode monolithic column with biphenyl and quaternary ammonium stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography. Analyst 2019; 144:4386-4394. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel RPLC/HILIC mixed-mode monolithic column with biphenyl and quaternary ammonium stationary phases is synthesized for capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Changjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
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12
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Mao X, Liu L, Xiao F, Ni W, Cheng X. An innovative reversed-phase monolithic column modified with 4-vinylbiphenyl and ionic liquid stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A poly(VBP-co-EDMA-co-IL) monolithic column was used for electrochromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Mao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Lu Liu
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Fang Xiao
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Wenshan Ni
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
| | - Xintao Cheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
- CAGS
- Zhengzhou 450006
- P. R. China
- China National Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Industrial Minerals
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Optimization of an innovative vinylimidazole-based monolithic stationary phase and its use for pressured capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 162:117-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ma W, Row KH. Simultaneous determination of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in human urine by ionic-liquid-based, dual-template molecularly imprinted coated graphene oxide monolithic solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:642-649. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Inha University; Incheon Korea
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Sýkora D, Řezanka P, Záruba K, Král V. Recent advances in mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:89-129. [PMID: 30427127 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-mode phases have become very popular in the last decade, and the number of new mixed/multi-mode sorbents is growing fast. Unlike single-mode stationary phases, perfectly suited for the separation of the analytes possessing similar physicochemical properties, for instance reversed-phase chromatography for hydrophobic solutes, mixed-mode sorbents providing multimodal interactions can render better separation selectivity for complex mixtures of solutes differing significantly in their physicochemical characteristics. The most frequent modern mixed-mode stationary phases are di/tri-mode sorbents embracing the following interactions, hydrophobic, electrostatic (coulombic), and hydrophilic. According to their structures, it is possible to distinguish silica-based, polymer-based, hybrid, and monolithic mixed-mode stationary phases. Herewith, newly synthesized mixed-mode sorbents developed within the last two and half years are categorized, discussed, and summarized. The main attention is devoted to the description of the synthetic routes and characterization methods applied for the new stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sýkora
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Záruba
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Monolithic column with polymeric deep eutectic solvent as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1577:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Mao Z, Qin X, Chen Z. Monolithic column functionalized with quinine derivative for anion‐exchange capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3006-3012. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of EducationWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Qin
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of EducationWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of EducationWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan P. R. China
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18
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Wang MM, Li N, Ai LF, Li L, Chen XL, Jia YQ, Wang XS. Poly[(2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride-co
-ethylene dimethacrylate monolith on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the fast determination of salicylic acid in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3432-3440. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Wang
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Na Li
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Lian-Feng Ai
- Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Xue-Lei Chen
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Ye-Qing Jia
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
| | - Xue-Sheng Wang
- School of Public Health; North China University of Science and Technology; Tangshan Hebei China
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19
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Preparation of Cationic Mixed-Mode Acrylamide-Based Monolithic Stationary Phases for Capillary Electrochromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Hydrophilic polymeric monoliths containing choline phosphate for separation science applications. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 999:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Ma H, Bai Y, Li J, Chang YX. Screening bioactive compounds from natural product and its preparations using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:260-274. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yun Bai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
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