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Sun R, Zou H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Lv R, Sheng R, Du T, Li Y, Wang H, Qi Y. Vancomycin recognition and induced-aggregation of the Au nanoparticles through freeze-thaw for foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1190:339253. [PMID: 34857141 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by foodborne pathogens have become a serious public health problem. It is urgent to develop simple, rapid, and visual methods for pathogen detection. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), aptamer and vancomycin (Van) based dual-recognition molecules and magnetic enrichment were combined to realize visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Initially, S. aureus was bounded to aptamer coupled Fe3O4 with high affinity and selectivity, which can achieve the separation and enrichment of S. aureus in complex sample matrix. Subsequently, the second recognition molecule, Van, was conjugated to S. aureus -Apt - Fe3O4. Finally, the unbound Van supernatant was dropped in AuNPs solution that induced the aggregation of the AuNPs through freeze-thaw. Firstly, it was found that AuNPs were stable in the presence of Van after a freeze-thaw cycle. A facile visual colorimetric detection of S. aureus was constructed with the linear range from 101 to 104 CFU/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 CFU/mL. By altering the aptamer, this method can be extended to the other Gram-positive bacteria. The proposed method has great potential applications in monitoring food contamination and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimeng Sun
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Hangjin Zou
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Xinming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Lv
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Rongtian Sheng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Ting Du
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Yuhan Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China.
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2
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Norouz Dizaji A, Ali Z, Ghorbanpoor H, Ozturk Y, Akcakoca I, Avci H, Dogan Guzel F. Electrochemical-based ''antibiotsensor'' for the whole-cell detection of the vancomycin-susceptible bacteria. Talanta 2021; 234:122695. [PMID: 34364491 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to develop an antibiotic-based biosensor platform 'Antibiotsensor' for the specific detection of gram-positive bacteria using vancomycin modified Screen Printed Gold Electrodes (SPGEs). Through this pathway, vancomycin molecules were first functionalized with thiol groups and characterized with quadrupole time of flight (q-TOF) mass spectroscopy analysis. Immobilization of thiolated vancomycin molecules (HS-Van) onto SPGEs was carried out based on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) phenomenon. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to test the detection and showed a considerable change in impedance value upon the binding of HS-Van molecules onto the electrode surface. Atomic Force Microscopy analysis indicated that SPGE was successfully modified upon the treatment with HS-Van molecules based on the shift in surface roughness from 173 ± 2 nm to 301 ± 3 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy proved the EIS and AFM results as well by showing characteristic peaks of immobilized HS-Van molecule. As a proof-of-concept, EIS-based susceptibility testing was performed using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria to prove the specificity of obtained SPGE-Van. EIS data showed that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) values changed from 1.08, 1.18 to 26.5, respectively, indicating that vancomycin susceptible S. aureus was successfully attached onto SPGE-Van surface strongly, while vancomycin resistance E. coli and M. smegmatis did not show any significant attachment properties. In addition, different concentration (108-10 CFU/mL) of S. aureus was performed to investigate sensitivity of proposed sensor platform. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation was calculated as 101.58 and 104.81 CFU/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis also confirmed that only S. aureus bacteria was attached to the surface in a dense monolayer distribution. We believe that the proposed approach is selective and sensitive towards the whole-cell detection of vancomycin-susceptible bacteria and can be modified for different purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz Norouz Dizaji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zahraa Ali
- Department of Material Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamed Ghorbanpoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ozturk
- Department of Material Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Iremnur Akcakoca
- Department of Material Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
Microbial contaminations and infections are hazardous and pose crucial concerns for humans. They result in severe morbidity and mortality around the globe. Even though dish-culturing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) exhibits accurate and reliable detection of bacteria but these methods are time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. This warrants early detection and quantification of bacteria for timely diagnosis and treatment. Bacteria imprinting ensures a solution for selective and early detection of bacteria by snagging them inside their imprinted cavities. This review provides an insight into MIPs based bacterial detection strategies, challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabi Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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4
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Tokonami S, Kurita S, Yoshikawa R, Sakurai K, Suehiro T, Yamamoto Y, Tamura M, Karthaus O, Iida T. Light-induced assembly of living bacteria with honeycomb substrate. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz5757. [PMID: 32158951 PMCID: PMC7048417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Some bacteria are recognized to produce useful substances and electric currents, offering a promising solution to environmental and energy problems. However, applications of high-performance microbial devices require a method to accumulate living bacteria into a higher-density condition in larger substrates. Here, we propose a method for the high-density assembly of bacteria (106 to 107 cells/cm2) with a high survival rate of 80 to 90% using laser-induced convection onto a self-organized honeycomb-like photothermal film. Furthermore, the electricity-producing bacteria can be optically assembled, and the electrical current can be increased by one to two orders of magnitude simply by increasing the number of laser irradiations. This concept can facilitate the development of high-density microbial energy conversion devices and provide new platforms for unconventional environmental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Tokonami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shinya Kurita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
| | - Taichi Suehiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tamura
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Olaf Karthaus
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-8655, Japan
| | - Takuya Iida
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
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Chen Q, Cao Z, Yuan YJ. Study on non-bioparticles and Staphylococcus aureus by dielectrophoresis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2598-2614. [PMID: 35496126 PMCID: PMC9048846 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrated a chip device with alternating current (AC) dielectrophoresis (DEP) for separation of non-biological micro-particle and bacteria mixtures. The DEP separation was achieved by a pair of metal electrodes with the shape of radal-interdigital to generate a localized non-uniform AC electric field. The electric field and DEP force were firstly investigated by finite element methods (FEM). The mixed microparticles such as different scaled polystyrene (PS) beads, PS beads with inorganic micro-particles (e.g., ZnO and silica beads) and non-bioparticles with bacterial Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were successfully separated at DEP-on-a-chip by an AC electric field of 20 kHz, 10 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. The results indicated that DEP trapping can be considered as a potential candidate method for investigating the separation of biological mixtures, and may well prove to have a great impact on in situ monitoring of environmental and/or biological samples by DEP-on-a-chip. This article demonstrated a chip device with alternating current (AC) dielectrophoresis (DEP) for separation of non-biological micro-particle and bacteria mixtures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Chen
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhongqing Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yong J. Yuan
- Laboratory of Biosensing and MicroMechatronics
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- China
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Ortiz-Rivero E, Prorok K, Skowickł M, Lu D, Bednarkiewicz A, Jaque D, Haro-González P. Single-Cell Biodetection by Upconverting Microspinners. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904154. [PMID: 31583832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared-light-mediated optical tweezing of individual upconverting particles has enabled all-optical single-cell studies, such as intracellular thermal sensing and minimally invasive cytoplasm investigations. Furthermore, the intrinsic optical birefringence of upconverting particles renders them light-driven luminescent spinners with a yet unexplored potential in biomedicine. In this work, the use of upconverting spinners is showcased for the accurate and specific detection of single-cell and single-bacteria attachment events, through real-time monitoring of the spinners rotation velocity of the spinner. The physical mechanisms linking single-attachment to the angular deceleration of upconverting spinners are discussed in detail. Concomitantly, the upconversion emission generated by the spinner is harnessed for simultaneous thermal sensing and thermal control during the attachment event. Results here included demonstrate the potential of upconverting particles for the development of fast, high-sensitivity, and cost-effective systems for single-cell biodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ortiz-Rivero
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Prorok
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul.Okolna 2, 50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Skowickł
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Port Polish Center for Technology Development, ul.Stablowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Artur Bednarkiewicz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul.Okolna 2, 50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación, Sanitaria Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra.De Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Haro-González
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Yamamoto Y, Tokonami S, Iida T. Surfactant-Controlled Photothermal Assembly of Nanoparticles and Microparticles for Rapid Concentration Measurement of Microbes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1561-1568. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-Induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shiho Tokonami
- Research Institute for Light-Induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Takuya Iida
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-Induced Acceleration System, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
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8
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Zhang H, Xue L, Huang F, Wang S, Wang L, Liu N, Lin J. A capillary biosensor for rapid detection of Salmonella using Fe-nanocluster amplification and smart phone imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 127:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Farooq U, Yang Q, Ullah MW, Wang S. Bacterial biosensing: Recent advances in phage-based bioassays and biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 118:204-216. [PMID: 30081260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In nature, different types of bacteria including pathogenic and beneficial ones exist in different habitats including environment, plants, animals, and humans. Among these, the pathogenic bacteria should be detected at earlier stages of infection; however, the conventional bacterial detection procedures are complex and time-consuming. In contrast, the advanced molecular approaches such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have significantly reduced the detection time; nevertheless, such approaches are not acceptable to a large extent and are mostly laborious and expensive. Therefore, the development of fast, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific approaches for pathogen detection is essential for different applications in food industry, clinical diagnosis, biological defense and counter-terrorism. To this end, the novel sensing approaches involving bacteriophages as recognition elements are receiving immense consideration owing to their high degree of specificity, accuracy, and reduced assay times. Besides, the phages are easily produced and are tolerant to extreme pH, temperature, and organic solvents as compared to antibodies. To date, several phage-based assays and sensors have been developed involving different systems such as quartz crystal microbalance, magnetoelastic platform, surface plasmon resonance, and electrochemical methods. This review highlights different taxonomic species and genera of phages infecting eight common disease-causing bacterial genera. It further overviews the most recent advancements in phage-based sensing assays and sensors. Likewise, it elaborates various whole-phage and phage components-based assays. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of electrochemical biosensors as simple, reliable, cost-effective, and accurate tools for bacterial detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Centre, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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10
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Monteiro T, Almeida MG. Electrochemical Enzyme Biosensors Revisited: Old Solutions for New Problems. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:44-66. [PMID: 29757683 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1461552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide legislation is driving the development of novel and highly efficient analytical tools for assessing the composition of every material that interacts with Consumers or Nature. The biosensor technology is one of the most active R&D domains of Analytical Sciences focused on the challenge of taking analytical chemistry to the field. Electrochemical biosensors based on redox enzymes, in particular, are highly appealing due to their usual quick response, high selectivity and sensitivity, low cost and portable dimensions. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most important advances made in the field since the proposal of the first biosensor, the well-known hand-held glucose meter. The first section addresses the current needs and challenges for novel analytical tools, followed by a brief description of the different components and configurations of biosensing devices, and the fundamentals of enzyme kinetics and amperometry. The following sections emphasize on enzyme-based amperometric biosensors and the different stages of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Monteiro
- a UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal
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11
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Tokonami S, Shimizu E, Tamura M, Iida T. Mechanism in External Field-mediated Trapping of Bacteria Sensitive to Nanoscale Surface Chemical Structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16651. [PMID: 29192201 PMCID: PMC5709418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technique enables the selective binding of nanoscale target molecules to a polymer film, within which their chemical structure is transcribed. Here, we report the successful production of mixed bacterial imprinted film (BIF) from several food poisoning bacteria by the simultaneous imprinting of their nanoscale surface chemical structures (SCS), and provide highly selective trapping of original micron-scale bacteria used in the production process of mixed BIF even for multiple kinds of bacteria in real samples. Particularly, we reveal the rapid specific identification of E. coli group serotypes (O157:H7 and O26:H11) using an alternating electric field and a quartz crystal microbalance. Furthermore, we have performed the detailed physicochemical analysis of the specific binding of SCS and molecular recognition sites (MRS) based on the dynamic Monte Carlo method under taking into account the electromagnetic interaction. The dielectrophoretic selective trapping greatly depends on change in SCS of bacteria damaged by thermal treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, or antibiotic drugs, which can be well explained by the simulation results. Our results open the avenue for an innovative means of specific and rapid detection of unknown bacteria for food safety and medicine from a nanoscale viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Tokonami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tamura
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Takuya Iida
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
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