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Wang CF, Li L. Instrument-type effects on chemical isotope labeling LC-MS metabolome analysis: Quadrupole time-of-flight MS vs. Orbitrap MS. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1226:340255. [PMID: 36068057 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical isotope labeling (CIL) LC-MS is a powerful tool for metabolome analysis with markedly improved metabolomic coverage and quantification accuracy over the conventional LC-MS technique. In addition, with differential isotope labeling, each labeled metabolite is detected as a peak pair in the mass spectra, offering the possibility of differentiating true metabolite peaks from the singlet noise or background peaks. In this study, we examined the effects of instrument type on the detectability of true metabolites with a focus on the comparison of quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and Orbitrap mass spectrometers. Using the same ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography setup and optimized running conditions for QTOF and Orbitrap, we compared the total number of peak pairs detected and identified from the two instruments using human urine and serum as the test samples. Many common peak pairs were detected from the two instruments; however, there were a significant number of unique peak pairs detected in each type of instrument. By combining the datasets obtained using QTOF and Orbitrap, the total number of peak pairs detected could be significantly increased. We also examined the effect of mass resolving power on peak pair detection in Orbitrap (60,000 vs. 120,000 resolution). The observed differences in peak pair detectability were much less than those of QTOF vs. Orbitrap. However, the type of peak pairs detected using different resolutions could be somewhat different, offering the possibility of increasing the overall number of peak pairs by combining the two datasets obtained at two different resolutions. The results from this study clearly indicate that instrument type can have a profound effect on metabolite detection in CIL LC-MS. Therefore, comparison of metabolome data generated using different instruments needs to be carefully done. Moreover, future research (e.g., hardware modifications) is warranted to minimize the differences in order to generate more reproducible metabolome data from different types of instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Li Q, Liu J, Zhang L, Shi Y, Li G. Click Isotope Mass Probe for Highly Selective Determination of Trace Steroid Hormones in Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5748-5755. [PMID: 35499160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Matrix effects are a great challenge for the quantitative analysis of complex food samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS). Stable isotope labeling (SIL) has been widely used as an effective strategy to eliminate matrix effects. Herein, a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click-reaction-based SIL method was proposed for a highly sensitive and selective determination of six synthetic steroid hormones in three different food samples (milk, yogurt, and eggs) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS/MS. A pair of novel SIL agents, N-(2-azidyl ethyl) aniline (d0-AEA) and d5-N-(2-azidyl ethyl) aniline (d5-AEA) were synthesized to label steroid hormones in the samples and standard solution, respectively. The reaction accomplishes in 30 min at 60 °C. The heavy labeled standards were used as internal standards (ISs), which experience the identical ionization processes with light labeled samples to minimize matrix effects. After derivatization, the ionization efficiencies of steroid hormones were greatly improved by 2-54-folds, and the matrix effects ranged from 88.6 to 99.8%. The established method achieved satisfactory detection limits (0.1-2.5 μg L-1) and high recoveries (85-102%). These results demonstrated that the proposed method holds unique advantages for trace steroid hormones analysis in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yiheng Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Zhang R, Han Y, McClements DJ, Xu D, Chen S. Production, Characterization, Delivery, and Cholesterol-Lowering Mechanism of Phytosterols: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2483-2494. [PMID: 35170307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural plant-based bioactive compounds that can lower blood cholesterol levels and help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, they are being utilized in functional foods, supplements, and pharmaceutical products designed to improve human health. This paper summarizes different approaches to isolate, purify, and characterize phytosterols. It also discusses the hypolipidemic mechanisms of phytosterols and their impact on cholesterol transportation. Phytosterols have a low water-solubility, poor chemical stability, and limited bioavailability, which limits their utilization and efficacy in functional foods. Strategies are therefore being developed to overcome these shortcomings. Colloidal delivery systems, such as emulsions, oleogels, liposomes, and nanoparticles, have been shown to be effective at improving the water-dispersibility, stability, and bioavailability of phytosterols. These delivery systems can be used to incorporate phytosterols into a broader range of cholesterol-lowering functional foods and beverages. We also discuses several issues that need to be addressed before these phytosterol delivery systems can find widespread commercial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Katsouli M, Tzia C. O1/W/O2 nanoemulsions and emulsions based on extra virgin olive oil produced by ultrasound-assisted homogenization process: Characterization of structure, physical and encapsulation efficiency. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2035235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Katsouli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Constantina Tzia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
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Han C, Zhou H, Wu W, Chen X, Li H, Li Y, Feng D. Development and Validation of a Method to Simultaneously Determine Multiple Sterols in Diversiform Food Substrates with UPLC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen D, Zhao S, Han W, Lo E, Su X, Li L, Li L. High tolerance to instrument drifts by differential chemical isotope labeling LC-MS: A case study of the effect of LC leak in long-term sample runs on quantitative metabolome analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 56:e4589. [PMID: 32639693 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics study of a biological system often involves the analysis of many comparative samples over a period of several days or weeks. This process of long-term sample runs can encounter unexpected instrument drifts such as small leaks in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), degradation of column performance, and MS signal intensity change. A robust analytical method should ideally tolerate these instrumental drifts as much as possible. In this work, we report a case study to demonstrate the high tolerance of differential chemical isotope labeling (CIL) LC-MS method for quantitative metabolome analysis. In a study of using a rat model to examine the metabolome changes during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease development and treatment, over 468 samples were analyzed over a period of 15 days in three batches. During the sample runs, a small leak in LC was discovered after a batch of analyses was completed. Reanalysis of these samples was not an option as sample amounts were limited. To overcome the problem caused by the small leak, we applied a method of retention time correction to the LC-MS data to align peak pairs from different runs with different degrees of leak, followed by peak ratio calculation and analysis. Herein, we illustrate that using 12 C-/13 C-peak pair intensity values in CIL LC-MS as a measurement of concentration changes in different samples could tolerate the signal drifts, while using the absolute intensity values (ie, 12 C-peak as in conventional LC-MS) was not as reliable. We hope that the case study illustrated and the method of overcoming the small-leak-caused signal drifts can be helpful to others who may encounter this kind of situation in long-term sample runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elvis Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaoling Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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