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Wang Y, Zhu J, Du X, Li Y. Simultaneous Extraction and Determination of Lignans from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. via Diol-Based Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2023; 28:6448. [PMID: 37764224 PMCID: PMC10535609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) is principally attributed to lignan compounds. In this paper, a simple and rapid strategy for simultaneous extraction and determination of 10 lignans from S. chinensis was established through matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) assisted by diol-functionalized silica (Diol). The experimental parameters for MSPD extraction were screened using the response surface methodology (RSM). Diol (800 mg) was used as a dispersant and methanol (MeOH, 85%, v/v) as an eluting solvent (10 mL), resulting in a high extraction efficiency. MSPD extraction facilitated the combination of extraction and purification in a single step, which was less time-consuming than and avoided the thermal treatment involved in traditional methods. The simultaneous qualification and quantification of 10 lignans was achieved by combining MSPD and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The proposed method offered good linearity and a low limit of detection starting from 0.04 (schisandrin C) to 0.43 μg/mL (schisantherin B) for lignans, and the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) values of precision were acceptable, with a maximum value of 1.15% (schisantherin B and schisanhenol). The methodology was successfully utilized to analyze 13 batches of S. chinensis from different cultivated areas of China, which proved its accuracy and practicability in the quantitative analysis of the quality control of S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xinxin Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Xu S, Wang J, Deng D, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhang Z. A pretreatment method combined matrix solid-phase dispersion with dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in vegetables through quantitation of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RSC Adv 2023; 13:15772-15782. [PMID: 37250217 PMCID: PMC10209630 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00320e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a novel pretreatment method for extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and depth purification using dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) from vegetables was designed. The vegetables included three leafy vegetables (Brassica chinensis, Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel and Brassica rapa L.), two root vegetables (Daucus carota and Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), and Solanum melongena L. First, the freeze-dried powders of vegetables and sorbents were evenly ground to a mixture, which was then loaded into a solid phase column containing two molecular sieve spacers, one positioned at the top and the other at the bottom. The PBDEs were eluted with a small amount of solvent, concentrated, redissolved in acetonitrile, and then mixed with extractant. Next, 5 mL water was added to form an emulsion and centrifuged. Finally, the sedimentary phase was collected and injected into a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. The main factors such as the type of adsorbent, ratio of sample mass and adsorbents, volume of elution solvent used in the MSPD process, as well as the types and volume of dispersant and the, extractant used in DLLME were all evaluated using the single factor method. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999) within the range of 1 to 1000 g kg-1 for all PBDEs and satisfactory recoveries of spiked samples (82.9-113.8%, except for BDE-183 (58.5-82.5%)) and matrix effects (-3.3-18.2%). The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were in the range of 1.9-75.1 g kg-1 and 5.7-25.3 g kg-1, respectively. Moreover, the total pretreatment and detection time was within 30 min. This method proved to be a promising alternative to other high-cost and time-consuming and multi-stage procedures for determination of PBDEs in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology No. 99, Xuefu Road Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology No. 99, Xuefu Road Suzhou 215009 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Dengxian Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology No. 99, Xuefu Road Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Yueying Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology No. 99, Xuefu Road Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology No. 99, Xuefu Road Suzhou 215009 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Zhanen Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology No. 99, Xuefu Road Suzhou 215009 China
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Yang F, Jiang L, Mao H, Zou And Y, Chu C. Establishment of Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction for the Determination of Four Flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix Based on the Concept of Quality by Design. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1681-1689. [PMID: 33774674 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sample preparation is the most crucial step in analytical schemes. Micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion, as a method for microextraction of analytes, has prevailed recently for its low sample and extraction solvent consumption. However, small amounts of adsorbent or sample, or a short extraction time, always bring uncertainty to the result when using this method. OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop a simple and reliable method of deep-eutectic-solvent-assisted ultrasonic-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction for the analysis of four flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix based on the concept of quality by design. METHOD The ZSM-5 molecular sieve was used as a new adsorbent in the micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion process. Single-factor and Box-Behnken designs were used to construct the design space. RESULTS Verification of the experiment demonstrated that the design space is robust. Under optimal conditions, all analytes showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999), high reproducibility (RSD < 2.24%) and stability (RSD < 2.87%), and satisfactory recoveries (95.90-102.31%), which indicated that the established method is reliable and reproducible. Moreover, it has been successfully applied to determine the flavonoids in nine batches of Scutellariae Radix. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a great potential for analyzing complicated samples especially with small amount and helping to promote the quality control of the sample preparation process for traditional Chinese medicines. HIGHLIGHTS A systematic approach using a facile deep-eutectic-solvent-assisted ultrasonic-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with HPLC for the analysis of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix has been developed based on the concept of quality by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Zou And
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Shang Y, Liang C, Liu T, Du K, Guo J, Li J, Chang YX. Binary Eluent Based Vortex-Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion for the Extraction and Determination of Multicomponent from Musk by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:9913055. [PMID: 34422434 PMCID: PMC8378966 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9913055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A green, flexible, and effective strategy was proposed to quantify four target compounds (muscone, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, and ethylparaben) from musk by binary eluent based vortex-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction coupled with GC/MS. Single-factor tests and orthogonal design were employed to optimize the MSPD parameters. In addition, the binary eluent system, methanol, and ethyl acetate 3 : 7 (v/v) were used to extract the target analytes. Finally, C 18 was applied as the easily available dispersant and the sample powder was ground for 2 min. Thereafter, the mixture was rapidly extracted with the binary eluents under whirling for 3 min. Eventually, the analysis of the samples was completed within 12 min by GC/MS. All correlation coefficients (r) of four targets were more than 0.9991. The recoveries of all target compounds ranged from 92.8% to 101% while their RSDs were less than 6.94%. There was no significant matrix interference for the analysis. Thus, the combination of vortex-assisted MSPD with GC/MS was considered as a novel, rapid, and environmentally friendly quantitative approach for musk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kunze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiading Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Ran J, Zhang L, Yao J, Wang S, Liang P, Dong N. Cucurbit[7]uril as a matrix solid-phase dispersion for the extraction of quaternary ammonium pesticides from vegetables and their determination using HPLC-UV. Food Chem 2021; 350:129236. [PMID: 33610850 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) was first used as a dispersant sorbent material in a matrix solid-phase dispersion for the simultaneous extraction of four quaternary ammonium pesticides from vegetables before analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Q[7] exhibited a better selectivity and adsorption capability for these compounds, which is due to its ability to bind selectively organic molecules into its hydrophobic cavity and to form stable host-guest inclusion complexes. Various parameters affecting the extraction were investigated and optimized, such as sorbent/sample mass ratio, grinding time, rinsing and eluting conditions. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 1-100 μg·kg-1, satisfactory recoveries for eight types of vegetable samples (>70%), and high repeatability (RSD < 9.0%). The limits of quantification were between 0.43 μg·kg-1 and 0.99 μg·kg-1, which is nearly 50 times lower than the maximum residue limits established by the European Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ran
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lingxue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianmei Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Nan Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Chen Y, Zhen XT, Yu YL, Shi MZ, Cao J, Zheng H, Ye LH. Cucurbituril and zwitterionic surfactant-based matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction to simultaneously determine terpenoids from Radix Curcumae. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1361-1370. [PMID: 33432733 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, efficient, and environmentally friendly matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction was established to determine and quantify terpenoids in Radix Curcumae using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. Various parameters affecting the extraction were investigated in detail, such as the grinding time, amount of adsorbent, type and concentration of elution solvent, and pH. The optimization of single-factor and response surface methodology was performed to confirm the best conditions in this procedure. The final optimized conditions were obtained by applying 70 mg of cucurbituril as adsorbent, 149 s as the optimum grinding time, and 228 mM of 3-(N,N-dimethylpalmitylammonio)propanesulfonate aqueous solution (pH 6.5) as the optimal elution solvent. The validated method showed a satisfactory linear range of 0.10-10 µg/mL for curdione and furanodiene, 0.01-10 µg/mL for isocurcumenol and germacrone, and 0.05-10 µg/mL for furanodienone, while the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9945 to 0.9970. The recoveries of the investigated analytes at two spiked concentration levels (0.1 and 1.0 µg/mL) ranged from 96.53 to 104.60%. In addition, this method displayed acceptable reproducibility (relative standard deviation ≤ 3.66%). The results showed that the newly proposed matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction method was successfully applied to analyze curdione, isocurcumenol, furanodienone, germacrone and furanodiene in Radix Curcumae samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Yu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min-Zhen Shi
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Mansur AR, Kim KJ, Kim DB, Yoo M, Jang HW, Kim DO, Nam TG. Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method for HPLC determination of flavonoids from buckwheat sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Chen H, Zhou H, Tao R, Li W, Wang CZ. Simultaneous quantification of six flavonoids of Rhus verniciflua Stokes using matrix solid-phase dispersion via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4281-4288. [PMID: 32991034 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient matrix solid-phase dispersion via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was developed to analyze the following flavonoids of Rhus verniciflua Stokes: fisetin, fustin, butein, sulfuretin, garbanzol, and quercetin. The optimum conditions for the procedure was the use of Zeolite Socony Mobil-twenty-two molecular sieves as the adsorbent, sample:adsorbent ratio of 2:5, grinding for 3 min, and use of 8 mL of 70% methanol:water as the elution solvent. The method was validated for linearity, precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The method exhibited excellent linearity for all six flavonoids. The intra- and interday precisions over a range of concentrations were below 3.0% and limits of quantification for the six flavonoids were 0.16 and 0.50 μg/mL. Compared with other published methods, the proposed method was more effective, rapid, and required less reagents. Therefore, the combination of matrix solid-phase dispersion and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector showed excellent reproducibility and simplicity and could be suitable for the extraction and quantification of multiple flavonoids in R. verniciflua Stokes samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongXia Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - WenJun Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing, P.R. China
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Śmiełowska M, Zabiegała B. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in dust from various indoor environments in Gdańsk, Poland: Prediction of concentrations in indoor air and assessment of exposure of adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139437. [PMID: 32450403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Śmiełowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bożena Zabiegała
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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