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Abeywardena SBY, Yue Z, Wallace GG, Innis PC. Novel 3D textile structures and geometries for electrofluidics. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1171-1181. [PMID: 38837441 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The integration of microfluidics with electric field control, commonly referred to as electrofluidics, has led to new opportunities for biomedical analysis. The requirement for closed microcapillary channels in microfluidics, typically formed via complex microlithographic fabrication approaches, limits the direct accessibility to the separation processes during conventional electrofluidic devices. Textile structures provide an alternative and low-cost approach to overcome these limitations via providing open and surface-accessible capillary channels. Herein, we investigate the potential of different 3D textile structures for electrofluidics. In this study, 12 polyester yarns were braided around nylon monofilament cores of different diameters to produce functional 3D core-shell textile structures. Capillary electrophoresis performances of these 3D core-shell textile structures both before and after removing the nylon core were evaluated in terms of mobility and bandwidth of a fluorescence marker compound. It was shown that the fibre arrangement and density govern the inherent capillary formation within these textile structures which also impacts upon the solute analyte mobility and separation bandwidth during electrophoretic studies. Core-shell textile structures with a 0.47 mm nylon core exhibited the highest fluorescein mobility and presented a narrower separation bandwidth. This optimal textile structure was readily converted to different geometries via a simple heat-setting of the central nylon core. This approach can be used to fabricate an array of miniaturized devices that possess many of the basic functionalities required in electrofluidics while maintaining open surface access that is otherwise impractical in classical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujani B Y Abeywardena
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Abeywardena SBY, Yue Z, Wallace GG, Innis PC. Electrofluidic control for textile-based cell culture: Identification of appropriate conditions required to integrate cell culture with electrofluidics. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1182-1197. [PMID: 38837242 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Electric field-driven microfluidics, known as electrofluidics, is a novel attractive analytical tool when it is integrated with low-cost textile substrate. Textile-based electrofluidics, primarily explored on yarn substrates, is in its early stages, with few studies on 3D structures. Further, textile structures have rarely been used in cellular analysis as a low-cost alternative. Herein, we investigated novel 3D textile structures and develop optimal electrophoretic designs and conditions that are favourable for direct 3D cell culture integration, developing an integrated cell culture textile-based electrofluidic platform that was optimised to balance electrokinetic performance and cell viability requirements. Significantly, there were contrasting electrolyte compositional conditions that were required to satisfy cell viability and electrophoretic mobility requiring the development of and electrolyte that satisfied the minimum requirements of both these components within the one platform. Human dermal fibroblast cell cultures were successfully integrated with gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel-coated electrofluidic platform and studied under different electric fields using 5 mM TRIS/HEPES/300 mM glucose. Higher analyte mobility was observed on 2.5% GelMA-coated textile which also facilitated excellent cell attachment, viability and proliferation. Cell viability also increased by decreasing the magnitude and time duration of applied electric field with good cell viability at field of up to 20 V cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujani B Y Abeywardena
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Wu Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Luo T, Xi F, Zeng Q. Simple fabrication of electrochemical sensor based on integration of dual signal amplification by the supporting electrode and modified nanochannel array for direct and sensitive detection of vitamin B 2. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1352938. [PMID: 38559779 PMCID: PMC10978690 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1352938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of simple and reliable sensor for detecting vitamin content is of great significance for guiding human nutrition metabolism, overseeing the quality of food or drugs, and advancing the treatment of related diseases. In this work, a simple electrochemical sensor was conveniently fabricated by modification a carbon electrode with vertically-ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF), enabling highly sensitive electrochemical detection of vitamin B2 (VB2) based on the dual enrichment of the analyte by the supporting electrode and nanochannels. The widely used glassy carbon electrode (GCE), was preactivated using simple electrochemical polarization, The resulting preactivated GCE (p-GCE) exhibited improved potential resolution ability and enhanced peak current of VB2. Stable modification of VMSF on p-GCE (VMSF/p-GCE) was achieved without introducing another binding layer. The dual enrichment effect of the supporting p-GCE and nanochannels facilitated sensitive detection of VB2, with a linear concentration ranged from 20 nM to 7 μM and from 7 μM to 20 μM. The limit of detection (LOD), determined based on a signal-to-noise ratio of three (S/N = 3), was found to be 11 nM. The modification of ultra-small nanochannels of VMSF endowed VMSF/p-GCE with excellent anti-interference and anti-fouling performance, along with high stability. The constructed sensor demonstrated the capability to achieve direct electrochemical detection of VB2 in turbid samples including milk and leachate of compound vitamin B tablet without the need for complex sample pretreatment. The fabricated electrochemical can be easily regenerated and has high reusability. The advantages of simple preparation, high detection performance, and good regeneration endow the constructed electrochemical sensor with great potential for direct detection of small molecule in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuxuan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengna Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Garg R, Maurya A, Mani NK, Prasad D. Thread-powered cell lysis and isotachophoresis: unlocking microbial DNA for diverse molecular applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:97. [PMID: 38349426 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Central to the domain of molecular biology resides the foundational process of DNA extraction and purification, a cornerstone underpinning a myriad of pivotal applications. In this research, we introduce a DNA extraction and purification technique leveraging polypropylene (PP) threads. The process commences with robust cell lysis achieved through the vigorous agitation of interwoven PP threads. The friction between the threads facilitates cell lysis especially those microbes having tough cell wall. For purification of DNA, thread-based isotachophoresis was employed which makes the whole process swift and cost-effective. Lysed cell-laden threads were submerged in a trailing electrolyte which separated DNA from other cellular contents. The process was performed with a tailored ITP device. An electric field directs DNA, cell debris, trailing electrolyte, and leading electrolyte toward the anode. Distinct ion migration resulted in DNA concentrating on the PP thread's anode-proximal region. The SYBR green dye is used to visualize DNA as a prominent green zone under blue light. The purified DNA exhibits high purity levels of 1.82 ± 0.1 (A260/A280), making it suitable for various applications aiming at nucleic acid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Garg
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Aharnish Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dinesh Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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Hemmateenejad B, Rafatmah E, Shojaeifard Z. Microfluidic paper and thread-based separations: Chromatography and electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464117. [PMID: 37300912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paper and thread are widely used as the substrates for fabricating low-cost, disposable, and portable microfluidic analytical devices used in clinical, environmental, and food safety monitoring. Concerning separation methods including chromatography and electrophoresis, these substrates provide unique platforms for developing portable devices. This review focuses on summarizing recent research on the miniaturization of the separation techniques using paper and thread. Preconcentration, purification, desalination, and separation of various analytes are achievable using electrophoresis and chromatography methods integrated with modified or unmodified paper/thread wicking channels. A variety of 2D and 3D designs of paper/thread platforms for zone electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, and modified/unmodified chromatography are discussed with emphasis on their limitation and improvements. The current progress in the signal amplification strategies such as isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, ion concentration polarization, isoelectric focusing, and stacking methods in paper-based devices are reviewed. Different strategies for chromatographic separations based on paper/thread will be explained. The separation of target species from complex samples and their determination by integration with other analytical methods like spectroscopy and electrochemistry are well-listed. Furthermore, the innovations for plasma and cell separation from blood as an important human biofluid are presented, and the related paper/thread modification methods are explored.
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Wu L, Manchanda A, Gupta V, Paull B. Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Thread-Based Electrofluidic Approach for DNA Hybridization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13569-13577. [PMID: 37091394 PMCID: PMC10116522 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel, low-cost, and disposable thread-based electrofluidic analytical method employing isotachophoresis (ITP) was developed for demonstrating surface DNA hybridization. This approach was based on graphene oxide (GO) surface-functionalized zones on nylon threads as a binding platform to trap a fluorescently labeled isotachophoretically focused single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) band, resulting in quenching of the fluorescence, which signaled quantitative trapping. In the event of an isotachophoretically focused complementary DNA (cDNA) band passing over the GO-trapped ssDNA zone, surface hybridization of the ssDNA and cDNA to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) band occurred, which is released from the GO-coated zones, resulting in restoration of the fluorescent signal as it exits the GO band and migrates further along the thread. This controllable process demonstrates the potential of the GO-functionalized thread-based microfluidic analytical approach for DNA hybridization and its visualization, which could be adapted into point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices for real-world applications.
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Khan JU, Pathan MA, Sayyar S, Paull B, Innis PC. Tuning the electrophoretic separations on a surface-accessible and flexible fibre-based microfluidic devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1506-1516. [PMID: 36847496 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis on textile fiber substrates provides a unique surface-accessible platform for the movement, separation and concentration of charged analytes. The method employs the inherently inbuilt capillary channels existing within textile structures, which can support electroosmotic and electrophoretic transport processes upon applying an electric field. Unlike confined microchannels in classical chip-based electrofluidic devices, the capillaries formed by the roughly oriented fibers within textile substrates can impact the reproducibility of the separation process. Here, we report an approach for precise experimental conditions affecting the electrophoretic separation of two tracer solutes, fluorescein (FL) and rhodamine B (Rh-B) on textile-based substrates. A Box-Behnken response surface design methodology has been used to optimise the experimental conditions and predict the separation resolution of a solute mixture using polyester braided structures. The magnitude of the electric field, sample concentration and sample volume are of primary importance to the separation performance of the electrophoretic devices. Here, we use a statistical approach to optimise these parameters to achieve rapid and efficient separation. While a higher potential was shown to be required to separate solute mixtures of increasing concentration and sample volume, this was counteracted by a reduced separation efficiency due to joule heating, which caused electrolyte evaporation on the unenclosed textile structure at electric fields above 175 V cm-1. Using the approach presented here, optimal experimental conditions can be predicted to limit joule heating and attain effective separation resolution without compromising the analysis time on simple and low-cost textile substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawairia Umar Khan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
- Department of Fibre and Textile Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Mirbaz Ali Pathan
- Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Sepidar Sayyar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
- Australian National Fabrication Facility - Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials. Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
- Australian National Fabrication Facility - Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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8
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Manchanda A, Gupta V, Wu L, Paull B. A thread-based electrofluidic platform for direct transfer, separation, and pre-concentration of materials from sample swabs. Analyst 2023; 148:1543-1551. [PMID: 36880438 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01856j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A new method and platform has been developed for direct transfer, electrophoretic separation, and pre-concentration of swabbed samples using the principles of thread-based electrofluidics. A direct electrokinetic injection has been observed for a variety of analytes ranging from small molecules to proteins. The effect of physicochemical interactions of the analyte with the swab and the thread on the transfer efficiency has been studied by exploring different swab and thread combinations. For fluorescein, using a polyurethane swab, 98% and 94% transfer efficiencies were observed on mercerised cotton and nylon thread, while only 80% transfer efficiency was observed on polyester thread, respectively. A 97% transfer of fluorescein was observed on the nylon thread when a flocked nylon swab was used, while only 47% transfer was observed when a cotton swab was used. A successful transfer has been observed for both liquid and dry samples from either pre-wetted or dry swabs in both the presence and absence of any surrounding electrolytes. The platform has been further adapted for multiplexed analysis, where a sample from a single swab was transferred onto two parallel thread systems with ca. 50% distribution between them. The method has been validated for transfer, separation, and pre-concentration of DNA from blood. It has also been successfully used to directly analyse dried blood samples using a commercial sampling device, Neoteryx Mitra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Manchanda
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Vipul Gupta
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Liang Wu
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Paull B. Applications of thread-based microfluidics: Approaches and options for detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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10
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Novel developments in capillary electrophoresis miniaturization, sampling, detection and portability: An overview of the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Handrea-Dragan IM, Botiz I, Tatar AS, Boca S. Patterning at the micro/nano-scale: Polymeric scaffolds for medical diagnostic and cell-surface interaction applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu Y, Xia L, Xiao X, Li G. An integrated plastic microchip for enhancing electrophoretic separation using tunable pressure-driven backflows. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:892-900. [PMID: 35020208 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic CE (MCE) is an effective solution for rapid and sensitive determination of multiple analytes. Herein, a dynamic coated cyclic olefin copolymer microchip was developed having an on-chip micropump for fluid velocity adjusting in electrophoretic separations. This micropump was fabricated by constructing a polyacrylamide gel membrane at one channel terminal. Once applying electric field across the membrane, a pressure-driven flow generated automatically to balance the electroosmotic flow (EOF) mismatch at the channel-membrane interface. The influence of gel precursor concentration and operating voltages on the fluid velocity was carefully evaluated. Moreover, the highly integration of injection, separation, and pumping units of the MCE system minimized the dead volume and provides satisfied column efficiency. Experiments showed that by adjusting of pumping voltage reduced the fluid velocity by a factor of 6, resulting six- and threefold resolving power enhancements of rhodamine dye mixture and amino acid mixture, respectively. Furthermore, the developed MCE method was applied for rhodamines and amino acids quantitation in food and cosmetics, with standard addition recoveries of 87.3-106.9% and 89.9-117.4%, respectively. These results were also confirmed by standard HPLC method, revealing the application potential in fast and onsite analysis of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Lam SC, Rodriguez ES, Innis PC, Paull B. Thread-based isotachophoresis coupled with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for clean-up, preconcentration, and determination of alkaloids in biological fluids. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:338810. [PMID: 35058003 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A thread-based isotachophoresis method coupled with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (TB-ITP-DESI-MS) was developed and applied for clean-up, preconcentration, and determination of alkaloids in biological fluids. This simple approach enables the focusing and rapid analysis of analytes of interest in complex matrices that are otherwise challenging using direct ambient mass spectrometry. The TB-ITP platform components were rapidly and reproducibly fabricated at low-cost using 3D printing. A single string of nylon 6 thread was used as the electrophoresis substrate and a cotton knot, tied to the nylon thread, was used as the trapping zone of the ITP focused model analytes (coptisine, berberine and palmatine). The trapping efficiency was evaluated upon different commercially available threads with different chemical properties and cotton was selected as the best material due to its highest trapping efficiency and subsequent DESI-MS ionization efficiency. Up to 11.6-fold increase in signal to noise ratio (S/N) was obtained using the proposed method compared to direct DESI-MS detection, due to the reduced matrix interference and focusing. The results demonstrated that the TB-ITP-DESI-MS approach is a viable solution for the analysis of complicated biological fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Shing Chung Lam
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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14
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Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Sanz Rodriguez E, Innis PC, Paull B. Nanomaterial-assisted thread-based isotachophoresis with on-thread solute trapping. Analyst 2022; 147:1944-1951. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00287f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research describes a nanomaterial-assisted TB-ITP setup for the clean-up, preconcentration, and trapping of alkaloids in biological fluids, followed by their on-thread DESI-MS determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Peter C. Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Agustini D, Caetano FR, Quero RF, Fracassi da Silva JA, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH, de Jesus DP. Microfluidic devices based on textile threads for analytical applications: state of the art and prospects. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4830-4857. [PMID: 34647544 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices based on textile threads have interesting advantages when compared to systems made with traditional materials, such as polymers and inorganic substrates (especially silicon and glass). One of these significant advantages is the device fabrication process, made more cheap and simple, with little or no microfabrication apparatus. This review describes the fundamentals, applications, challenges, and prospects of microfluidic devices fabricated with textile threads. A wide range of applications is discussed, integrated with several analysis methods, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, electrophoretic, chromatographic, and fluorescence. Additionally, the integration of these devices with different substrates (e.g., 3D printed components or fabrics), other devices (e.g., smartphones), and microelectronics is described. These combinations have allowed the construction of fully portable devices and consequently the development of point-of-care and wearable analytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deonir Agustini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Roberto Caetano
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Reverson Fernandes Quero
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
| | - José Alberto Fracassi da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fernando Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Dosil Pereira de Jesus
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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16
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Recent analytical methodologies and analytical trends for riboflavin (vitamin B2) analysis in food, biological and pharmaceutical samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Kimani MK, Mwangi J, Goluch ED. Electrophoresis on a polyester thread coupled with an end-channel pencil electrode detector. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1974-1982. [PMID: 34333778 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the design and characterization of a low cost, thread-based electrophoretic device with integrated electrochemical detection. The device has an end-channel pencil graphite electrode placement system for performing electrochemical detection on the thread electrophoresis platform with direct sample pipetting onto the thread. We also established the use of methylene blue and neutral red as a pair of reference migration markers for separation techniques coupled with electrochemical detection, as they have different colors for visual analysis and are both electroactive. Importantly, neutral red was also found to migrate at a similar rate to the EOF, indicating that it can be used as a visual identifier of EOF. The utility of our system was demonstrated by electrophoretic separation and electrochemical detection of physiologically relevant concentrations of pyocyanin in a solution containing multiple electroactive compounds. Pyocyanin is a biomarker for the detection of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has a redox potential that is similar to that of methylene blue. The system was able to effectively resolve methylene blue, neutral red, and pyocyanin in less than 7 min of electrophoretic separation. The theoretical limit of detection for pyocyanin was determined to be 559 nM. The electrophoretic mobilities of methylene blue (0.0236 ± 0.0007 mm2 /V·s), neutral red (0.0149 ± 0.0007 mm2 /V·s), and pyocyanin (0.0107 ± 0.0003 mm2 /V·s) were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Kimani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Mwangi
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar D Goluch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Chen L, Cabot JM, Paull B. Thread-based isotachophoresis for DNA extraction and purification from biological samples. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2565-2573. [PMID: 34002759 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00179e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, low-cost, and disposable microfluidic thread-based isotachophoresis method was developed for the purification and preconcentration of nucleic acids from biological samples, prior to their extraction and successful analysis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This approach extracts and concentrates protein-free DNA from the terminating electrolyte buffer, via a continuous sampling approach, resulting in significant focussing of the extracted DNA upon a 6 cm length nylon thread. The platform was optimised using the preconcentration of a fluorescent dye, showing a 600-fold concentration capacity within <5 min. The system was then applied to the one-step extraction of lambda DNA - an E. coli bacteriophage - spiked into whole blood, exhibiting the exclusion of PCR inhibitors. The extraction efficiency from the thread material following concentration was consistent, between 94.4-113.9%. The determination of lambda DNA in whole blood was achieved within a linear range of 1.0-1 × 105 fg μL-1 (20-2 × 106 copies per μL). This technique demonstrates great potential for the development of thread-based affordable analytical and diagnostic devices based upon DNA and RNA isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Joan M Cabot
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia and Diagnostic Devices Unit, Leitat Technology Center, Innovació 2, Terrassa, Barcelona 08225, Spain.
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Sciences (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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19
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Tobolkina E, Rudaz S. Capillary Electrophoresis Instruments for Medical Applications and Falsified Drug Analysis/Quality Control in Developing Countries. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8107-8115. [PMID: 34061489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of integrated analytical techniques to meet stringent requirements in the life sciences requires a well-developed analytical capacity. New technology in analytical equipment for the analysis of large and small molecules is continuously being developed. However, developing countries frequently struggle to keep pace with technological advancements. Hence, it is of utmost importance to better invest in optimizing existing and proven methodologies to tackle life-saving challenges in developing countries. In this regard, capillary electrophoresis is a promising candidate for solving multiple analytical problems compared to its chromatographic and spectroscopic counterparts due to its fast analytical response time and notable cost efficiency. In the following, we summarize various issues and opportunities for capillary electrophoresis to be the technique of choice for the unresolved bottlenecks in analytical equipment in developing countries for drug quality control. This perspective demonstrates that the ongoing quest for the design of new, impactful analytical techniques is a dynamic and rapidly developing research area and mentions some directions and opportunities that have arisen during the recent pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tobolkina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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20
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Prabhu A, Singhal H, Giri Nandagopal MS, Kulal R, Peralam Yegneswaran P, Mani NK. Knitting Thread Devices: Detecting Candida albicans Using Napkins and Tampons. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12667-12675. [PMID: 34056418 PMCID: PMC8154238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible and in situ microbial detection, particularly of microbes significant in urinary tract infections (UTIs) such as Candida albicans, provides a unique opportunity to bring equity in the healthcare outcomes of disenfranchised groups like women in low-resource settings. Here, we demonstrate a system to potentially detect vulvovaginal candidiasis by leveraging the properties of multifilament cotton threads in the form of microfluidic-thread-based analytical devices (μTADs) to develop a frugal microbial identification assay. A facile mercerization method using heptane wash to boost reagent absorption and penetration is also performed and is shown to be robust compared to other existing conventional mercerization methods. Furthermore, the twisted mercerized fibers are drop-cast with media consisting of l-proline β-naphthylamide, which undergoes hydrolysis by the enzyme l-proline aminopeptidase secreted by C. albicans, hence signaling the presence of the pathogen via simple color change with a limit of detection of 0.58 × 106 cfu/mL. The flexible and easily disposable thread-based detection device when integrated with menstrual hygiene products showed a detection time of 10 min using spiked vaginal discharge. The developed method boasts a long shelf life and high stability, making it a discreet detection device for testing, which provides new vistas for self-testing multiple diseases that are considered taboo in certain societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Prabhu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Hardik Singhal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - M. S. Giri Nandagopal
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Reshma Kulal
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Prakash Peralam Yegneswaran
- Department
of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Manipal
Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Manipal
Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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21
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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22
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Khan JU, Sayyar S, Paull B, Innis PC. Novel Approach toward Electrofluidic Substrates Utilizing Textile-Based Braided Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45618-45628. [PMID: 32910632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrofluidics is the unique combination of electrophoresis and microfluidics, which has opened up broad opportunities for bioanalysis and multiplexed assay. These systems typically comprise inaccessible and fully enclosed microcapillary or microchannels, with limited sample loading capacities and no direct access to the solutes within. Here, we investigate the application of multiyarn textile assemblies which provides an open and surface accessible electrophoretic separation platform. Three-dimensional (3D) textile structures have been produced using conventional knitting and braiding techniques from a range of commercially available yarns. Capillary zone electrophoresis separation studies have been carried out on these substrates using fluorescent anionic (fluorescence, FL) and cationic (rhodamine-B, Rh-B) markers. The effects of different yarn surface chemistry, textile fabrication technique, and electrolyte ionic strength on the electrophoretic mobility of the test analytes have been studied. From the broad range of yarns investigated, polyester was shown to have the highest electrophoretic mobility for Rh-B (6 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1) and for FL (4 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). The braiding approach, being simple and versatile, was found to be the most effective route to produce 3D textile-based structures and offered the potential for selective movement and targeted delivery to different channels. Composite braids made with yarns of differential surface chemistries further revealed a unique behavior of separation and parallel movement of oppositely charged ionic species. We also demonstrate the feasibility to apply isotachophoresis (ITP) on these braided textile substrates to rapidly focus dispersed FL sample bands. Here, we demonstrate the focusing of FL from a dispersed band into narrow band with a 400 times reduction in sample width over 90 s. Owing to the simplicity and reproducibility of the developed approach, textile-based inverted microfluidic applications are expected to enable opportunities in bioanalysis, proteomics, and rapid clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawairia Umar Khan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Department of Fibre and Textile Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sepidar Sayyar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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23
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Prabhu A, Nandagopal M S G, Peralam Yegneswaran P, Prabhu V, Verma U, Mani NK. Thread integrated smart-phone imaging facilitates early turning point colorimetric assay for microbes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26853-26861. [PMID: 35515782 PMCID: PMC9055509 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study employs a commercial multifilament cotton thread as a low-cost microbial identification assay integrated with smartphone-based imaging for high throughput and rapid detection of pathogens. The thread device with inter-twined fibers was drop-cast with test media and a pH indicator. The target pathogens scavenge the media components with different sugars and release acidic by-products, which in turn act as markers for pH-based color change. The developed thread-based proof-of-concept was demonstrated for the visual color detection (red to yellow) of Candida albicans (≈16 hours) and Escherichia coli (≈5 hours). Besides that, using a smart-phone to capture images of the thread-based colorimetric assay facilitates early detection of turning point of the pH-based color change and further reduces the detection time of pathogens viz. Candida albicans (≈10 hours) and Escherichia coli (≈1.5 hours). The reported thread and smartphone integrated image analysis works towards identifying the turning point of the colorimetric change rather than the end-point analysis. Using this approach, the interpretation time can be significantly reduced compared to the existing conventional microbial methods (≈24 hours). The thread-based colorimetric microbial assay represents a ready-to-use, low-cost and straightforward technology with applicability in resource-constrained environments, surpassing the need for frequent fresh media preparation, expensive instrumentation, complex fabrication techniques and expert intervention. The proposed method possesses high scalability and reproducibility, which can be further extended to bio(chemical) assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Giri Nandagopal M S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Prakash Peralam Yegneswaran
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Vijendra Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Ujjwal Verma
- Department of Electronics & Communication, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
- Manipal Center for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India
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24
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Adamo CB, Junger AS, Bressan LP, da Silva JAF, Poppi RJ, de Jesus DP. Fast and straightforward in-situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles on a thread-based microfluidic device for application in surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Watanabe M, Masuda T. Thread-based microfluidic channels: Fabrication and application in organic semiconductor crystalline needles. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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26
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Ragab MAA, El-Kimary EI. Recent Advances and Applications of Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis: A Comprehensive Review (2017-Mid 2019). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:709-741. [PMID: 32447968 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1765729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (MCE) is the novel technique resulted from the CE mininaturization as planar separation and analysis device. This review presents and discusses various application fields of this advanced technology published in the period 2017 till mid-2019 in eight different sections including clinical, biological, single cell analysis, environmental, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, forensic and ion analysis. The need for miniaturization of CE and the consequence advantages achieved are also discussed including high-throughput, miniaturized detection, effective separation, portability and the need for micro- or even nano-volume of samples. Comprehensive tables for the MCE applications in the different studied fields are provided. Also, figure comparing the number of the published papers applying MCE in the eight discussed fields within the studied period is included. The future investigation should put into consideration the possibility of replacing conventional CE with the MCE after proper validation. Suitable validation parameters with their suitable accepted ranges should be tailored for analysis methods utilizing such unique technique (MCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A A Ragab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman I El-Kimary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, Egypt
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27
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Cabot JM, Daikuara LY, Yue Z, Hayes P, Liu X, Wallace GG, Paull B. Electrofluidic control of bioactive molecule delivery into soft tissue models based on gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels using threads and surgical sutures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7120. [PMID: 32345999 PMCID: PMC7188853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of bioactive molecules (drugs) with control over spatial distribution remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time an electrofluidic approach to controlled delivery into soft tissue models based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. This was achieved using a surgical suture, whereby transport of bioactive molecules, including drugs and proteins, was controlled by imposition of an electric field. Commonly employed surgical sutures or acrylic threads were integrated through the hydrogels to facilitate the directed introduction of bioactive species. The platform consisted of two reservoirs into which the ends of the thread were immersed. The anode and cathode were placed separately into each reservoir. The thread was taken from one reservoir to the other through the gel. When current was applied, biomolecules loaded onto the thread were directed into the gel. Under the same conditions, the rate of movement of the biomolecules along GelMA was dependent on the magnitude of the current. Using 5% GelMA and a current of 100 µA, 2 uL of fluorescein travelled through the hydrogel at a constant velocity of 7.17 ± 0.50 um/s and took less than 8 minutes to exit on the thread. Small molecules such as riboflavin migrated faster (5.99 ± 0.40 μm/s) than larger molecules such as dextran (2.26 ± 0.55 μm/s with 4 kDa) or BSA (0.33 ± 0.07 μm/s with 66.5 kDa). A number of commercial surgical sutures were tested and found to accommodate the controlled movement of biomolecules. Polyester, polyglactin 910, glycolide/lactide copolymer and polyglycolic acid braided sutures created adequate fluid connection between the electrodes and the hydrogel. With a view to application in skin inflammatory diseases and wound treatment, wound healing, slow and controlled delivery of dexamethasone 21-phosphate disodium salt (DSP), an anti-inflammatory prodrug, was achieved using medical surgicryl PGA absorbable suture. After 2 hours of electrical stimulation, still 81.1% of the drug loaded was encapsulated within the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cabot
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Luciana Y Daikuara
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Patricia Hayes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
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28
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Song J, Ouyang Z, Lu W, Cai L. Instrument-free detection of polyphenols with a thread-based analytical device. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192130. [PMID: 32269816 PMCID: PMC7137958 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We described an instrument-free method for quantitative analysis of the total content of tea polyphenols by measurement of the length of a coloured band. Polyphenols react with ferrous ions to form a colourless ferrous-polyphenols complex on cotton threads, which could be adsorbed on the threads. The complex was then oxidized to form a blue-black ferric-polyphenols complex, generating a blue-black band on the cotton thread. The length of this blue-black band was then measured to detect the total content of polyphenols. The advantages of this method include low cost, rapid analysis, low consumption, easy fabrication and operation. Furthermore, the digital instrument (scanner or camera) as well as the image processing software are not required. This proposed method was used to detect polyphenols in tea leaf extracts with an analytical result agreeing well with that obtained by a standard method, which demonstrates its potential in monitoring of tea leaf quality, especially in resource-limited regions and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Longfei Cai
- Author for correspondence: Longfei Cai e-mail:
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29
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Chen L, Cabot JM, Sanz Rodriguez E, Ghiasvand A, Innis PC, Paull B. Thread-based isoelectric focusing coupled with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:6928-6936. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ‘on-thread’ isoelectric focusing of proteins, with direct on-thread detection using desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
| | - Peter C. Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- AIIM Facility
- Innovation campus
- University of Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
- Sandy Bay
- Hobart
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30
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Ou X, Chen P, Huang X, Li S, Liu B. Microfluidic chip electrophoresis for biochemical analysis. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:258-270. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti‐Cancer Active IngredientsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceHubei University of Education Wuhan P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xizhi Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Bi‐Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
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Elomaa J, Gallegos L, Gomez FA. Cord-Based Microfluidic Chips as A Platform for ELISA and Glucose Assays. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10090614. [PMID: 31540182 PMCID: PMC6780352 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and application of microfluidic cord-based analytical devices (µCADs) in two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and glucose assay. In this study, biotinylated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody, rabbit IgG antibody, and glucose are quantitatively detected. In the ELISA systems, the antibody is spotted on the cord at the detection site and a series of washes, followed by streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (Strep-ALP) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-conjugated secondary antibody and colorimetric substrate, completing the experiment. The devices are subsequently scanned and analyzed yielding a correlation between inverse yellow or inverse blue intensity and antibody concentration. For the first ELISA, a linear range of detection was observed at lower concentrations (2.50 × 10-4-1.75 × 10-3 mg/mL) of Strep-ALP with saturation of the enzyme achieved at higher concentrations (>2.50 × 10-4). For the second ELISA, the L50 was demonstrated to be 167.6 fmol/zone. The glucose assay consisted of spotting increasing concentrations of glucose on the analysis sites and transporting, via capillary action, a solution containing glucose oxidase (GOx), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and potassium iodide (KI) to the detection sites realizing a yellow-brown color indicating oxidation of iodide to iodine. The device was then dried, scanned, and analyzed to show the correlation between yellow inverse intensity and glucose. Glucose in artificial urine showed good correlation using the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Elomaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8202, USA.
| | - Laura Gallegos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8202, USA.
| | - Frank A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8202, USA.
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Real time monitoring of glucose in whole blood by smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 136:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Weng X, Kang Y, Guo Q, Peng B, Jiang H. Recent advances in thread-based microfluidics for diagnostic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:171-185. [PMID: 30875629 PMCID: PMC7127036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have been seeking attractive substrate materials to keep microfluidics improving to outbalance the drawbacks and issues. Cellulose substrates, including thread, paper and hydrogels are alternatives due to their distinct structural and mechanical properties for a number of applications. Thread have gained considerable attention and become promising powerful tool due to its advantages over paper-based systems thus finds numerous applications in the development of diagnostic systems, smart bandages and tissue engineering. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review articles on the topic of thread-based microfluidics have been published and it is of significance for many scientific communities working on Microfluidics, Biosensors and Lab-on-Chip. This review gives an overview of the advances of thread-based microfluidic diagnostic devices in a variety of applications. It begins with an overall introduction of the fabrication followed by an in-depth review on the detection techniques in such devices and various applications with respect to effort and performance to date. A few perspective directions of thread-based microfluidics in its development are also discussed. Thread-based microfluidics are still at an early development stage and further improvements in terms of fabrication, analytical strategies, and function to become low-cost, low-volume and easy-to-use point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices that can be adapted or commercialized for real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Weng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Bei Peng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
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Dossi N, Toniolo R, Terzi F, Sdrigotti N, Tubaro F, Bontempelli G. A cotton thread fluidic device with a wall-jet pencil-drawn paper based dual electrode detector. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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