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Mahasakpan N, Chaisongkaew P, Inerb M, Nim N, Phairuang W, Tekasakul S, Furuuchi M, Hata M, Kaosol T, Tekasakul P, Dejchanchaiwong R. Fine and ultrafine particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affecting southern Thailand air quality during transboundary haze and potential health effects. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:253-267. [PMID: 36182135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the 2019 normal, partial and strong haze periods at a background location in southern Thailand were investigated to understand the behaviors and carcinogenic risks. PM1 was the predominant component, during partial and strong haze periods, accounting for 45.1% and 52.9% of total suspended particulate matter, respectively, while during normal period the contribution was only 34.0%. PM0.1 concentrations, during the strong haze period, were approximately 2 times higher than those during the normal period. Substantially increased levels of particle-PAHs for PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 were observed during strong haze period, about 3, 5 and 6 times higher than those during normal period. Gas-PAH concentrations were 10 to 36 times higher than those of particle-PAHs for PM2.5. Average total Benzo[a]Pyrene Toxic Equivalency Quotients (BaP-TEQ) in PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 during haze periods were about 2-6 times higher than in the normal period. The total accumulated Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks (ILCRs) in PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 for all the age-specific groups during the haze effected scenario were approximately 1.5 times higher than those in non-haze scenario, indicating a higher potential carcinogenic risk. These observations suggest PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 were the significant sources of carcinogenic aerosols and were significantly affected by transboundary haze from peatland fires. This leads to an increase in the volume of smoke aerosol, exerting a significant impact on air quality in southern Thailand, as well as many other countries in lower southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napawan Mahasakpan
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Phatsarakorn Chaisongkaew
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Muanfun Inerb
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nobchonnee Nim
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Worradorn Phairuang
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surajit Tekasakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Masami Furuuchi
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Hata
- Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Thaniya Kaosol
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Perapong Tekasakul
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Racha Dejchanchaiwong
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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Smutná T, Dumková J, Kristeková D, Laštovičková M, Jedličková A, Vrlíková L, Dočekal B, Alexa L, Kotasová H, Pelková V, Večeřa Z, Křůmal K, Petráš J, Coufalík P, Všianský D, Záchej S, Pinkas D, Vondráček J, Hampl A, Mikuška P, Buchtová M. Macrophage-mediated tissue response evoked by subchronic inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles is associated with the alteration of phospholipases C and cholesterol transporters. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:52. [PMID: 35922858 PMCID: PMC9351260 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs), which are emitted to the environment by high-temperature technological processes, heavily impairs target organs. These nanoparticles pass through the lung barrier and are distributed via the blood into secondary target organs, where they cause numerous pathological alterations. Here, we studied in detail, macrophages as specialized cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune response in selected target organs to unravel their potential involvement in reaction to subchronic PbO NP inhalation. In this context, we also tackled possible alterations in lipid uptake in the lungs and liver, which is usually associated with foam macrophage formation. Results The histopathological analysis of PbO NP exposed lung revealed serious chronic inflammation of lung tissues. The number of total and foam macrophages was significantly increased in lung, and they contained numerous cholesterol crystals. PbO NP inhalation induced changes in expression of phospholipases C (PLC) as enzymes linked to macrophage-mediated inflammation in lungs. In the liver, the subchronic inhalation of PbO NPs caused predominantly hyperemia, microsteatosis or remodeling of the liver parenchyma, and the number of liver macrophages also significantly was increased. The gene and protein expression of a cholesterol transporter CD36, which is associated with lipid metabolism, was altered in the liver. The amount of selected cholesteryl esters (CE 16:0, CE 18:1, CE 20:4, CE 22:6) in liver tissue was decreased after subchronic PbO NP inhalation, while total and free cholesterol in liver tissue was slightly increased. Gene and protein expression of phospholipase PLCβ1 and receptor CD36 in human hepatocytes were affected also in in vitro experiments after acute PbO NP exposure. No microscopic or serious functional kidney alterations were detected after subchronic PbO NP exposure and CD68 positive cells were present in the physiological mode in its interstitial tissues. Conclusion Our study revealed the association of increased cholesterol and lipid storage in targeted tissues with the alteration of scavenger receptors and phospholipases C after subchronic inhalation of PbO NPs and yet uncovered processes, which can contribute to steatosis in liver after metal nanoparticles exposure. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00494-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Smutná
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kristeková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Laštovičková
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adriena Jedličková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vrlíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dočekal
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Alexa
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kotasová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pelková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Večeřa
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Křůmal
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Petráš
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufalík
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Všianský
- Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dominik Pinkas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility of the Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Hubelova D, Ulmann V, Mikuska P, Licbinsky R, Alexa L, Modra H, Gersl M, Babak V, Weston RT, Pavlik I. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Prevalence in Aerosol and Spiders' Webs in Karst Caves: Low Risk for Speleotherapy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122573. [PMID: 34946174 PMCID: PMC8705795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 152 aerosol and spider web samples were collected: 96 spider’s webs in karst areas in 4 European countries (Czech Republic, France, Italy, and Slovakia), specifically from the surface environment (n = 44), photic zones of caves (n = 26), and inside (aphotic zones) of caves (n = 26), 56 Particulate Matter (PM) samples from the Sloupsko-Sosuvsky Cave System (speleotherapy facility; n = 21) and from aerosol collected from the nearby city of Brno (n = 35) in the Czech Republic. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were isolated from 13 (13.5%) spider’s webs: 5 isolates of saprophytic NTM (Mycobacterium gordonae, M. kumamotonense, M. terrae, and M. terrae complex) and 6 isolates of potentially pathogenic NTM (M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, M. peregrinum and M. triplex). NTM were not isolated from PM collected from cave with the speleotherapy facility although mycobacterial DNA was detected in 8 (14.3%) samples. Temperature (8.2 °C, range 8.0–8.4 °C) and relative humidity (94.7%, range 93.6–96.6%) of air in this cave were relatively constant. The average PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration was 5.49 µg m−3 and 11.1 µg m−3. Analysed anions (i.e., F−, Cl−, NO2−, SO42−, PO43− and NO3−) originating largely from the burning of wood and coal for residential heating in nearby villages in the surrounding area. The air in the caves with speleotherapy facilities should be monitored with respect to NTM, PM and anions to ensure a safe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hubelova
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Vit Ulmann
- Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske Nam. 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Mikuska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Veveri 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Roman Licbinsky
- Transport Research Centre, Lisenska 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukas Alexa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Veveri 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Helena Modra
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Milan Gersl
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ross Tim Weston
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Ivo Pavlik
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-773-491-836
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Alexa L, Mikuška P. Simultaneous Determination of Gaseous Ammonia and Particulate Ammonium in Ambient Air Using a Cylindrical Wet Effluent Diffusion Denuder and a Continuous Aerosol Sampler. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15827-15836. [PMID: 33237761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and fast method for simultaneous determination of gaseous ammonia (NH3) and particulate ammonium (NH4+) in ambient air is presented. NH3 is sampled in a cylindrical wet effluent diffusion denuder (CWEDD) and analyzed online by a continuous flow system with a fluorescence detector (FLD), while NH4+ bound to aerosol particles is sampled in parallel by a condensation growth unit-the aerosol counterflow two-jet unit (CGU-ACTJU) sampler-and analyzed online with another FLD. The sensitive fluorescence detection of ammonium in concentrates of the CWEDD and the ACTJU is based on its reaction with ortho-phthaldialdehyde and sulfite to form isoindol-1-sulfonate. The calibration curve of ammonium is linear in the concentration range of 5 × 10-9 to 2 × 10-6 M. The limit of detection (LOD = 3 s/n) values of NH3 and NH4+ are 3.52 ng m-3 (5.05 ppt) and 1.04 ng m-3, respectively. The developed method enables online measuring of distribution of NH3/NH4+ in ambient air with a time resolution of 1 s. The optimized method was used for the determination of NH3/NH4+ in urban air in Brno in two campaigns during the winter and summer of 2018. The results obtained by the developed method were compared with a reference method based on the sampling on filters and "dry" diffusion denuders coated by phosphoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Alexa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Optimization of process parameters for preparation of polystyrene PM2.5 particles by supercritical antisolvent method using BBD-RSM. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11187. [PMID: 32636462 PMCID: PMC7341738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to optimize the process parameters for preparing polystyrene (PS) PM2.5 particles by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method. Toluene was selected as the solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used as the antisolvent. The Box–Behnken design-response surface method was applied to investigate the effect of crystallizer pressure, PS massic concentration, flow ratio of CO2/solution and crystallizer temperature on the size and the distribution of PS particles, systematically. It is found that crystallizer temperature is the most significant variable on the size and the distribution of PS particles, followed by flow ratio of CO2/solution and PS massic concentration, and crystallizer pressure is the slightest significant factor. The particle size increases with the increase of crystallizer temperature. The optimum conditions are obtained as crystallizer pressure 9.8 MPa, PS massic concentration 1.6 wt%, flow ratio of CO2/solution 140 g/g and crystallizer temperature 309 K. Under these conditions, the PS particle with the size of 2.78 μm and a narrow size distribution has been prepared, meeting PM2.5 standard aerosols. The results suggest that it is feasible to produce PM2.5 standard aerosols by SAS.
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Characterization and Source Identification of Elements and Water-Soluble Ions in Submicrometre Aerosols in Brno and Šlapanice (Czech Republic). ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Submicrometre aerosol particles (particulate matter, PM1) were collected in two Czech cities (Brno and Šlapanice) during week campaigns in winter and summer of 2009 and 2010. The aerosols were analysed for 14 elements and 12 water-soluble ions using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and ion chromatography techniques. The average PM1 mass concentration was 14.4 and 20.4 µg m−3 in Brno and Šlapanice, respectively. Most of the analysed elements and ions exhibit distinct seasonal variability with higher concentrations in winter in comparison to summer. The determined elements and ions together accounted for about 29% of total PM1 mass, ranging between 16% and 44%. Ion species were the most abundant components in collected aerosols, accounting for 27.2% of mass of PM1 aerosols, and elements accounted for 1.8% of mass of PM1 aerosols. One-day backward trajectories were calculated using the Hysplit model to analyse air masses transported towards the sampling sites. The Pearson correlation coefficients between individual PM1 components and PM1 mass and air temperature were calculated. To identify the main aerosol sources, factor analysis was applied. Six factors were identified for each locality. The following sources of PM1 particles were identified in Brno: a municipal incinerator, vehicle exhausts, secondary sulphate, a cement factory, industry and biomass burning. The identified sources in Šlapanice were as follows: a combustion source, coal combustion, a cement factory, a municipal incinerator, vehicle exhausts and industry.
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Feng XZ, Ferranco A, Su X, Chen Z, Jiang Z, Han GC. A Facile Electrochemical Sensor Labeled by Ferrocenoyl Cysteine Conjugate for the Detection of Nitrite in Pickle Juice. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19020268. [PMID: 30641921 PMCID: PMC6358730 DOI: 10.3390/s19020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Simple and facile electrochemical sensors for nitrite detection were fabricated by directly depositing ferrocenoyl cysteine conjugates Fc[CO-Cys(Trt)-OMe]2 [Fc(Cys)2] or Fc[CO-Glu-Cys-Gly-OH] [Fc-ECG] on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). The modified carbon electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Results indicated that Fc-ECG/SPE sensor showed enhanced current response and a lower overpotential than Fc(Cys)2/SPE sensor for nitrite detection. Optimal operating conditions were estimated for nitrite detection by DPV. The concentration of nitrite showed a good linear relationship with the current response in the range of 1.0–50 μmol·L−1 and with 0.3 μmol·L−1 as the concentration for limit of detection. There were no interferences from most common ions. The development of this electrochemical sensor was used for nitrite detection in pickled juice with a R.S.D. lower than 2.1% and average recovery lower than 101.5%, which indicated that disposable electrochemical sensor system can be applied for rapid and precise nitrite detection in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Annaleizle Ferranco
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Xiaorui Su
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Zhencheng Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Guo-Cheng Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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Coufalík P, Čmelík R, Křůmal K, Čapka L, Mikuška P. Determination of short-term changes in levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid in aerosols with Condensation Growth Unit - Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit - LC-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:279-286. [PMID: 30005349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Residential areas in urban agglomerations and also in the countryside are often burdened with high concentrations of aerosol in winter, this originating from local combustion sources. Aerosol sources can be identified by a monitoring of organic markers of biomass burning. Abundant markers of biomass and softwood burning are levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid, respectively. The aim of this research was to develop an analytical method for the determination of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid in aerosol over short time periods involving aerosol sampling into liquid samples, quantitative pre-concentration of analytes, and their determination by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. A Condensation Growth Unit - Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit (CGU-ACTJU) sampler was used for the quantitative collection of aerosol directly into water. Dehydroabietic acid was pre-concentrated from the aqueous phase by solid phase extraction (C-18). Afterwards, levoglucosan in water samples was concentrated on a vacuum evaporator. The detection limits of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic acid were 28 ng m-3 and 5.5 ng m-3, respectively. The results obtained by the developed method were compared with an independent determination of both markers in aerosol by means of the sampling of aerosols on a filter and subsequent analysis by GC-MS. The developed method demonstrated sufficient agreement with the independent determination for generated standard aerosol as well as for urban aerosol over an eight-day winter campaign. The presented method allows the monitoring of concentration changes in biomass burning markers in 2-h intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Coufalík
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Čmelík
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Křůmal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Čapka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuška
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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