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Warmt C, Nagaba J, Henkel J. Comparison of pre-labelled primers and nucleotides as DNA labelling method for lateral flow detection of Legionella pneumophila amplicons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5018. [PMID: 38424185 PMCID: PMC10904838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Labelling of nucleic acid amplicons during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or isothermal techniques is possible by using both labelled primers and labelled nucleotides. While the former is the widely used method, the latter can offer significant advantages in terms of signal enhancement and improving the detection limit of an assay. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods depend on different factors, including amplification method, detection method and amplicon length. In this study, both methods for labelling PCR products for lateral flow assay (LFA) analysis (LFA-PCR) were analysed and compared. It was shown that labelling by means of nucleotides results in an increase in label incorporation rates. Nonetheless, this advantage is negated by the need for post-processing and competitive interactions. In the end, it was possible to achieve a detection limit of 3 cell equivalents for the detection of the Legionella-DNA used here via primer labelling. Labelling via nucleotides required genomic DNA of at least 3000 cell equivalents as starting material as well as an increased personnel and experimental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Warmt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology - Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Jette Nagaba
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology - Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jörg Henkel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology - Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Liu X, Kukkar D, Deng Z, Yang D, Wang J, Kim KH, Zhang D. "Lock-and-key" recognizer-encoded lateral flow assays toward foodborne pathogen detection: An overview of their fundamentals and recent advances. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 235:115317. [PMID: 37236010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In light of severe health risks of foodborne pathogenic bacterial diseases, the potential utility of point-of-care (POC) sensors is recognized for pathogens detection. In this regard, lateral flow assay (LFA) is a promising and user-friendly option for such application among various technological approaches. This article presents a comprehensive review of "lock-and-key" recognizer-encoded LFAs with respect to their working principles and detection performance against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, we describe various strategies for bacteria recognition including the antibody-based antigen-antibody interactions, nucleic acid aptamer-based recognition, and phage-mediated targeting of bacterial cells. In addition, we also outline the technological challenges along with the prospects for the future development of LFA in food analysis. The LFA devices built based upon many recognition strategies are found to have great potential for rapid, convenient, and effective POC detection of pathogens in complex food matrixes. Future developments in this field should emphasize the development of high-quality bio-probes, multiplex sensors, and intelligent portable readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 147013, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 147013, Punjab, India
| | - Ziai Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Advanced Molecular-Genetic Methods and Prospects for Their Application for the Indication and Identification of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Strains. PROBLEMS OF PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS INFECTIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2022-4-29-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The review provides an analysis of the literature data on the use of various modern molecular-genetic methods for the indication and identification of Yersinia pestis strains with different properties and degree of virulence, which is caused by the diverse natural conditions in which they circulate. The methods are also considered from the perspective of their promising application at three levels (territorial, regional and federal) of the system for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases at the premises of Rospotrebnadzor organizations to solve the problem of maintaining the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the country’s population. The main groups of methods considered are as follows: based on the analysis of the lengths of restriction fragments (ribo- and IS-typing, pulse gel electrophoresis); based on the analysis of specific fragments (DFR typing, VNTR typing); based on sequencing (MLST, CRISPR analysis, SNP analysis); PCR methods (including IPCR, SPA); isothermal amplification methods (LAMP, HDA, RPA, SEA, PCA, SHERLOCK); DNA-microarray; methods using aptamer technology; bio- and nano-sensors; DNA origami; methods based on neural networks. We can conclude that the rapid development of molecular diagnostics and genetics is aimed at increasing efficiency, multi-factorial approaches and simplifying the application of techniques with no need for expensive equipment and highly qualified personnel for analysis. At all levels of the system for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases at the Rospotrebnadzor organizations, it is possible to use methods based on PCR, isothermal amplification, SHERLOCK, biosensors, and small-sized sequencing devices. At the territorial level, at plague control stations, the use of immuno-PCR and SPA for the indication of Y. pestis is viable. At the regional level, introduction of the technologies based on the use of aptamers and DNA chips looks promising. For the federal level, the use of DNA origami methods and new technologies of whole genome sequencing is a prospect within the framework of advanced identification, molecular typing and sequencing of the genomes of plague agent strains.
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Jauset-Rubio M, Ortiz M, O’Sullivan CK. Exploiting the Nucleic Acid Nature of Aptamers for Signal Amplification. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:972. [PMID: 36354481 PMCID: PMC9688535 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer-based assays and sensors are garnering increasing interest as alternatives to antibodies, particularly due to their increased flexibility for implementation in alternative assay formats, as they can be employed in assays designed for nucleic acids, such as molecular aptamer beacons or aptamer detection combined with amplification. In this work, we took advantage of the inherent nucleic acid nature of aptamers to enhance sensitivity in a rapid and facile assay format. An aptamer selected against the anaphylactic allergen β-conglutin was used to demonstrate the proof of concept. The aptamer was generated by using biotinylated dUTPs, and the affinity of the modified aptamer as compared to the unmodified aptamer was determined by using surface plasmon resonance to calculate the dissociation constant (KD), and no significant improvement in affinity due to the incorporation of the hydrophobic biotin was observed. The modified aptamer was then applied in a colorimetric competitive enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay, where β-conglutin was immobilized on the wells of a microtiter plate, competing with β-conglutin free in solution for the binding to the aptamer. The limit of detection achieved was 68 pM, demonstrating an improvement in detection limit of three orders of magnitude as compared with the aptamer simply modified with a terminal biotin label. The concept was then exploited by using electrochemical detection and screen-printed electrodes where detection limits of 326 fM and 7.89 fM were obtained with carbon and gold electrodes, respectively. The assay format is generic in nature and can be applied to all aptamers, facilitating an easy and cost-effective means to achieve lower detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Jauset-Rubio
- Interfibio Consolidated Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mayreli Ortiz
- Interfibio Consolidated Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ciara K. O’Sullivan
- Interfibio Consolidated Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a promising and emerging technology for rapidly amplifying target nucleic acid from minimally processed samples and through small portable instruments. RPA is suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) and on-site field testing, and it is compatible with microfluidic devices. Several detection assays have been developed, but limited research has dug deeper into the chemistry of RPA to understand its kinetics and fix its shortcomings. AREAS COVERED This review provides a detailed introduction of RPA molecular mechanism, kits formats, optimization, application, pros, and cons. Moreover, this critical review discusses the nonspecificity issue of RPA, highlights its consequences, and emphasizes the need for more research to resolve it. This review discusses the reaction kinetics of RPA in relation to target length, product quantity, and sensitivity. This critical review also questions the novelty of recombinase-aided amplification (RAA). In short, this review discusses many aspects of RPA technology that have not been discussed previously and provides a deeper insight and new perspectives of the technology. EXPERT OPINION RPA is an excellent choice for pathogen detection, especially in low-resource settings. It has a potential to replace PCR for all purposes, provided its shortcomings are fixed and its reagent accessibility is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmad Munawar
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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6
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Kim S, Han J, Park JS, Kim JH, Lee ES, Cha BS, Park KS. DNA barcode-based detection of exosomal microRNAs using nucleic acid lateral flow assays for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Talanta 2022; 242:123306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sohrabi H, Majidi MR, Fakhraei M, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Hejazi M, Oroojalian F, Baradaran B, Tohidast M, Guardia MDL, Mokhtarzadeh A. Lateral flow assays (LFA) for detection of pathogenic bacteria: A small point-of-care platform for diagnosis of human infectious diseases. Talanta 2022; 243:123330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Jauset-Rubio M, Ortiz M, O'Sullivan CK. Solid-Phase Primer Elongation Using Biotinylated dNTPs for the Detection of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism from a Fingerprick Blood Sample. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14578-14585. [PMID: 34704755 PMCID: PMC8581964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification-based solid-phase primer extension is used for the optical detection of a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a fingerprick blood sample. The assay exploits four thiolated primers which have the same sequences with the exception of the 3'-terminal base. Target DNA containing the SNP site hybridizes to all four of the immobilized probes, with primer extension only taking place from the primer containing the terminal base that is complementary to the SNP under interrogation. Biotinylated deoxynucleotide triphosphates are used in the primer extension, allowing postextension addition of streptavidin-poly-horseradish peroxidase to bind to the incorporated biotinylated dNTPs. The signal generated following substrate addition can then be measured optically. The percentage of biotinylated dNTPs and the duration of primer extension is optimized and the system applied to the identification of a SNP in a fingerprick blood sample. A methodology of thermal lysis using a 1 in 5 dilution of the fingerprick blood sample prior to application of 95 °C for 30 s is used to extract genomic DNA, which is directly used as a template for solid-phase primer extension on microtiter plates, followed by optical detection. The SNP in the fingerprick sample was identified and its identity corroborated using ion torrent next generation sequencing. Ongoing work is focused on extension to the multiplexed detection of SNPs in fingerprick and other biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Jauset-Rubio
- INTERFIBIO Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mayreli Ortiz
- INTERFIBIO Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ciara K O'Sullivan
- INTERFIBIO Research Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Butterworth A, Pratibha P, Marx A, Corrigan DK. Electrochemical Detection of Oxacillin Resistance using Direct-Labeling Solid-Phase Isothermal Amplification. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3773-3780. [PMID: 34595928 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isothermal amplification reactions represent an important and exciting approach to achieve widespread, low cost, and easily implemented molecular diagnostics. This work presents a modified recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) reaction, which can be directly coupled to a simple electrochemical measurement to ultimately allow development of a nucleic acid-based assay for antibiotic resistance genes. It is shown that use of reagents from a standard RPA reaction kit allows incorporation of horse radish peroxidase-labeled thymine nucleotides into amplified DNA strands, which can be detected via an amperometric signal readout for detection of important gene sequences. The assay is exemplified through detection of fragments of the oxacillin resistance gene in Escherichia coli cells bearing a drug resistance plasmid, achieving a potential limit of detection of 319 cfus/mL and an unoptimized time to result of 60 min. This work serves as a suitable demonstration of the potential for a system to deliver detection of key drug resistance genes at clinically relevant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Butterworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G1 1XQ, U.K
| | - Pratibha Pratibha
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Damion K. Corrigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Centre, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G1 1XQ, U.K
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10
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Singh R, Pal V, Kumar M, Tripathi NK, Goel AK. Development of a PCR-lateral flow assay for rapid detection of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105958. [PMID: 34004173 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plague is a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, rod shaped coccobacillus, which is primarily found in rodents and can be transmitted to humans through flea bite. The disease has three major clinical forms bubonic (by flea bite), pneumonic (by respiratory droplets) and septicemic plague. Y. pestis is classified as a category 'A' agent by NIAID, USA due to its high mortality and easy person to person dissemination. The conventional diagnostic methods available for Y. pestis show cross-reactivity with other enteropathogenic bacteria making its detection difficult. There is a need to develop sensitive and specific molecular assay for accurate detection of Y. pestis. PCR is well suited molecular biology tool for rapid diagnosis of plague but after completion of thermal cycling steps, it requires additional time to analyze amplified product using agarose gel electrophoresis. In the present study, PCR assay coupled with lateral flow strips has been developed for rapid detection of Y. pestis. Lateral flow strips give an alternative to gel electrophoresis and permit easy and rapid detection of PCR products. The PCR was performed with 5' 6-FAM and biotin tagged primers specific for Y. pestis, targeting yihN gene located on chromosome. The PCR product was analyzed using lateral flow strips which yielded result within 2-3 minutes. The analytical sensitivity of PCR-lateral flow (PCR-LF) assay was 1 pg genomic DNA of Y. pestis and 500 copies of target DNA sequence harboured in a recombinant plasmid. The assay could detect Y. pestis DNA extracted from spiked human blood samples containing ≥104 CFU per mL of bacteria. The assay was found to be specific and did not cross react with other closely related bacterial species. The developed assay was highly specific, sensitive and also did not require agarose gel electrophoresis for post amplification analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Singh
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Vijai Pal
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - N K Tripathi
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - A K Goel
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
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11
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Zheng C, Wang K, Zheng W, Cheng Y, Li T, Cao B, Jin Q, Cui D. Rapid developments in lateral flow immunoassay for nucleic acid detection. Analyst 2021; 146:1514-1528. [PMID: 33595550 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, lateral flow assay (LFA) for nucleic acid detection has drawn increasing attention in the point-of-care testing fields. Due to its rapidity, easy implementation, and low equipment requirement, it is well suited for use in rapid diagnosis, food authentication, and environmental monitoring under source-limited conditions. This review will discuss two main research directions of lateral flow nucleic acid tests. The first one is the incorporation of isothermal amplification methods with LFA, which ensures an ultra-high testing sensitivity under non-laboratory conditions. The two most commonly used methodologies will be discussed, namely Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA), and some novel methods with special properties will also be introduced. The second research direction is the development of novel labeling materials. It endeavors to increase the sensitivity and quantifiability of LFA testing, where signals can be read and analyzed by portable devices. These methods are compared in terms of limits of detection, detection times, and quantifiabilities. It is anticipated that future research on lateral flow nucleic acid tests will focus on the integration of the whole testing process into a microfluidic system and the combination with molecular diagnostic tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats to facilitate a rapid and accurate test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Zheng
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai 200240, China.
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12
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Brunauer A, Verboket RD, Kainz DM, von Stetten F, Früh SM. Rapid Detection of Pathogens in Wound Exudate via Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11030074. [PMID: 33800856 PMCID: PMC8035659 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid detection of pathogens in infected wounds can significantly improve the clinical outcome. Wound exudate, which can be collected in a non-invasive way, offers an attractive sample material for the detection of pathogens at the point-of-care (POC). Here, we report the development of a nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay for direct detection of isothermally amplified DNA combined with fast sample preparation. The streamlined protocol was evaluated using human wound exudate spiked with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa that cause severe health issues upon wound colonization. A detection limit of 2.1 × 105 CFU per mL of wound fluid was achieved, and no cross-reaction with other pathogens was observed. Furthermore, we integrated an internal amplification control that excludes false negative results and, in combination with the flow control, ensures the validity of the test result. The paper-based approach with only three simple hands-on steps has a turn-around time of less than 30 min and covers the complete analytical process chain from sample to answer. This newly developed workflow for wound fluid diagnostics has tremendous potential for reliable pathogen POC testing and subsequent target-oriented therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brunauer
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - René D Verboket
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel M Kainz
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Früh
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Digital postprocessing and image segmentation for objective analysis of colorimetric reactions. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:218-238. [PMID: 33299153 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an explosion of scientific literature describing the use of colorimetry for monitoring the progression or the endpoint result of colorimetric reactions. The availability of inexpensive imaging technology (e.g., scanners, Raspberry Pi, smartphones and other sub-$50 digital cameras) has lowered the barrier to accessing cost-efficient, objective detection methodologies. However, to exploit these imaging devices as low-cost colorimetric detectors, it is paramount that they interface with flexible software that is capable of image segmentation and probing a variety of color spaces (RGB, HSB, Y'UV, L*a*b*, etc.). Development of tailor-made software (e.g., smartphone applications) for advanced image analysis requires complex, custom-written processing algorithms, advanced computer programming knowledge and/or expertise in physics, mathematics, pattern recognition and computer vision and learning. Freeware programs, such as ImageJ, offer an alternative, affordable path to robust image analysis. Here we describe a protocol that uses the ImageJ program to process images of colorimetric experiments. In practice, this protocol consists of three distinct workflow options. This protocol is accessible to uninitiated users with little experience in image processing or color science and does not require fluorescence signals, expensive imaging equipment or custom-written algorithms. We anticipate that total analysis time per region of interest is ~6 min for new users and <3 min for experienced users, although initial color threshold determination might take longer.
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14
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Nemčeková K, Labuda J. Advanced materials-integrated electrochemical sensors as promising medical diagnostics tools: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111751. [PMID: 33545892 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have increasingly been linked with terms as modern biomedically effective highly selective and sensitive devices, wearable and wireless technology, portable electronics, smart textiles, energy storage, communication and user-friendly operating systems. The work brings the overview of the current advanced materials and their application strategies for improving performance, miniaturization and portability of sensing devices. It provides the extensive information on recently developed (bio)sensing platforms based on voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric detection modes including portable, non-invasive, wireless, and self-driven miniaturized devices for monitoring human and animal health. Diagnostics of selected free radical precursors, low molecular biomarkers, nucleic acids and protein-based biomarkers, bacteria and viruses of today's interest is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Nemčeková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Labuda
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava 81237, Slovakia.
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15
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Kumar Y, Narsaiah K. Rapid point-of-care testing methods/devices for meat species identification: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:900-923. [PMID: 33443804 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The authentication of animal species is an important issue due to an increasing trend of adulteration and mislabeling of animal species in processed meat products. Polymerase chain reaction is the most sensitive and specific technique for nucleic acid-based animal species detection. However, it is a time-consuming technique that requires costly thermocyclers and sophisticated labs. In recent times, there is a need of on-site detection by point-of-care (POC) testing methods and devices under low-resource settings. These POC devices must be affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment free, and delivered to the end users. POC devices should also confirm the concept of micro total analysis system. This review discusses POC testing methods and devices that have been developed for meat species identification. Recent developments in lateral flow assay-based devices for the identification of animal species in meat products are also reviewed. Advancements in increasing the efficiency of lateral flow detection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana, India
| | - Kairam Narsaiah
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana, India
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