1
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Smart K, Golden TD, Acree WE. Investigations of potential ionic liquid phases for chromatographic processes using spectroscopic and thermal techniques. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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2
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Lis H, Paszkiewicz M, Godlewska K, Maculewicz J, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Ionic liquid-based functionalized materials for analytical chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Wu D, Ma C, Fan GC, Pan F, Tao Y, Kong Y. Recent advances of the ionic chiral selectors for chiral resolution by chromatography, spectroscopy and electrochemistry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:325-337. [PMID: 34117714 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic chiral selectors have been received much attention in the field of asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, and preparative separation. It has been shown that the addition of ionic chiral selectors can enhance the recognition efficiency dramatically due to the presence of multiple intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bond, π-π interaction, van der Waals force, electrostatic ion-pairing interaction, and ionic-hydrogen bond. In the initial research stage of the ionic chiral selectors, most of work center on the application in chromatographic separation (capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography). Differently, more and more attention has been paid on the spectroscopy (nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence, ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum, and circular dichroism spectrum) and electrochemistry in recent years. In this tutorial review as regards the ionic chiral selectors, we discuss in detail the structural features, properties, and their application in chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P. R. China
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4
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Vieira JC, Villetti MA, Frizzo CP. Thermal stability and decomposition mechanism of dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids with carboxylate anions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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González-Rodríguez J, Valls A, Arias Abrodo P, Gutiérrez Álvarez MD, González-Álvarez J, Altava B, Luis SV. Polymeric Ionic Liquids Derived from L-Valine for the Preparation of Highly Selective Silica-Supported Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2348. [PMID: 33066384 PMCID: PMC7602222 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of silica-supported polymeric ionic liquid (PIL)-based stationary phases derived from a vinylic L-valine ionic liquid monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as the crosslinking agent have been prepared and studied as gas chromatographic stationary phases. These coated gas chromatographic columns exhibited good thermal stabilities (230-300 °C) and high efficiencies (1700-2700 plates/m), and were characterized using a linear solvation parameter model in order to understand the effects of the amount of DVB on the features of the resulting composite systems. Their retention behavior and separation efficiencies were demonstrated using the Grob test. By tuning the crosslinking degree for the IL-derived stationary phase, the separation selectivity and resolution of different compounds were improved. The different retention behaviors observed for many analytes indicate that these stationary phases may be applicable as new types of GC stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (P.A.A.); (M.D.G.Á.)
| | - Adriana Valls
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avda. V. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Pilar Arias Abrodo
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (P.A.A.); (M.D.G.Á.)
| | - María Dolores Gutiérrez Álvarez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (P.A.A.); (M.D.G.Á.)
| | - Jaime González-Álvarez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (P.A.A.); (M.D.G.Á.)
| | - Belén Altava
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avda. V. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University Jaume I, Avda. V. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castellón, Spain;
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6
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Fan F, Liang X, Wang S, Wang L, Guo Y. A facile process for the preparation of organic gel-assisted silica microsphere material for multi-mode liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461472. [PMID: 32822994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic gel (OG) has excellent characteristics, including a large surface area, adjustable pore/channel size, and good chemical stability, and has attracted great attention in the field of materials. However, the OG packed column is difficult to pack due to the weak mechanical strength and poor monodispersity. Herein, 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate-co-1-dodecanethiol ([AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM) was prepared on the silica microsphere for chromatographic packing available in multimode liquid chromatography (LC) mode with the good mechanical properties of silica microspheres through a simple OG synthesis method. [AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM@SiO2 hybrid microspheres with uniform particles and narrow particle size distribution are used as stationary phases of LC. These microspheres are used in anion-exchange (IEC), reversed-phase (RP), and hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) mode for the separation of different analytes. Such microspheres can also be used for the preliminary qualitative analysis of active ingredients in actual samples in addition to organic acids, alkylbenzenes, and nucleoside bases. The [AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM@SiO2 chromatography packing also has good reproducibility and stability. The adhesive properties of organogels and the adsorption properties of silica gel simplify the synthesis of stationary phase materials. This simple and effective strategy for preparing [AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM@SiO2 composite microspheres by one-pot method can expand the application of OG as a functional additive on silica microspheres in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Fan
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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7
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Gholizadeh A, Chowdhury M, Agah M. Parallel Ionic Liquid Semi-Packed Microfabricated Columns for Complex Gas Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10635-10642. [PMID: 32640785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a parallel micro gas chromatography approach using three ionic liquid semipacked columns. Switching from single column to multiple parallel columns with different selectivity enhances the power of compound identification without increasing the analysis time. The columns are fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology containing an array of microfabricated pillars. The columns are 1 m-long and 240 μm-deep with four pillars per row. All columns were functionalized with ionic liquid stationary phases using a modified static coating technique and demonstrated the number of theoretical plates between 5000 and 8300 per meter. The chip performance was investigated with four different samples: (1) a mixture of C7-C30 saturated alkanes, (2) a multianalyte mixture consisting of 20 compounds ranging from 80 to 238 °C in boiling point, (3) a mixture of five organic chemicals with varying degrees of polarity, and (4) 46-compounds mixture containing all the chemicals in the first three samples. The individual columns separated 75%-100% of the first three samples but failed to distinguish all 46 compounds due to coeluting analytes; however, the parallel configuration provided more retention time information by which all the compounds in all samples were fully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Gholizadeh
- VT MEMS Lab, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mustahsin Chowdhury
- VT MEMS Lab, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Masoud Agah
- VT MEMS Lab, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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8
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Triptycene-based dicationic guanidinium ionic liquid: A novel stationary phase of high selectivity towards a wide range of positional and structural isomers. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Li MWH, Huang X, Zhu H, Kurabayashi K, Fan X. Microfabricated ionic liquid column for separations in dry air. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Xu H, Du Y, Feng Z, Sun X, Liu J. Synthesis of a chiral ionic liquid, cholinium-clindamycin phosphate, as sole chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1615:460721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Incorporation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids in GC Stationary Phases via the Sol–Gel Process. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Shi T, Qi M, Huang X. High-resolution performance of triptycene functionalized with polycaprolactones for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1614:460714. [PMID: 31761436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing highly selective stationary phases is essential to address the issues for separation of analytes with similar properties and various components in complex samples. Herein, we report a new triptycene-based material functionalized with polycaprolactone moieties (TP-PCL) as the stationary phase with high-resolution performance for gas chromatography (GC). The TP-PCL capillary column exhibited column efficiency of 5555 plates/m and moderate polarity. On the column, dozens of mixtures of positional and structural isomers can be well resolved, involving benzene derivatives with varying substituents (alkyl, halo, nitro, hydroxyl, amino), naphthalene derivatives, alkanes and alcohols. It exhibits advantageous performance for high resolution of the critical pairs of alkylbenzenes, phenols, anilines and alkanes over the PCL column and commercial DB-35 MS column with similar polarity. Moreover, the TP-PCL column showed excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with RSD values of 0.02%-0.07% for run-to-run (n = 4), 0.11%-0.18% for day-to-day (n = 4) and 2.1%-4.7% for column-to-column (n = 4). In addition, it exhibited distinctly enhanced thermal stability in contrast to the PCL column. Its application to analysis of the essential oil from Artemisiae argyi proves its good potential for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuebin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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13
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Yu L, He J, Qi M, Huang X. Amphiphilic triptycene-based stationary phase for high-resolution gas chromatographic separations. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1599:239-246. [PMID: 31005291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a new type of triptycene-based amphiphilic stationary phase (TP-2IL) for gas chromatography (GC). It is an integration of the 3D π-rich triptycene framework with ionic liquids. Its capillary column showed the efficiency of 3880 plates/m determined by n-dodecane at 120 °C (k = 2.79) and exhibited good performance for analytes from apolar to polar nature. Particularly, it has outstanding capability for resolving critical pairs of anilines and phenols with good peak shapes and shows distinct advantages over its composing counterparts (TP-2BO and O-IL) and widely-used commercial columns, namely 35% phenyl methyl polysiloxane (DB-35) and polyethylene glycol (INNOWAX). Moreover, the TP-2IL column exhibited good repeatability and reproducibility with the values of relative standard deviation in the range of 0.02%-0.07% for run-to-run, 0.10%-0.35% for day-to-day and 2.9%-5.1% for column-to-column, respectively, and good thermal stability up to 300 °C. Furthermore, its applications for determining isomer impurities in real samples demonstrate its feasibility for practical GC analysis. This work presents a facile strategy for constructing triptycene-based stationary phases with amphiphilic selectivity and provides alternatives of highly selective stationary phases for chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuebin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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14
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Chen J, Huang Y, Wei X, Lei X, Zhao L, Guan M, Qiu H. Covalent organic nanospheres: facile preparation and application in high-resolution gas chromatographic separation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10908-10911. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A facile and rapid room-temperature solution-phase strategy was used to fabricate covalent organic nanospheres with uniform morphology and outstanding thermal/solvent stability for GC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yanni Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xin Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xiaoqiang Lei
- Lanzhou Donglilong Information Technology Co., Ltd
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Liang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Ming Guan
- Laboratory on Pollution Monitoring and Control
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang Normal University
- Urumqi 830054
- China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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15
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Nan H, Varona M, Emaus MN, Souza ID, Anderson JL. Advances of Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:505-531. [PMID: 30335970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - He Nan
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Marcelino Varona
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Miranda N Emaus
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Israel D Souza
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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Patil RA, Talebi M, Sidisky LM, Berthod A, Armstrong DW. Gas chromatography selectivity of new phosphonium-based dicationic ionic liquid stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4142-4148. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A. Patil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Alain Berthod
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques; Université de Lyon 1; CNRS; Villeurbanne France
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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