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Grover K, Koblova A, Pezacki AT, Chang CJ, New EJ. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Binding- and Activity-Based Sensing of Redox-Active Biological Metals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5846-5929. [PMID: 38657175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Although transition metals constitute less than 0.1% of the total mass within a human body, they have a substantial impact on fundamental biological processes across all kingdoms of life. Indeed, these nutrients play crucial roles in the physiological functions of enzymes, with the redox properties of many of these metals being essential to their activity. At the same time, imbalances in transition metal pools can be detrimental to health. Modern analytical techniques are helping to illuminate the workings of metal homeostasis at a molecular and atomic level, their spatial localization in real time, and the implications of metal dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. Fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most promising non-invasive methods for studying metal pools in biological samples. The accuracy and sensitivity of bioimaging experiments are predominantly determined by the fluorescent metal-responsive sensor, highlighting the importance of rational probe design for such measurements. This review covers activity- and binding-based fluorescent metal sensors that have been applied to cellular studies. We focus on the essential redox-active metals: iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, and nickel. We aim to encourage further targeted efforts in developing innovative approaches to understanding the biological chemistry of redox-active metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karandeep Grover
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alla Koblova
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aidan T Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Luo W, Li Y, Wang L, Qin Y, Cheng Q, Hu G, Yao C, Song X. Design, synthesis, and biological application of A-D-A-type boranil fluorescent dyes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3725-3731. [PMID: 38647088 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, three acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type boranil fluorescent dyes, CSU-BF-R (R = H, CH3, and OCH3), featuring phenothiazine as the donor, were designed and synthesized. CSU-BF-R exhibited remarkable photophysical characteristics, including large Stokes shifts (>150 nm), high fluorescence quantum yields (up to 40%), long-wavelength emissions, and strong red solid-state fluorescence. Moreover, these CSU-BF-R fluorescent dyes were demonstrated to function as highly selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probes for detecting hypochlorous acid (HClO). The preliminary biological applications of CSU-BF-OCH3 for sensing intracellular HClO in living cells and zebrafish were demonstrated. Therefore, CSU-BF-R possess the potential to further explore the physiological and pathological functions associated with HClO and provide valuable insights into the design of high-performance A-D-A-type fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Research Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Yiling Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhua Qin
- Research Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Qiao Cheng
- Research Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Guochang Hu
- Research Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoyi Yao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
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Zhu Y, Guo X, Ma X, Liu K, Han Y, Wu Y, Li X. Rare earth upconversion luminescent composite based on energy transfer for specific and sensitive detection of cysteine. Analyst 2023; 148:1016-1023. [PMID: 36723185 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal levels of thiols in cysteine (Cys) have been shown to be associated with growth retardation, skin lesions, and neurotoxicity in humans. Herein, we designed and synthesized a rare earth upconversion luminescent (UCL) nanocomposite probe UCNP-PEG-NOF1 for the UCL detection of Cys using NOF1 developed by our group as a Cys probe. The core structure of rare earth nanoparticles can absorb light at 980 nm and convert it into visible light. The detection principle of Cys was based on the change in absorption peak before and after the reaction between NOF1 and Cys, as well as the change in UCL intensity. The rare earth nanocomposite in the probe could be excited by near-infrared light and had low background fluorescence and strong penetration ability; thus, the probe was successfully employed to specifically and sensitively detect Cys with a low background signal. Overall, the developed UCNP-PEG-NOF1 probe had good selectivity and high sensitivity for Cys; its detection limit was as low as 83 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Yongquan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Xun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
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Teeuwen PCP, Melissari Z, Senge MO, Williams RM. Metal Coordination Effects on the Photophysics of Dipyrrinato Photosensitizers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206967. [PMID: 36296559 PMCID: PMC9610856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this work, we review the metal coordination effect on the photophysics of metal dipyrrinato complexes. Dipyrrinato complexes are promising candidates in the search for alternative transition metal photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes can be activated by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength, after which, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. The metal coordination allows for the use of the heavy atom effect, which can enhance the triplet generation necessary for generation of ROS. Additionally, the flexibility of these complexes for metal ions, substitutions and ligands allows the possibility to tune their photophysical properties. A general overview of the mechanism of photodynamic therapy and the properties of the triplet photosensitizers is given, followed by further details of dipyrrinato complexes described in the literature that show relevance as photosensitizers for PDT. In particular, the photophysical properties of Re(I), Ru(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), Zn(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Al(III) dipyrrinato complexes are discussed. The potential for future development in the field of (dipyrrinato)metal complexes is addressed, and several new research topics are suggested throughout this work. We propose that significant advances could be made for heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) and homoleptic bis(dipyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes and their application as photosensitizers for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. P. Teeuwen
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoi Melissari
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin St James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.O.S.); (R.M.W.)
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Schäfer C, Mony J, Olsson T, Börjesson K. Effect of the Aza-N-Bridge and Push-Pull Moieties: A Comparative Study between BODIPYs and Aza-BODIPYs. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2569-2579. [PMID: 35188769 PMCID: PMC8902755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the field of fluorescent dyes, difluoroboron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPY) have a highly respected position. To predict their photophysical properties prior to synthesis and therefore to successfully design molecules specifically for one's needs, a solid structure-function understanding based on experimental observations is vital. This work delivers a photophysical evaluation of BODIPY and aza-BODIPY derivatives equipped with different electron-withdrawing/-donating substituents. Using combinatorial chemistry, pyrroles substituted with electron-donating/-withdrawing substituents were condensed together in two different manners, thus providing two sets of molecules. The only difference between the two sets is the bridging unit providing a so far lacking comparison between BODIPYs and aza-BODIPYs structural homologues. Replacing the meso-methine bridge with an aza-N bridge results in a red-shifted transition and considerably different, temperature-activated, excited-state relaxation pathways. The effect of electron-donating units on the absorption but not emission for BODIPYs was suppressed compared to aza-BODIPYs. This result could be evident in a substitution pattern-dependent Stokes shift. The outlook of this study is a deeper understanding of the structure-optics relationship of the (aza)-BODIPY-dye class, leading to an improvement in the de novo design of tailor-made molecules for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Martynov VI, Pakhomov AA. BODIPY derivatives as fluorescent reporters of molecular activities in living cells. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fluorescent compounds have become indispensable tools for imaging molecular activities in the living cell. 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) is currently one of the most popular fluorescent reporters due to its unique photophysical properties. This review provides a general survey and presents a summary of recent advances in the development of new BODIPY-based cellular biomarkers and biosensors. The review starts with the consideration of the properties of BODIPY derivatives required for their application as cellular reporters. Then review provides examples of the design of sensors for different biologically important molecules, ions, membrane potential, temperature and viscosity defining the live cell status. Special attention is payed to BODPY-based phototransformable reporters.
The bibliography includes 339 references.
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Nguyen VN, Ha J, Cho M, Li H, Swamy K, Yoon J. Recent developments of BODIPY-based colorimetric and fluorescent probes for the detection of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and cancer diagnosis. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Colas K, Doloczki S, Posada Urrutia M, Dyrager C. Prevalent Bioimaging Scaffolds: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Applications. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Colas
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry – BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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Zhou B, Guo M, Pan Q, Zhou M, Xu L, Rao Y, Wang K, Yin B, Zhou J, Song J. Rhodium-catalyzed annulation of pyrrole substituted BODIPYs with alkynes to access π-extended polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules and NIR absorption. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01625j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of π-extended BODIPY derivatives fused with an indolizine scaffold were prepared smoothly via rhodium-catalyzed C–H functionalization/annulation. These fluorophores show significantly red-shifted absorption, reaching to the near infrared (NIR) region.
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Abstract
We report experimental studies on the development of photoactivatable fluorophores for rapid, light-induced synthesis of protein conjugates. Proof-of-concept studies demonstrated that electronic excitation of photoactivatable BODIPY-ArN3 (1) in the presence of different proteins leads to efficient labeling in less than 10 min. After synthesis and isolation of the fluorescently tagged protein, photochemical conversion yields using human serum albumin and onartuzumab were 47 ± 7% and 42 ± 5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhang L, Yang Z, Chen L, Wang L, Liu S, Xie Z. Red fluorescent pyrazoline-BODIPY nanoparticles for ultrafast and long-term bioimaging. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:707-714. [PMID: 31907494 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence bioimaging is very significant in studying biological processes. Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) manufactured from aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, as promising candidates, have attracted more attention. However, it is still a challenge to explore suitable AIE NPs for bioimaging. Herein, we synthesized pyrazoline-BODIPY (PZL-BDP) with a donor and acceptor (D-A) structure by a condensation reaction, cultured its single crystal, and studied its twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and AIE effects. PZL-BDP could self-assemble to form red fluorescent nanoparticles (PZL-BDP NPs) which showed a good fluorescence quantum yield of 15.8% in water. PZL-BDP NPs with excellent stability and biocompatibility exhibited a large Stokes shift (Δλ = 111 nm) which resulted in the reduction of external interference and enhancement of the fluorescence contrast. Furthermore, these nanoparticles could be readily internalized by HeLa cells and they stain the cells in just five seconds, indicating an ultrafast bioimaging protocol. Moreover, long-term tracking fluorescence signals in vivo for about 12 days were obtained. The bright red fluorescence, ultrafast cell staining ability, and long-term in vivo tracking competence outline the great potential of rational design nanomaterials with AIE characteristics for monitoring biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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Fu YL, Li H, Wei XZ, Song QH. BODIPY-based hydrazine as a fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective detection of nitric oxide: a new strategy. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00626e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe 8-HB was developed with a BODIPY as a fluorophore and 8-substituted hydrazine as a reactive site for sensitive and selective detection of nitric oxide (NO), generating major fluorescent dehydrazinated BODIPY and minor non-fluorescent azide BODIPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Long Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- P. R. China
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