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Raja SN, Jain S, Kipen J, Jaldén J, Stemme G, Herland A, Niklaus F. High-bandwidth low-current measurement system for automated and scalable probing of tunnel junctions in liquids. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:074710. [PMID: 39037302 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Tunnel junctions have long been used to immobilize and study the electronic transport properties of single molecules. The sensitivity of tunneling currents to entities in the tunneling gap has generated interest in developing electronic biosensors with single molecule resolution. Tunnel junctions can, for example, be used for sensing bound or unbound DNA, RNA, amino acids, and proteins in liquids. However, manufacturing technologies for on-chip integrated arrays of tunnel junction sensors are still in their infancy, and scalable measurement strategies that allow the measurement of large numbers of tunneling junctions are required to facilitate progress. Here, we describe an experimental setup to perform scalable, high-bandwidth (>10 kHz) measurements of low currents (pA-nA) in arrays of on-chip integrated tunnel junctions immersed in various liquid media. Leveraging a commercially available compact 100 kHz bandwidth low-current measurement instrument, we developed a custom two-terminal probe on which the amplifier is directly mounted to decrease parasitic probe capacitances to sub-pF levels. We also integrated a motorized three-axis stage, which could be powered down using software control, inside the Faraday cage of the setup. This enabled automated data acquisition on arrays of tunnel junctions without worsening the noise floor despite being inside the Faraday cage. A deliberately positioned air gap in the fluidic path ensured liquid perfusion to the chip from outside the Faraday cage without coupling in additional noise. We demonstrate the performance of our setup using rapid current switching observed in electromigrated gold tunnel junctions immersed in deionized water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamprasad N Raja
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Saumey Jain
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, SciLife Lab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Javier Kipen
- Division of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Joakim Jaldén
- Division of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, SciLife Lab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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2
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Zhang LL, Zhong CB, Huang TJ, Zhang LM, Yan F, Ying YL. High-throughput single biomarker identification using droplet nanopore. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8355-8362. [PMID: 38846401 PMCID: PMC11151865 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06795e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are present in various metabolism processes, demanding precise and meticulous analysis at the single-molecule level for accurate clinical diagnosis. Given the need for high sensitivity, biological nanopore have been applied for single biomarker sensing. However, the detection of low-volume biomarkers poses challenges due to their low concentrations in dilute buffer solutions, as well as difficulty in parallel detection. Here, a droplet nanopore technique is developed for low-volume and high-throughput single biomarker detection at the sub-microliter scale, which shows a 2000-fold volume reduction compared to conventional setups. To prove the concept, this nanopore sensing platform not only enables multichannel recording but also significantly lowers the detection limit for various types of biomarkers such as angiotensin II, to 42 pg. This advancement enables direct biomarker detection at the picogram level. Such a leap forward in detection capability positions this nanopore sensing platform as a promising candidate for point-of-care testing of biomarker at single-molecule level, while substantially minimizing the need for sample dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhang
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Bing Zhong
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ting-Jing Huang
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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3
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Fang S, Zeng D, He S, Li Y, Pang Z, Wang Y, Liang L, Weng T, Xie W, Wang D. Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2109. [PMID: 38610321 PMCID: PMC11013984 DOI: 10.3390/s24072109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The sensitivity and accuracy of nanopore sensors are severely hindered by the high noise associated with solid-state nanopores. To mitigate this issue, the deposition of organic polymer materials onto silicon nitride (SiNx) membranes has been effective in obtaining low-noise measurements. Nonetheless, the fabrication of nanopores sub-10 nm on thin polymer membranes remains a significant challenge. This work proposes a method for fabricating nanopores on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) membrane by the local high electrical field controlled breakdown, exploring the impact of voltage and current on the breakdown of PMMA membranes and discussing the mechanism underlying the breakdown voltage and current during the formation of nanopores. By improving the electric field application method, transient high electric fields that are one-seven times higher than the breakdown electric field can be utilized to fabricate nanopores. A comparative analysis was performed on the current noise levels of nanopores in PMMA-SiNx composite membranes and SiNx nanopores with a 5 nm diameter. The results demonstrated that the fast fabrication of nanopores on PMMA-SiNx membranes exhibited reduced current noise compared to SiNx nanopores. This finding provides evidence supporting the feasibility of utilizing this technology for efficiently fabricating low-noise nanopores on polymer composite membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxi Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (T.W.)
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Delin Zeng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (D.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.)
| | - Shixuan He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (T.W.)
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yadong Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (D.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zichen Pang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (D.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.)
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (T.W.)
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (T.W.)
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ting Weng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (T.W.)
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wanyi Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (T.W.)
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (T.W.)
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China; (D.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.)
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Burden DL, Meyer JJ, Michael RD, Anderson SC, Burden HM, Peña SM, Leong-Fern KJ, Van Ye LA, Meyer EC, Keranen-Burden LM. Confirming Silent Translocation through Nanopores with Simultaneous Single-Molecule Fluorescence and Single-Channel Electrical Recordings. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18020-18028. [PMID: 37991877 PMCID: PMC10719886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Most of what is known concerning the luminal passage of materials through nanopores arises from electrical measurements. Whether nanopores are biological, solid-state, synthetic, hybrid, glass-capillary-based, or protein ion channels in cells and tissues, characteristic signatures embedded in the flow of ionic current are foundational to understanding functional behavior. In contrast, this work describes passage through a nanopore that occurs without producing an electrical signature. We refer to the phenomenon as "silent translocation." By definition, silent translocations are invisible to the standard tools of electrophysiology and fundamentally require a simultaneous ancillary measurement technique for positive identification. As a result, this phenomenon has been largely unexplored in the literature. Here, we report on a derivative of Cyanine 5 (sCy5a) that passes through the α-hemolysin (αHL) nanopore silently. Simultaneously acquired single-molecule fluorescence and single-channel electrical recordings from bilayers formed over a closed microcavity demonstrate that translocation does indeed take place, albeit infrequently. We report observations of silent translocation as a function of time, dye concentration, and nanopore population in the bilayer. Lastly, measurement of the translocation rate as a function of applied potential permits estimation of an effective energy barrier for transport through the pore as well as the effective charge on the dye, all in the absence of an information-containing electrical signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Burden
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
| | - Joshua J. Meyer
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
| | - Richard D. Michael
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
| | - Sophie C. Anderson
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
| | - Hannah M. Burden
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
| | - Sophia M. Peña
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
| | | | - Lily Anne Van Ye
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Meyer
- Chemistry Department, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, United States
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5
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Fang S, Yin B, Xie W, He S, Liang L, Tang P, Tian R, Weng T, Yuan J, Wang D. Low-noise and high-speed trans-impedance amplifier for nanopore sensor. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:074704. [PMID: 37439626 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The small current detection circuit is the core component of the accurate detection of the nanopore sensor. In this paper, a compact, low-noise, and high-speed trans-impedance amplifier is built for the nanopore detection system. The amplifier consists of two amplification stages. The first stage performs low-noise trans-impedance amplification by using ADA4530-1, which is a high-performance FET operational amplifier, and a high-ohm feedback resistor of 1 GΩ. The high pass shelf filter in the second stage recovers the higher frequency above the 3 dB cutoff in the first stage to extend the maximum bandwidth up to 50 kHz. The amplifier shows a low noise below sub-2 pA rms when tuned to have a bandwidth of around 5 kHz. It also guarantees a stable frequency response in the nanopore sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxi Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohua Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Province, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyi Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Weng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahu Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, People's Republic of China
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Province, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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6
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Kitta K, Sakamoto M, Hayakawa K, Nukazuka A, Kano K, Yamamoto T. Nanopore Impedance Spectroscopy Reveals Electrical Properties of Single Nanoparticles for Detecting and Identifying Pathogenic Viruses. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14684-14693. [PMID: 37125101 PMCID: PMC10134219 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the conventional nanopore method, direct current (DC) is used to study molecules and nanoparticles; however, it cannot easily discriminate between materials with similarly sized particles. Herein, we developed an alternating current (AC)-based nanopore method to measure the impedance of a single nanoparticle and distinguish between particles of the same size based on their material characteristics. We demonstrated the performance of this method using impedance measurements to determine the size and frequency characteristics of various particles, ranging in diameter from 200 nm to 1 μm. Furthermore, the alternating current method exhibited high accuracy for biosensing applications, identifying viruses with over 85% accuracy using single-particle measurement and machine learning. Therefore, this novel nanopore method is useful for applications in materials science, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kitta
- Mechanical
Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ishikawadai 1-314, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Maami Sakamoto
- Mechanical
Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ishikawadai 1-314, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Hayakawa
- Material
Research and Innovation Division, DENSO
CORPORATION, 1-1 Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8661, Japan
| | - Akira Nukazuka
- Material
Research and Innovation Division, DENSO
CORPORATION, 1-1 Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8661, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kano
- Material
Research and Innovation Division, DENSO
CORPORATION, 1-1 Showa-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-8661, Japan
| | - Takatoki Yamamoto
- Mechanical
Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ishikawadai 1-314, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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7
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Ejjigu N, Abdelgadir K, Flaten Z, Hoff C, Li CZ, Sun D. Environmental noise reduction for tunable resistive pulse sensing of extracellular vesicles. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2022; 346:113832. [PMID: 37273787 PMCID: PMC10237153 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) bearing biomolecules from parental cells can represent a novel source of disease biomarkers and are under intensive study for their clinical potential. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) quantifies the magnitude of a small ionic resistive pulse current to determine the size, concentration, and zeta potential of EVs. Environmental noise is a common limiting factor that affects the precision of sensing devices. TRPS is particularly vulnerable to environmental noise, including both mechanical and electrical. The upper detection limit of the TRPS relies on the physical size of the elastomeric tunable nanopore. The lower limit relies on the electrical signal-to-noise ratio. Guided by simulation, we designed an external device to suppress environmental noise for TRPS measurement. Both mechanical and electrical environmental noise reductions were observed after using the shield. The study also validated the noise reduction function of the shield by quantifying EVs from different cell origins. Detection of EVs smaller than 200 nm was improved by using the shield; which was reported challenging for conventional quantification methods. The study highlighted a feasible approach to solve environmental noise challenges for TRPS based EV quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nega Ejjigu
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Engineering Administration, Room 203, 1401 Centennial Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Khalid Abdelgadir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1411 Centennial Blvd., 101 S, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Zachariah Flaten
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Engineering Administration, Room 203, 1401 Centennial Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Cameron Hoff
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1411 Centennial Blvd., 101 S, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dali Sun
- Biomedical Engineering Program, North Dakota State University, Engineering Administration, Room 203, 1401 Centennial Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1411 Centennial Blvd., 101 S, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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Ahmed YW, Alemu BA, Bekele SA, Gizaw ST, Zerihun MF, Wabalo EK, Teklemariam MD, Mihrete TK, Hanurry EY, Amogne TG, Gebrehiwot AD, Berga TN, Haile EA, Edo DO, Alemu BD. Epigenetic tumor heterogeneity in the era of single-cell profiling with nanopore sequencing. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:107. [PMID: 36030244 PMCID: PMC9419648 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopore sequencing has brought the technology to the next generation in the science of sequencing. This is achieved through research advancing on: pore efficiency, creating mechanisms to control DNA translocation, enhancing signal-to-noise ratio, and expanding to long-read ranges. Heterogeneity regarding epigenetics would be broad as mutations in the epigenome are sensitive to cause new challenges in cancer research. Epigenetic enzymes which catalyze DNA methylation and histone modification are dysregulated in cancer cells and cause numerous heterogeneous clones to evolve. Detection of this heterogeneity in these clones plays an indispensable role in the treatment of various cancer types. With single-cell profiling, the nanopore sequencing technology could provide a simple sequence at long reads and is expected to be used soon at the bedside or doctor's office. Here, we review the advancements of nanopore sequencing and its use in the detection of epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannis Wondwosen Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhan Ababaw Alemu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Addisu Bekele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Tebeje Gizaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Fekadie Zerihun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endriyas Kelta Wabalo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Maria Degef Teklemariam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehayneh Kelemu Mihrete
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endris Yibru Hanurry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tensae Gebru Amogne
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Assaye Desalegne Gebrehiwot
- Department of Medical Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Nida Berga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebsitu Abate Haile
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessiet Oma Edo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuwork Derebew Alemu
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
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9
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Probing the Hepatitis B Virus E-Antigen with a Nanopore Sensor Based on Collisional Events Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080596. [PMID: 36004992 PMCID: PMC9405897 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring, simple operation, and cheaper methods for detecting immunological proteins hold the potential for a solid influence on proteomics and human biology, as they can promote the onset of timely diagnoses and adequate treatment protocols. In this work we present an exploratory study suggesting the applicability of resistive-pulse sensing technology in conjunction with the α-hemolysin (α-HL) protein nanopore, for the detection of the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) e-antigen (HBeAg). In this approach, the recognition between HBeAg and a purified monoclonal hepatitis B e antibody (Ab(HBeAg)) was detected via transient ionic current spikes generated by partial occlusions of the α-HL nanopore by protein aggregates electrophoretically driven toward the nanopore’s vestibule entrance. Despite the steric hindrance precluding antigen, antibody, or antigen–antibody complex capture inside the nanopore, their stochastic bumping with the nanopore generated clear transient blockade events. The subsequent analysis suggested the detection of protein subpopulations in solution, rendering the approach a potentially valuable label-free platform for the sensitive, submicromolar-scale screening of HBeAg targets.
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10
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Das N, Chakraborty B, RoyChaudhuri C. A review on nanopores based protein sensing in complex analyte. Talanta 2022; 243:123368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Choi J, Jia Z, Riahipour R, McKinney CJ, Amarasekara CA, Weerakoon-Ratnayake KM, Soper SA, Park S. Label-Free Identification of Single Mononucleotides by Nanoscale Electrophoresis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102567. [PMID: 34558175 PMCID: PMC8542607 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale electrophoresis allows for unique separations of single molecules, such as DNA/RNA nucleobases, and thus has the potential to be used as single molecular sensors for exonuclease sequencing. For this to be envisioned, label-free detection of the nucleotides to determine their electrophoretic mobility (i.e., time-of-flight, TOF) for highly accurate identification must be realized. Here, for the first time a novel nanosensor is shown that allows discriminating four 2-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates, dNMPs, molecules in a label-free manner by nanoscale electrophoresis. This is made possible by positioning two sub-10 nm in-plane pores at both ends of a nanochannel column used for nanoscale electrophoresis and measuring the longitudinal transient current during translocation of the molecules. The dual nanopore TOF sensor with 0.5, 1, and 5 µm long nanochannel column lengths discriminates different dNMPs with a mean accuracy of 55, 66, and 94%, respectively. This nanosensor format can broadly be applicable to label-free detection and discrimination of other single molecules, vesicles, and particles by changing the dimensions of the nanochannel column and in-plane nanopores and integrating different pre- and postprocessing units to the nanosensor. This is simple to accomplish because the nanosensor is contained within a fluidic network made in plastic via replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseo Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Zheng Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Ramin Riahipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Collin J. McKinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Charuni A. Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Kumuditha M. Weerakoon-Ratnayake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Kansas Biology and KUCC, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sunggook Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center of Bio-Modular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
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12
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Lemay SG, Moazzenzade T. Single-Entity Electrochemistry for Digital Biosensing at Ultralow Concentrations. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9023-9031. [PMID: 34167291 PMCID: PMC8264825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying ultralow analyte concentrations is a continuing challenge in the analytical sciences in general and in electrochemistry in particular. Typical hurdles for affinity sensors at low concentrations include achieving sufficiently efficient mass transport of the analyte, dealing with slow reaction kinetics, and detecting a small transducer signal against a background signal that itself fluctuates slowly in time. Recent decades have seen the advent of methods capable of detecting single analytes ranging from the nanoscale to individual molecules, representing the ultimate mass sensitivity to these analytes. However, single-entity detection does not automatically translate into a superior concentration sensitivity. This is largely because electrochemical transducers capable of such detection are themselves miniaturized, exacerbating mass transport and binding kinetic limitations. In this Perspective, we discuss how these challenges can be tackled through so-called digital sensing: large arrays of separately addressable single-entity detectors that provide real-time information on individual binding events. We discuss the advantages of this approach and the barriers to its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge G. Lemay
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
and Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Taghi Moazzenzade
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
and Faculty of Science and Technology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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13
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Nanopores: a versatile tool to study protein dynamics. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:93-107. [PMID: 33296461 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are the active workhorses in our body. These biomolecules perform all vital cellular functions from DNA replication and general biosynthesis to metabolic signaling and environmental sensing. While static 3D structures are now readily available, observing the functional cycle of proteins - involving conformational changes and interactions - remains very challenging, e.g., due to ensemble averaging. However, time-resolved information is crucial to gain a mechanistic understanding of protein function. Single-molecule techniques such as FRET and force spectroscopies provide answers but can be limited by the required labelling, a narrow time bandwidth, and more. Here, we describe electrical nanopore detection as a tool for probing protein dynamics. With a time bandwidth ranging from microseconds to hours, nanopore experiments cover an exceptionally wide range of timescales that is very relevant for protein function. First, we discuss the working principle of label-free nanopore experiments, various pore designs, instrumentation, and the characteristics of nanopore signals. In the second part, we review a few nanopore experiments that solved research questions in protein science, and we compare nanopores to other single-molecule techniques. We hope to make electrical nanopore sensing more accessible to the biochemical community, and to inspire new creative solutions to resolve a variety of protein dynamics - one molecule at a time.
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14
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Farajpour N, Lastra LS, Sharma V, Freedman KJ. Measuring trapped DNA at the liquid-air interface for enhanced single molecule sensing. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5780-5790. [PMID: 33704302 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07759c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing is a promising tool with widespread application in single-molecule detection. Borosilicate glass nanopores are a viable alternative to other solid-state nanopores due to low noise and cost-efficient fabrication. For dielectric materials, including borosilicate glass, the capacitive noise is one of the major contributors to noise, which depends on the wall thickness and the surface area submerged in an ionic solution. Here, we investigated the root mean square (IRMS) noise and ionic conductance for borosilicate nanopores in different depths (i.e., tip submersion depth) ranging from the solution surface (assumed to be zero) to 5000 μm. Our findings demonstrate a decrease in IRMS noise as the pipette moves toward the surface. We further demonstrate that borosilicate nanopores can detect single lambda DNA (λ-DNA) molecules with a high signal-to noise ratio close to the liquid-air interface. Specifically, our results indicate a higher signal to noise ratio as the submersion depth is reduced owing to the reduced surface area and thus capacitive noise. Further, our experimental results show higher DNA capture frequency at the air-water interface due to a combined effect of evaporation and an evaporation-induced thermal gradient at the surface. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that borosilicate glass nanopores are suitable for studying interfacial concentration gradients of molecules, specifically DNA, with a higher signal to noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Farajpour
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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15
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Rauh O, Kukovetz K, Winterstein L, Introini B, Thiel G. Combining in vitro translation with nanodisc technology and functional reconstitution of channels in planar lipid bilayers. Methods Enzymol 2021; 652:293-318. [PMID: 34059286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies on membrane proteins have been recently enriched by two promising method developments: protocols for cell-free protein synthesis and the use of soluble nanoscale lipid bilayers, so called nanodiscs, as membrane mimics for keeping these proteins in a soluble form. Here, we show how the advantages of these techniques can be combined with the classical planar lipid bilayer method for a functional reconstitution of channel activity. The present data demonstrate that the combination of these methods offers a very rapid and reliable way of recording channel activity in different bilayer systems. This approach has additional advantages in that it strongly lowers the propensity of contamination from the expression system and allows the simultaneous reconstitution of thousands of channel proteins for macroscopic current measurements without compromising bilayer stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rauh
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kerri Kukovetz
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Winterstein
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bianca Introini
- Department of Biosciences and CNR IBF-Mi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gerhard Thiel
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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16
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Pein F, Bartsch A, Steinem C, Munk A. Heterogeneous Idealization of Ion Channel Recordings - Open Channel Noise. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2020; 20:57-78. [PMID: 33052850 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2020.3031202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new model-free segmentation method for idealizing ion channel recordings. This method is designed to deal with heterogeneity of measurement errors. This in particular applies to open channel noise which, in general, is particularly difficult to cope with for model-free approaches. Our methodology is able to deal with lowpass filtered data which provides a further computational challenge. To this end we propose a multiresolution testing approach, combined with local deconvolution to resolve the lowpass filter. Simulations and statistical theory confirm that the proposed idealization recovers the underlying signal very accurately at presence of heterogeneous noise, even when events are shorter than the filter length. The method is compared to existing approaches in computer experiments and on real data. We find that it is the only one which allows to identify openings of the PorB porine at two different temporal scales. An implementation is available as an R package.
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17
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Awad E, Hassan S, Bebers E, Rammah Y. Strong etching investigation on PADC CR-39 as a thick track membrane with deep depth profile study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Nicolaï A, Rath A, Delarue P, Senet P. Nanopore sensing of single-biomolecules: a new procedure to identify protein sequence motifs from molecular dynamics. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22743-22753. [PMID: 33174564 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05185c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores have emerged as one of the most versatile tools for single-biomolecule detection and characterization. Nanopore sensing is based on the measurement of variations in ionic current as charged biomolecules immersed in an electrolyte translocate through nanometer-sized channels, in response to an external voltage applied across the membrane. The passage of a biomolecule through a pore yields information about its structure and chemical properties, as demonstrated experimentally with sub-microsecond temporal resolution. However, extracting the sequence of a biomolecule without the information about its position remains challenging due to the fact there is a large variability of sensing events recorded. In this paper, we performed microsecond time scale all-atom non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of peptide translocation (motifs of alpha-synuclein, associated with Parkinson's disease) through single-layer MoS2 nanopores. First, we present an analysis based on the current threshold to extract and characterize meaningful sensing events from ionic current time series computed from MD. Second, a mechanism of translocation is established, for which side chains of each amino acid are oriented parallel to the electric field when they are translocating through the pore and perpendicular otherwise. Third, a new procedure based on the permutation entropy (PE) algorithm is detailed to identify protein sequence motifs related to ionic current drop speed. PE is a technique used to quantify the complexity of a given time series and it allows the detection of regular patterns. Here, PE patterns were associated with protein sequence motifs composed of 1, 2 or 3 amino acids. Finally, we demonstrate that this very promising procedure allows the detection of biological mutations and could be tested experimentally, despite the fact that reconstructing the sequence information remains unachievable at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Nicolaï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France.
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19
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Brunet Cabré M, Djekic D, Romano T, Hanna N, Anders J, McKelvey K. Microscale Electrochemical Cell on a Custom CMOS Transimpedance Amplifier for High Temporal Resolution Single Entity Electrochemistry**. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Djekic
- Institute of Smart Sensors University of Stuttgart Keplerstraße 7 70174 Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Nadim Hanna
- Institute of Smart Sensors University of Stuttgart Keplerstraße 7 70174 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jens Anders
- Institute of Smart Sensors University of Stuttgart Keplerstraße 7 70174 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Kim McKelvey
- School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Kelburn, Wellington 6012 New Zealand
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20
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A Functional K + Channel from Tetraselmis Virus 1, a Member of the Mimiviridae. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101107. [PMID: 33003637 PMCID: PMC7650704 DOI: 10.3390/v12101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) channels have been observed in diverse viruses that infect eukaryotic marine and freshwater algae. However, experimental evidence for functional K+ channels among these alga-infecting viruses has thus far been restricted to members of the family Phycodnaviridae, which are large, double-stranded DNA viruses within the phylum Nucleocytoviricota. Recent sequencing projects revealed that alga-infecting members of Mimiviridae, another family within this phylum, may also contain genes encoding K+ channels. Here we examine the structural features and the functional properties of putative K+ channels from four cultivated members of Mimiviridae. While all four proteins contain variations of the conserved selectivity filter sequence of K+ channels, structural prediction algorithms suggest that only two of them have the required number and position of two transmembrane domains that are present in all K+ channels. After in vitro translation and reconstitution of the four proteins in planar lipid bilayers, we confirmed that one of them, a 79 amino acid protein from the virus Tetraselmis virus 1 (TetV-1), forms a functional ion channel with a distinct selectivity for K+ over Na+ and a sensitivity to Ba2+. Thus, virus-encoded K+ channels are not limited to Phycodnaviridae but also occur in the members of Mimiviridae. The large sequence diversity among the viral K+ channels implies multiple events of lateral gene transfer.
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21
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Thiruraman JP, Masih Das P, Drndić M. Stochastic Ionic Transport in Single Atomic Zero-Dimensional Pores. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11831-11845. [PMID: 32790336 PMCID: PMC9615559 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on single atomic zero-dimensional (0D) pores fabricated using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) in monolayer MoS2. Pores are comprised of a few atoms missing in the two-dimensional (2D) lattice (1-5 Mo atoms) of characteristic sizes from ∼0.5 to 1.2 nm, and pore edges directly probed by AC-STEM to map the atomic structure. We categorize them into ∼30 geometrically possible zigzag, armchair, and mixed configurations. While theoretical studies predict that transport properties of 2D pores in this size range depend strongly on pore size and their atomic configuration, 0D pores show an average conductance in the range from ∼0.6-1 nS (bias up to 0.1 V), similar to biological pores. In some devices, the current was immeasurably small and/or pores could not be wet. Furthermore, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are largely independent of bulk molarity (10 mM to 3 M KCl) and the type of cation (K+, Li+, Mg2+). This work lays the experimental foundation for understanding of the confinement effects possible in atomic-scale 2D material pores and the realization of solid-state analogues of ion channels in biology.
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22
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Application of Solid-State Nanopore in Protein Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082808. [PMID: 32316558 PMCID: PMC7215903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A protein is a kind of major biomacromolecule of life. Its sequence, structure, and content in organisms contains quite important information for normal or pathological physiological process. However, research of proteomics is facing certain obstacles. Only a few technologies are available for protein analysis, and their application is limited by chemical modification or the need for a large amount of sample. Solid-state nanopore overcomes some shortcomings of the existing technology, and has the ability to detect proteins at a single-molecule level, with its high sensitivity and robustness of device. Many works on detection of protein molecules and discriminating structure have been carried out in recent years. Single-molecule protein sequencing techniques based on solid-state nanopore are also been proposed and developed. Here, we categorize and describe these efforts and progress, as well as discuss their advantages and drawbacks.
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23
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Li Q, Ying YL, Liu SC, Hu YX, Long YT. Measuring temperature effects on nanobubble nucleation via a solid-state nanopore. Analyst 2020; 145:2510-2514. [PMID: 32083634 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed SiNX solid-state nanopores to detect the temperature effect on the hydrogen nanobubble formation. Here, we integrated a temperature controller with the highly sensitive nanopore. As the temperature decreases from 25 °C to 5 °C, the occurrence of the nanobubble nucleation inside a 12.3 nm SiNX nanopore confined space decreased from 102 s-1 to 23 s-1, and the life-time of nanobubbles increased from 1.16 ms to 4.78 ms. The results further gave the activation energy for nanobubble nucleation which was 8.1 × 10-20 J with a 12.3 nm SiNX nanopore. Our method provides an efficient analytical tool for revealing the temperature-dependent nanobubble nucleation, which further benefits the fundamental understanding of nanobubble nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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24
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Liang S, Xiang F, Tang Z, Nouri R, He X, Dong M, Guan W. Noise in nanopore sensors: Sources, models, reduction, and benchmarking. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Fragasso A, Schmid S, Dekker C. Comparing Current Noise in Biological and Solid-State Nanopores. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1338-1349. [PMID: 32049492 PMCID: PMC7045697 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores bear great potential as single-molecule tools for bioanalytical sensing and sequencing, due to their exceptional sensing capabilities, high-throughput, and low cost. The detection principle relies on detecting small differences in the ionic current as biomolecules traverse the nanopore. A major bottleneck for the further progress of this technology is the noise that is present in the ionic current recordings, because it limits the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thereby the effective time resolution of the experiment. Here, we review the main types of noise at low and high frequencies and discuss the underlying physics. Moreover, we compare biological and solid-state nanopores in terms of the SNR, the important figure of merit, by measuring translocations of a short ssDNA through a selected set of nanopores under typical experimental conditions. We find that SiNx solid-state nanopores provide the highest SNR, due to the large currents at which they can be operated and the relatively low noise at high frequencies. However, the real game-changer for many applications is a controlled slowdown of the translocation speed, which for MspA was shown to increase the SNR > 160-fold. Finally, we discuss practical approaches for lowering the noise for optimal experimental performance and further development of the nanopore technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fragasso
- Department of Bionanoscience,
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Schmid
- Department of Bionanoscience,
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience,
Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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26
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Zhu Z, Duan X, Li Q, Wu R, Wang Y, Li B. Low-Noise Nanopore Enables In-Situ and Label-Free Tracking of a Trigger-Induced DNA Molecular Machine at the Single-Molecular Level. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4481-4492. [PMID: 32069050 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores have shown special high potential in a label-free molecular assay, structure identification, and target-index at the single-molecular level, even though frustrating electrical baseline noise is still one of the major factors that limit the spatial resolution and signaling reliability of solid-state nanopores, especially in small target detection. Here we develop a significant and easy-operating noise-reduction approach via mixing organic solvents with high dielectric constants into a traditional aqueous electrolyte. The strategy is generally effective for pores made of different materials, such as the most commonly used conical glass (CGN) or SiNx. While the mechanism should be multisourced, MD simulations suggest the noise reduction may partially arise from the even ionic distribution caused by the addition of higher dielectric species. Among all solvents experimentally tested, the two with the highest dielectric constants, formamide and methylformamide, exhibit the best noise reduction effect for target detection of CGN. The power spectral density at the low-frequency limit is reduced by nearly 3 orders with the addition of 20% formamide. Our work qualifies the reliability of solid-state nanopores into much subtler scales of detection, such as dsDNAs under 100 bp. As a practical example, bare CGN is innovatively employed to perform in-situ tracking of trigger-responsive DNA machine forming oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentong Zhu
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiping Wu
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yesheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingling Li
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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27
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Siwy Z, Ensinger W, Laube B, Baldwin R. Preface. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1086:14-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Ganjizade A, Ashrafizadeh SN, Sadeghi A. Significant alteration in DNA electrophoretic translocation velocity through soft nanopores by ion partitioning. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Shlyonsky V, Gall D. The OpenPicoAmp-100k: an open-source high-performance amplifier for single channel recording in planar lipid bilayers. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1467-1480. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Midha MK, Wu M, Chiu KP. Long-read sequencing in deciphering human genetics to a greater depth. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1201-1215. [PMID: 31538236 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through four decades' development, DNA sequencing has inched into the era of single-molecule sequencing (SMS), or the third-generation sequencing (TGS), as represented by two distinct technical approaches developed independently by Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Historically, each generation of sequencing technologies was marked by innovative technological achievements and novel applications. Long reads (LRs) are considered as the most advantageous feature of SMS shared by both PacBio and ONT to distinguish SMS from next-generation sequencing (NGS, or the second-generation sequencing) and Sanger sequencing (the first-generation sequencing). Long reads overcome the limitations of NGS and drastically improves the quality of genome assembly. Besides, ONT also contributes several unique features including ultra-long reads (ULRs) with read length above 300 kb and some close to 1 million bp, direct RNA sequencing and superior portability as made possible by pocket-sized MinION sequencer. Here, we review the history of DNA sequencing technologies and associated applications, with a special focus on the advantages as well as the limitations of ULR sequencing in genome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit K Midha
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mengchu Wu
- Health GeneTech, 22F No. 99, Xin Pu 6th St., Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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