1
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Berasarte I, Bordagaray A, Garcia-Arrona R, Ostra M, Reis de Araujo W, Vidal M. Microscale titration of acetic acid using digital colorimetry and paper-based analytical devices. Talanta 2024; 276:126254. [PMID: 38759362 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A quantitative method for acid-base titrations in paper-based devices (PADs) is described to analyze acetic acid in vinegar samples. In this work, two different types of PADs were developed: a device for individual spot testing and a microfluidic device. Digital colorimetry was used as the detection method, and the images were acquired using a smartphone and a homemade box with LED lights for controlled image acquisition. Titration curves were built with just eight points, using the R channel based on the gradual color transition from red to blue of litmus, a natural indicator. The endpoint was accurately determined by second derivative calculations. Both systems were applied to fifteen vinegar samples of different types, and good concentration results were obtained in comparison to the reference method. The proposed methodology is simple, fast, environmentally friendly, and surpasses the need for calibration curve construction. Moreover, the subjective endpoint identification is eliminated, and the method was automated to provide a high throughput workflow, suitable for quality control processes and real-time measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Berasarte
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ane Bordagaray
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rosa Garcia-Arrona
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Miren Ostra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maider Vidal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
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2
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Fan W, Yang S, Kou Y, Wang X, Zhang Q, Tan H. An internal filtration effect-based "off-on" probe for fluorescent and visual sensing of formaldehyde. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:458-464. [PMID: 38165784 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01551c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) sensing in children's toys and water has great application prospects in the protection of home safety and the ecological environment. However, there has been no report heretofore addressing FA detection in children's toys. In this work, a fluorescent (FL) whitening agent (FWA), potassium dichromate, and sulfuric acid were proposed as an "off-on" probe (FPD) for FA sensing via FL and visual FL (VFL) methods. The FL emission of the FWA at 435 nm was quenched by Cr2O72- because of the internal filtration effect. The effect was interrupted after the addition of FA because Cr2O72- was reduced to Cr3+, accompanying the recovery of the FL emission of the FWA. The detection limit of FPD for FA via FL and VFL approaches was 2.03 and 85.5 μg L-1, respectively. The proposed probe was successfully utilized for FA detection in crawling mats and building blocks as well as environmental water (verified by the UV method), indicating good adaptability. The FPD-based FL method might be a potential approach for FA detection due to the merits of high selectivity, anti-interference ability, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Fan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473000, China.
| | - Shiwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473000, China.
| | - Yan Kou
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473000, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473000, China.
| | - Qiling Zhang
- Wusheng County Environmental Monitoring Station, Guang'an, Sichuan 638400, China
| | - Huijing Tan
- College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
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3
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Han Q, Zhang J, Yang L, Guan X, Zhao Z, Wang X. Self-assembled nano-particles of chitosan amphiphilic derivative for formaldehyde fluorescent detection and its application in test strips. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139606. [PMID: 37499800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive levels of formaldehyde (FA) represent serious health risks. Aiming at the detection of formaldehyde content, this paper proposes a self-assembly method of proportional nanoprobes. Spherical nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by one-step condensation reaction between rhodamine B (RhB) and chitosan (CS). After CS was modified by RhB, the linear structure changed and self-assembled under the action of "hydrophilic/hydrophobic" to form a core-shell structure with a cavity structure. The hydrophobic small molecule probe N-Butyl-4-Hydrazo-1,8-Naphacticimide (NBHN) spontaneously entered into the hydrophobic cavity to form spherical particles Chitosan-Rhodamine B@N-Butyl-4-Hydrazo-1,8-Naphacticimide (CS-RhB@NBHN) with a size of about 60 nm. The hydroxyl groups on CS enrich formaldehyde through charge interaction, and promote the reaction of formaldehyde with NBHN, so that the probe can detect formaldehyde at a lower concentration (detection limit 87 nmol·L-1). The self-assembled CS-RhB@NBHN nanoparticles significantly increased the response speed of NBHN (from 30 min to 10 min). After the reaction of NBHN with formaldehyde, the PET effect is released, the fluorescence transition from red to yellow of CS-RhB@NBHN, and the visual fluorescence response effect to formaldehyde is significantly improved. With the help of smartphone color recognition software, we converted the color of the probe solution into RGB values to realize the quantitative and visual detection of formaldehyde. In addition, CS-RhB@NBHN was used for the detection of FA in leather and air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Han
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science&Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science&Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Junli Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science&Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lingna Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science&Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science&Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Zhi Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science&Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science&Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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4
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Bokthier Rahman M, Hussain M, Probha Kabiraz M, Nordin N, Anusha Siddiqui S, Bhowmik S, Begum M. An update on formaldehyde adulteration in food: sources, detection, mechanisms, and risk assessment. Food Chem 2023; 427:136761. [PMID: 37406446 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is added illegally to food to extend its shelf life due to its antiseptic and preservation properties. Several research has been conducted to examine the consequences of adulteration with formaldehyde in food items. These findings suggest that adding formaldehyde to food is considered harmful as it accumulates in the body with long-term consumption. In this review includes study findings on food adulteration with formaldehyde and their assessment of food safety based on the analytical method applied to various geographical regions, food matrix types, and their sources in food items. Additionally, this review sought to assess the risk of formaldehyde-tainted food and the understanding of its development in food and its impacts on food safety in light of the widespread formaldehyde adulteration. Finally, the study would be useful as a manual for implementing adequate and successful risk assessment to increase food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Bokthier Rahman
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh
| | - Monayem Hussain
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Meera Probha Kabiraz
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Noordiana Nordin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany; German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing-Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany.
| | - Shuva Bhowmik
- Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohajira Begum
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh
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5
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Saiboh T, Malahom N, Prakobkij A, Seebunrueng K, Amatatongchai M, Chairam S, Sameenoi Y, Jarujamrus P. Visual detection of formalin in food samples by using a microfluidic thread-based analytical device. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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6
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Graphene oxide modified cellulose paper-based device: A novel platform for cooking oil quality evaluation. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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7
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Multi-well plate as headspaces for paper-based colorimetric detection of sulfur dioxide gas: An alternative method of sulfite titration for determination of formaldehyde. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340704. [PMID: 36628712 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the analysis of formaldehyde using a 96-well microplate as multiple headspaces for the separation of sulfur dioxide gas generated from the sulfite remaining after its reaction with the formaldehyde in the sample. The quantitation of the gas is by colorimetric detection of an indicator paper placed over the microplate. The samples are aqueous extracts of various foods that are possibly adulterated with formaldehyde. A known excess amount of sulfite is added to the extract solution aliquoted in the well. The remaining sulfite is acidified with hydrochloric acid to generate sulfur dioxide gas which diffuses through the headspace above the solution to be absorbed at the moist strip of the indicator paper placed over the mouth of the wells. Anthocyanins extracted from the butterfly pea flower is used as the pH indicator giving a color change from the increase of hydrogen ions by hydrolysis of the absorbed sulfur dioxide gas. The exposed paper strip is scanned, and the digital images of the colored region analyzed using ImageJ software. The optimized method has a linear range of 200-1000 mg L-1 formaldehyde with limit of detection ((2.57*SD of intercept)/(slope of calibration line)) of the aqueous extract of 40 mg L-1 and coefficient of determination (r2) > 0.9979. Samples of fresh produce, such as seafood, meat, and vegetables, and various processed food were analyzed for their possible formaldehyde content. The results obtained from the headspace paper-based colorimetric detection are not statistically different from the values obtained from the titration method by paired t-tests.
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8
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Tasangtong B, Henry CS, Sameenoi Y. Diameter-based inkjet-printed paper devices for formaldehyde analysis in foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Khachornsakkul K, Phuengkasem D, Palkuntod K, Sangkharoek W, Jamjumrus O, Dungchai W. A Simple Counting-Based Measurement for Paper Analytical Devices and Their Application. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2093-2101. [PMID: 35736786 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work introduces the concept of a counting-based measurement on paper analytical devices (cPADs) to improve the utilization of numerous reactions. The design of cPADs consists of two layers of paper substrates; the first layer contains a central sample zone combined with a radial surrounded by 12 detection zones that are predeposited with the various reagents, and the second layer acts as a connection channel between the sample zone and each detection zone. The solution can vertically flow from the first to the second layer and then move through the area to each subsequent detection zone. The analyte level can be evaluated by counting the number of detection zones that change color from a blank signal. Furthermore, our cPADs exhibit a capability of implementation for a broad series of reactions. Compared to the dPAD technique, some reactions that are possibly difficult to apply in such devices can be wholly enabled in our devices. The final color reaction on cPADs can apparently occur due to its identity. We applied this technique to the monitoring of carbaryl (CBR) and copper ions (Cu2+) using different reactions, including azo-coupling and complexation, respectively. Accordingly, this indicates an excellent result validated using the more traditional methods. Our cPADs can be applied for rapid screening of both CBR and Cu2+ in water samples with outstanding accuracy and precision using a naked-eye measurement by a relatively unskilled person. We offer a simple platform on PADs for rapid screening, combining high cost-effectiveness within a miniaturized platform designed for use with onsite applications, which is thus suitable for several different reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Khachornsakkul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Danai Phuengkasem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Kitiya Palkuntod
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Sangkharoek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Opor Jamjumrus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Wijitar Dungchai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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10
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Xu C, Zhou G, Cai H, Chen Y, Huang L, Cai L, Gong J, Yan Z. Modification of Microfluidic Paper-Based Devices with an Oxidant Layer for Distance Readout of Reducing Substances. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20383-20389. [PMID: 35721922 PMCID: PMC9202063 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel strategy for modification of paper cellulose with water-insoluble oxidants for distance readout of reducing substances on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). Water-insoluble oxidants were formed and modified onto paper cellulose through the redox reaction that occurred between paper cellulose and potassium permanganate deposited on the paper channel, developing a yellowish-brown color on the channel. As aqueous solutions containing reducing substances flowed along the channel, reducing substances were consumed owing to the redox reaction that occurred between oxidants and reducing substances until the reducing substances were depleted, forming a discolored zone on the yellowish-brown channel. The redox reaction between insoluble oxidants and reducing substances on the paper cellulose could be used for distance-based detection of a wide variety of reducing substances, which is similar to the classical potassium permanganate titration that employs the redox reaction that occurred between potassium permanganate and reducing substances. We believe that this method will broaden the analytical applications of distance-based detection on μPADs. This method was applied to ascorbic acid assay and captopril assay in real samples with analytical results comparing well with the labeled values, demonstrating its great potential in real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - Guoxing Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - Huihui Cai
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - Yicong Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - Longfei Cai
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - Jiaye Gong
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - Zankai Yan
- School
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
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11
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Jinadasa B, Elliott C, Jayasinghe G. A review of the presence of formaldehyde in fish and seafood. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Fappiano L, Carriera F, Iannone A, Notardonato I, Avino P. A Review on Recent Sensing Methods for Determining Formaldehyde in Agri-Food Chain: A Comparison with the Conventional Analytical Approaches. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091351. [PMID: 35564074 PMCID: PMC9102064 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde, the simplest molecule of the aldehyde group, is a gaseous compound at room temperature and pressure, is colorless, and has a strong, pungent odor. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and diethyl ether and is used in solution or polymerized form. Its maximum daily dosage established by the EPA is 0.2 μg g−1 of body weight whereas that established by the WHO is between 1.5 and 14 mg g−1: it is in category 1A of carcinogens by IARC. From an analytical point of view, formaldehyde is traditionally analyzed by HPLC with UV-Vis detection. Nowadays, the need to analyze this compound quickly and in situ is increasing. This work proposes a critical review of methods for analyzing formaldehyde in food using sensing methods. A search carried out on the Scopus database documented more than 50 papers published in the last 5 years. The increase in interest in the recognition of the presence of formaldehyde in food has occurred in recent years, above all due to an awareness of the damage it can cause to human health. This paper focuses on some new sensors by analyzing their performance and comparing them with various no-sensing methods but focusing on the determination of formaldehyde in food products. The sensors reported are of various types, but they all share a good LOD, good accuracy, and a reduced analysis time. Some of them are also biodegradable and others have a very low cost, many are portable and easy to use, therefore usable for the recognition of food adulterations on site.
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Thepchuay Y, Chairit W, Saengsane N, Porrawatkul P, Pimsen R. Simple and Green Colorimetric Method for the Detection of Formaldehyde in Vegetable Samples. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Yeerum C, Issarangkura Na Ayutthaya P, Kesonkan K, Kiwfo K, Boochathum P, Grudpan K, Vongboot M. Modified Natural Rubber as a Simple Chemical Sensor with Smartphone Detection for Formaldehyde Content in a Seafood Sample. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072159. [PMID: 35408559 PMCID: PMC9000404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new biodegradable platform-based sensor for formaldehyde assay is proposed. Natural rubber latex was modified to polylactic acid–chloroacetated natural rubber polymer blend sheets. The polymer blend sheet was grafted using a water-based system with amine monomers as a platform, with a spot exhibiting positive polarity for immobilizing with anionic dye (Acid Red 27). The sensor was exposed to formaldehyde. The color intensity of the dye on the sensor spot would decrease. Using a smartphone with image processing (via ImageJ program), the color intensity change (∆B) could be followed. A linear calibration, ∆B intensity = 0.365 [FA] + 6.988, R2 = 0.997, was obtained for 10–150 mM FA with LOD and LOQ at 3 and 10 mM, respectively (linear regression method). The precision was lower than 20% RSD. Application to real seafood samples was demonstrated. The ready-to-use sensor with the proposed method was cost-effective, was portable for on-site analysis, and demonstrated green chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonnipa Yeerum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (C.Y.); (P.I.N.A.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Piyanat Issarangkura Na Ayutthaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (C.Y.); (P.I.N.A.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Kullapon Kesonkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (C.Y.); (P.I.N.A.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Kanokwan Kiwfo
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ploenpit Boochathum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (C.Y.); (P.I.N.A.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Kate Grudpan
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-Based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T_B.BES-CMU) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Monnapat Vongboot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (C.Y.); (P.I.N.A.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (M.V.)
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15
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Naksen P, Jarujamrus P, Anutrasakda W, Promarak V, Zhang L, Shen W. Old silver mirror in qualitative analysis with new shoots in quantification: Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) as fluorescent probes for "off-on" sensing of formalin in food samples. Talanta 2022; 236:122862. [PMID: 34635244 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorometric assay for selective and sensitive determination of formalin (FA) was developed based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) coupled with silver mirror reaction. N-CDs was synthesized using the hydrothermal method with the ethylene glycol and ammonia solution as carbon and nitrogen precursors, respectively. The detection principle was based on "off-on" fluorescence switching. Specifically, the fluorescence signal of N-CDs was first turned off after incorporating the Ag+ and Tollens' reagents. Then, in the presence of FA, the Ag+ species on the N-CDs surface were reduced to Ag0 species and the fluorescence signal of N-CDs was switched back on. The fluorescence intensity due to the N-CDs signal linearly increased with the increasing FA concentrations in the range of 5-100 mg L-1, with the detection limit of 1.5 mg L-1. The proposed approach provides rapid, simple, sensitive, and selective detection of FA in various food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttaraksa Naksen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand; Nanomaterials Science, Sensors & Catalysis for Problem-Based Projects, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Purim Jarujamrus
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand; Nanomaterials Science, Sensors & Catalysis for Problem-Based Projects, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand.
| | - Wipark Anutrasakda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Payathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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16
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Alahmad W, Varanusupakul P, Varanusupakul P. Recent Developments and Applications of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for the Detection of Biological and Chemical Hazards in Foods: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:233-252. [PMID: 34304654 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1949695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, food safety has become a major concern for the sustainability of global public health. Through the production and distribution steps, food can be contaminated by either chemical hazards or pathogens, and the determination of these plays a critical role in the processes of ensuring food safety. Therefore, the development of analytical tools that can provide rapid screening of these hazards is highly necessary. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) have advanced significantly in recent years as they are rapid and low-cost analytical screening tools for testing contaminated food products. This review focuses on recent developments of µPADs for various applications in the food safety field. A description of the fabrication of selected papers is briefly discussed, and evaluation of the μPADs' performance with regard to their precision and accuracy as well as their limits of detection is critically assessed. The advantages and disadvantages of these devices are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang X, Rehman A, Kong RM, Cheng Y, Tian X, Liang M, Zhang L, Xia L, Qu F. Naphthalimide Derivative-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework for Highly Sensitive and Selective Determination of Aldehyde by Space Confinement-Induced Sensitivity Enhancement Effect. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8219-8227. [PMID: 34075758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Facile and sensitive determination of formaldehyde (FA) in indoor environments still remains challenging. Herein, a fluorescent probe, termed PHN@MOF, was synthesized by embedding the fluorescent molecule of N-propyl-4-hydrazine-naphthalimide (PHN) into a metal-organic framework (MOF) for sensitive and visual monitoring of FA. The hydrazine group of PHN acts as the specific reaction group with FA based on the condensation reaction. The host of MOF (UiO-66-NH2) offers the surrounding confinement space required for the reaction. Owing to the enrichment effect and molecular sieve selection of UiO-66-NH2 to FA, PHN@MOF, compared with free PHN, exhibits very high sensitivity and selectivity based on space confinement-induced sensitivity enhancement (SCISE). Moreover, the fluorescence of UiO-66-NH2 offers a reference signal for FA detection. Using this ratiometric fluorescent PHN@MOF probe, a colorimetric gel plate and test paper were developed and used to visually monitor FA in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Abudurexiti Rehman
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Rong-Mei Kong
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Tian
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Maosheng Liang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Lingdong Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Lian Xia
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Fengli Qu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
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Boonkaew S, Teengam P, Jampasa S, Rengpipat S, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O. Cost-effective paper-based electrochemical immunosensor using a label-free assay for sensitive detection of ferritin. Analyst 2021; 145:5019-5026. [PMID: 32520014 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin, a blood cell protein containing iron, is a crucial biomarker that is used to estimate the risk assessment of iron deficiency anemia. For point-of-care analysis, a reliable, cost-effective, selective, sensitive, and portable tool is extremely necessary. In this study, a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for detecting ferritin using a paper-based analytical device (ePAD) was created. The device pattern was custom designed onto filter paper to successfully fabricate a deliverable immunosensor. Graphene oxide was first modified onto the working electrode using an inkjet printing technique. An activation step of the electrode surface was then performed using standard 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) chemistry. Anti-ferritin antibodies were covalently immobilized onto the amine-reactive ester surface. The amount of ferritin was monitored by observing the electrochemical signal of the selected redox couple by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In the presence of ferritin, the sensor showed a considerable decrease in electrochemical response in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, there was no observable change in current response detected in the absence of ferritin. The current response provided a good correlation with ferritin concentrations in the range of 1 to 1000 ng mL-1, and the limit of detection (3SD/slope) was found to be 0.19 ng mL-1. This fabricated immunosensor offered good selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term storage stability. In addition, this proposed immunosensor was successfully applied to detect ferritin in human serum with satisfactory results. The promising results suggested that this handmade paper-based immunosensor may be an alternative device for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanat Boonkaew
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand
| | - Prinjaporn Teengam
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand
| | - Sakda Jampasa
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Pathumwan, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rengpipat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Wattana 10110, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand and Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand.
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Hoang TX, Phan LMT, Vo TAT, Cho S. Advanced Signal-Amplification Strategies for Paper-Based Analytical Devices: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050540. [PMID: 34066112 PMCID: PMC8150371 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have emerged as a promising approach to point-of-care (POC) detection applications in biomedical and clinical diagnosis owing to their advantages, including cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and rapid responses as well as for being equipment-free, disposable, and user-friendly. However, the overall sensitivity of PADs still remains weak, posing a challenge for biosensing scientists exploiting them in clinical applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the current applicable potential of PADs, focusing on total signal-amplification strategies that have been applied widely in PADs involving colorimetry, luminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, photoacoustic, photothermal, and photoelectrochemical methods as well as nucleic acid-mediated PAD modifications. The advances in signal-amplification strategies in terms of signal-enhancing principles, sensitivity, and time reactions are discussed in detail to provide an overview of these approaches to using PADs in biosensing applications. Furthermore, a comparison of these methods summarizes the potential for scientists to develop superior PADs. This review serves as a useful inside look at the current progress and prospective directions in using PADs for clinical diagnostics and provides a better source of reference for further investigations, as well as innovations, in the POC diagnostics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.X.H.); (T.A.T.V.)
| | - Le Minh Tu Phan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (L.M.T.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Thuy Anh Thu Vo
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.X.H.); (T.A.T.V.)
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.M.T.P.); (S.C.)
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Wang L, He K, Wang X, Wang Q, Quan H, Wang P, Xu X. Recent progress in visual methods for aflatoxin detection. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7849-7865. [PMID: 33955294 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1919595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) contamination in food and agricultural products poses a significant threat to human health. Sensitive and accurate detection of AFs provides a strong guarantee for ensuring food safety. Conventional chromatographic-based or mass spectrum methods, which rely on bulky instrument and skilled personnel, are not suitable for on-site surveillance. By contrast, visual detections which possess the merits of rapidity and sophisticated instrument-free present an excellent potential for the on-site detection of AFs. This review intends to summarize the latest development of visual methods for AFs detection, including paper-based tests, chromogenic reactions, and luminescent methods. Emerging technologies, like nanotechnology, DNAzymes, and aptamers combined with these visual methods are introduced. The basic principles, features, and application advantages of each type of visual methods are discussed. The biggest challenges and perspectives on their future trends are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Quan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Teprek A, Poetri Artono V, Waiyawat W, Limsakul A, Shiowatana J, Siripinyanond A. Semi-quantitative analysis by spot counting on origami paper-based device for endpoint detection in titrimetric analysis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yuan G, Ding H, Peng L, Zhou L, Lin Q. A novel fluorescent probe for ratiometric detection of formaldehyde in real food samples, living tissues and zebrafish. Food Chem 2020; 331:127221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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A green synthesis of gold–palladium core–shell nanoparticles using orange peel extract through two-step reduction method and its formaldehyde colorimetric sensing performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ready-to-use, functionalized paper test strip used with a smartphone for the simultaneous on-site detection of free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde in wastewater. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1118:63-72. [PMID: 32418605 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde in wastewater samples was performed. In this report, we designed and fabricated functionalized paper test strips featuring detection zones that use 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for the immobilization of chromogenic substrates to detect free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde. After multiple chromogenic reactions, red, blue and purple colors were obtained on the detection zones and analyzed using a smartphone. Under optimum conditions, the paper test strips showed 1.7, 1.8 and 1.7 orders of magnitude for free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde, respectively. This sensitivity is caused by the formation of homogeneous complexes on detection zones resulting from the chromogenic reagents immobilized on the detection zone via APTES. Through this strategy, free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde analysis was achieved within 5 min with detection limits of 0.08, 0.14 and 0.13 mg L-1, respectively. The developed paper test strip was able to selective detection of free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde even in the presence of common interfering agents therefore, the test strip was highly selective. In a further demonstration, the developed functionalized paper test strip was successfully used for simultaneous detection of free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde in wastewater in the field and exhibited with high precision and accuracy in detecting free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde in wastewater samples. Compared to other methods, this assay was advantageous in terms of its low detection limit, time savings, good stability and highly portable format, which facilitates rapid on-site environmental monitoring with a smartphone.
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Ding H, Yuan G, Peng L, Zhou L, Lin Q. TP-FRET-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Ratiometric Detection of Formaldehyde in Real Food Samples, Living Cells, Tissues, and Zebrafish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3670-3677. [PMID: 32077697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA, HCHO) is a highly reactive carbonyl species, which is very harmful to humans and the environment as a tissue fixative and preservative. Therefore, developing some highly sensitive, selective, and rapid detection methods is significant for human health in food safety and environmental protection. Herein, a two-photon (TP) ratiometric sensor, CmNp-CHO, has been constructed by conjugating a TP donor (Π-push-pull-structure) with a FA off-on acceptor (functioned with hydrazide moiety) via a nonconjugated linker through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. Such a scaffold affords CmNp-CHO a reliable and specific probe for detecting FA with two well-resolved emission peaks separated by 124 nm. Also, it responds to FA rapidly with high selectivity and sensitivity during 1.0 min and a large ratio enhancement at I550/I426 with addition of 0-20μM FA, exhibiting ∼4-fold ratio increase and a fairly low LOD of 8.3 ± 0.3 nM. Moreover, CmNp-CHO has been successfully employed for detecting FA in live cells, onion tissues, and zebrafish, exhibiting that CmNp-CHO can serve as a useful tool for investigating FA in real food application and offering strong theoretical support and technical means for investigation of physiological and pathological functions of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ding
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Gangqiang Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Longpeng Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Liyi Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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