1
|
Alluhayb AH, Severance C, Hendry-Hofer T, Bebarta VS, Logue BA. Can the cyanide metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, be used for forensic verification of cyanide poisoning? Forensic Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s11419-024-00690-4. [PMID: 38739353 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-024-00690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Forensic verification of cyanide (CN) poisoning by direct CN analysis in postmortem blood is challenging due to instability of CN in biological samples. CN metabolites, thiocyanate (SCN-) and 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), have been proposed as more stable biomarkers, yet it is unclear if either is appropriate for this purpose. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of CN biomarkers in postmortem swine and postmortem blood to determine which serves as the best biomarker of CN exposure. METHODS CN, SCN-, and ATCA were measured in postmortem swine (N = 8) stored at 4 °C and postmortem blood stored at 25 °C (room temperature, RT) and 37 °C (typical human body temperature, HBT). RESULTS Following CN poisoning, the concentration of each CN biomarker increased well above the baseline. In postmortem swine, CN concentrations declined rapidly (t1/2 = 34.3 h) versus SCN- (t1/2 = 359 h, 15 days) and ATCA (t1/2 = 544 h, 23 days). CN instability in postmortem blood increased at RT (t1/2 = 10.7 h) and HBT (t1/2 = 6.6 h). SCN- and ATCA were more stable than CN at all storage conditions. In postmortem swine, the t1/2s of SCN- and ATCA were 15 and 23 days, respectively. While both the t1/2s of SCN- and ATCA were relatively lengthy, endogenous levels of SCN- were much more variable than ATCA. CONCLUSION While there are still questions to be answered, ATCA was the most adept forensic marker of CN poisoning (i.e., ATCA produced the longest half-life, the largest increase above baseline levels, and most stable background concentrations).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Alluhayb
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Avera Health and Science Center, South Dakota State University, 1055 Campanile Ave, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Box 1162, Buraidah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carter Severance
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tara Hendry-Hofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brian A Logue
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Avera Health and Science Center, South Dakota State University, 1055 Campanile Ave, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alluhayb AH, Severance C, Hendry-Hofer T, Bebarta VS, Logue BA. Concurrent determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in human and swine antemortem and postmortem blood by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6595-6609. [PMID: 37712953 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide (in the form of cyanide anion (CN-) or hydrogen cyanide (HCN), inclusively represented as CN) can be a rapidly acting and deadly poison, but it is also a common chemical component of a variety of natural and anthropogenic substances. The main mechanism of acute CN toxicity is based on blocking terminal electron transfer by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in cellular hypoxia, cytotoxic anoxia, and potential death. Due to the well-established link between blood CN concentrations and the manifestation of symptoms, the determination of blood concentration of CN, along with the major metabolite, thiocyanate (SCN-), is critical. Because currently there is no method of analysis available for the simultaneous detection of CN and SCN- from blood, a sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of CN and SCN- from human ante- and postmortem blood via liquid chromatography-tandem MS analysis was developed. For this method, sample preparation for CN involved active microdiffusion with subsequent chemical modification using naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and taurine (i.e., the capture solution). Preparation for SCN- was accomplished via protein precipitation and monobromobimane (MBB) modification. The method produced good sensitivity for CN with antemortem limit of detection (LODs) of 219 nM and 605 nM for CN and SCN-, respectively, and postmortem LODs of 352 nM and 509 nM. The dynamic ranges of the method were 5-500 µM and 10-500 µM in ante- and postmortem blood, respectively. In addition, the method produced good accuracy (100 ± 15%) and precision (≤ 15.2% relative standard deviation). The method was able to detect elevated levels of CN and SCN- in both antemortem (N = 5) and postmortem (N = 4) blood samples from CN-exposed swine compared to nonexposed swine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Alluhayb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, 1055 Campanile Avenue, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Carter Severance
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tara Hendry-Hofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Center for COMBAT Research, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian A Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, 1055 Campanile Avenue, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tigreros A, Bedoya-Malagón C, Valencia A, Núñez-Portela M, Portilla J. Photophysical and anion sensing properties of a triphenylamine-dioxaborinine trimeric compound. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1757-1764. [PMID: 36712638 PMCID: PMC9828043 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of the novel tris(4-(2,2-difluoro-6-methyl-2H-1λ3,3,2λ4-dioxaborinin-4-yl)phenyl)amine trimeric probe (A2) via the reaction between triphenylamine (1), acetic anhydride, and BF3·OEt2 implying the twelve new bond formation in a one-pot manner. This highly fluorescent compound in solution (φ up to 0.91 at 572 nm) and solid state (φ = 0.24 at 571 nm) showed a better solvatofluorochromism than its analog monomeric A1 due to symmetry-broken charge transfer, which is consistent with high solvent dipolarity (SdP) response in Catalán's multiparametric regression. Notably, A2 had a high sensibility and selectivity for CN- or F- in solution (LODCN-/F- = 0.18/0.70 μM), and CN- can be discriminated from F- by the reaction of A2 with 3.0 equiv. of CN-. In addition, A2 was impregnated on filter paper to prepare test strips that were applied to naked-eye qualitative sensing of CN- or F-. Finally, the octupolar system in A2 allows for better action of two-photon excitation cross-section values when compared with that of the dipolar structure in A1. These findings provide further information for the design of new efficient two-photon absorption dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10Bogotá 111711Colombia
| | - Camilo Bedoya-Malagón
- Quantum Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10BogotáColombia
| | - Alejandra Valencia
- Quantum Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10BogotáColombia
| | - Mayerlin Núñez-Portela
- Quantum Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10BogotáColombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Los AndesCarrera 1 No. 18A-10Bogotá 111711Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie S, Wang H, Li N, Liu Y, Wu J, Xu Y, Xie J. A gold coating nanoporous anodized alumina oxide membrane as the substrate for rapid surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of conjugated cyanide in fingertip blood. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Kaya S. Rapid and Highly Selective BODIPY Based Turn‐Off Colorimetric Cyanide Sensor**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serdal Kaya
- BITAM-Science and Technology Research and Application Centre Necmettin Erbakan University 42090 Konya Turkey
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering Faculty of Aviation and Space Sciences Necmettin Erbakan University 42090 Konya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gyamfi OA, Bortey-Sam N, Donkor AB, White CW, Logue BA. Analysis of TRPA1 antagonist, A-967079, in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:157-163. [PMID: 32373387 PMCID: PMC7192962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The noxious effects from exposure to toxic inhalation hazards (TIHs, such as isocyanates, chlorine, etc.) are known to be triggered by the activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel. Antagonists of TRPA1 have shown near complete attenuation of the noxious effects from TIH exposure. One of the TRPA1 antagonists, (1E,3E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1-pentene-3-one oxime (A-967079), has shown impressive efficacy, high selectivity, high potency, and oral bioavailability. Although a validated method to quantify A-967079 in biological matrices is vital for the further development of A-967079 as a therapeutic agent, no method for its analysis from any matrix is currently available. Hence, a rapid and simple HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify A-967079 in rabbit plasma. The method presented here features an excellent LOD of 25 nM and a wide linear range (0.05-200 μM), with good accuracy and precision (100 ± 10.5% and <14.2% relative standard deviation, respectively). The stability of A-967079 in plasma was excellent for most of the storage conditions evaluated. The method was successfully applied to determine A-967079 from treated animals and it may facilitate the development of this TRPA1 antagonist as a therapeutic agent against the noxious effects of TIH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obed A. Gyamfi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Abigail B. Donkor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Carl W. White
- Pediatrics-Pulmonary Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brian A. Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| |
Collapse
|