1
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Redeker FA, O’Malley K, McMahon WP, Jorabchi K. Solution Cathode Glow Discharge Coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Elemental Detection of S and P in Organic Compounds. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART B, ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 212:106858. [PMID: 38292419 PMCID: PMC10824527 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
We report a post-plasma chemical ionization approach to evaluate solution cathode glow discharge (SCGD) for S and P elemental analysis. Here, the SCGD serves as a reactor to produce chemical vapors for S and P from organic compounds containing these elements, while a corona discharge operated in negative mode is used to ionize the products. The approach creates long-lived ions in atmospheric pressure, enabling direct investigation of chemical vapor products via mass spectrometric and ion mobility separations. The investigations indicate that SCGD converts S and P to H2SO4 and H3PO4, respectively. These species are then ionized as HSO4HNO3 - and H3PO4NO3HNO3- via reactions with NO3HNO3- produced by corona discharge. The response factors for P among several small molecules varies within 10% of the average response from the compounds, suggesting a reasonable species-independent characteristic. The response factors for S show larger variations among compounds, indicating a higher dependence of chemical vapor generation efficiency on analytes' chemical structures. Detection limits of 15 and 29 ng/mL are achieved for P and S detection, respectively. These figures are limited by background equivalent concentrations and low ion flux in the utilized ion mobility-time of flight mass spectrometer, indicating potential for significant improvements. In particular, the specificity of clustering for S and P-containing ions produced in this approach suggest facile analysis of S and P using quadrupole-based mass spectrometers for improved analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frenio A. Redeker
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37 and O streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kelsey O’Malley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37 and O streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37 and O streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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2
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Kartowikromo KY, Olajide OE, Hamid AM. Collision cross section measurement and prediction methods in omics. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4973. [PMID: 37620034 PMCID: PMC10530098 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Omics studies such as metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics have become important for understanding the mechanisms in living organisms. However, the compounds detected are structurally different and contain isomers, with each structure or isomer leading to a different result in terms of the role they play in the cell or tissue in the organism. Therefore, it is important to detect, characterize, and elucidate the structures of these compounds. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have been utilized for decades in the structure elucidation of key compounds. While prediction models of parameters (such as retention time and fragmentation pattern) have also been developed for these separation techniques, they have some limitations. Moreover, ion mobility has become one of the most promising techniques to give a fingerprint to these compounds by determining their collision cross section (CCS) values, which reflect their shape and size. Obtaining accurate CCS enables its use as a filter for potential analyte structures. These CCS values can be measured experimentally using calibrant-independent and calibrant-dependent approaches. Identification of compounds based on experimental CCS values in untargeted analysis typically requires CCS references from standards, which are currently limited and, if available, would require a large amount of time for experimental measurements. Therefore, researchers use theoretical tools to predict CCS values for untargeted and targeted analysis. In this review, an overview of the different methods for the experimental and theoretical estimation of CCS values is given where theoretical prediction tools include computational and machine modeling type approaches. Moreover, the limitations of the current experimental and theoretical approaches and their potential mitigation methods were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orobola E Olajide
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ahmed M Hamid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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3
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Guo S, Qiu S, Cai Y, Wang Z, Yang Q, Tang S, Xie Y, Zhang A. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for discovering active ingredients and exploring action mechanism of herbal medicine. Front Chem 2023; 11:1142287. [PMID: 37065828 PMCID: PMC10102349 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1142287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products derived from herbal medicine are a fruitful source of lead compounds because of their structural diversity and potent bioactivities. However, despite the success of active compounds derived from herbal medicine in drug discovery, some approaches cannot effectively elucidate the overall effect and action mechanism due to their multi-component complexity. Fortunately, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has been recognized as an effective strategy for revealing the effect and discovering active components, detailed molecular mechanisms, and multiple targets of natural products. Rapid identification of lead compounds and isolation of active components from natural products would facilitate new drug development. In this context, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has established an integrated pharmacology framework for the discovery of bioactivity-correlated constituents, target identification, and the action mechanism of herbal medicine and natural products. High-throughput functional metabolomics techniques could be used to identify natural product structure, biological activity, efficacy mechanisms, and their mode of action on biological processes, assisting bioactive lead discovery, quality control, and accelerating discovery of novel drugs. These techniques are increasingly being developed in the era of big data and use scientific language to clarify the detailed action mechanism of herbal medicine. In this paper, the analytical characteristics and application fields of several commonly used mass spectrometers are introduced, and the application of mass spectrometry in the metabolomics of traditional Chinese medicines in recent years and its active components as well as mechanism of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Guo
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
| | - Ying Cai
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Songqi Tang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
| | - Aihua Zhang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center and Hainan General Hospital, College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Qiu, ; Songqi Tang, ; Yiqiang Xie, ; Aihua Zhang,
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4
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Liu L, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Mei Y, Li L, Liu H, Wang Z, Yang L. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for the Separation and Characterization of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2023; 95:134-151. [PMID: 36625109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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Jiang Y. Study the nature of interaction between 5-Fluorouracil anti-cancer drug and borospherene. J Mol Model 2022; 28:280. [PMID: 36036314 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study employs density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate pristine C4B32 borospherene and borospherenes functionalized by amino acid in drug delivery efficiency. The results showed that pristine and alanine-modified C4B32 clusters demonstrated high efficiency in drug delivery when borospherenes were designed using the quadruple carbon atom doping of C4B32. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the interaction between the 5-Fluorouracil drug (FU) and borospherenes (both alanine-modified variants and pristine). According to the findings, the bio-drug delivery function enabled by the amino acid led to enhanced FU adsorption onto C4B32, and in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, a redshift was found in the drug@cluster electronic spectra. Therefore, it can be concluded that the borospherene modified by alanine offers drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Medical College, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou city, 425100, Hunan, China.
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6
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Liu W, Zhao R, Su X, Mohamed A, Diana T. Development and validation of machine learning models for prediction of nanomedicine solubility in supercritical solvent for advanced pharmaceutical manufacturing. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Hachem K, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Sevbitov A, Kuzichkin OR, Mohamed A, Moazen Rad S, Salehi A, Kaur J, Kumar R, Ng Kay Lup A, Arian Nia A. Anti-inflammatory effect of functionalized sulfasalazine boron nitride nanocages on cardiovascular disease and breast cancer: An in-silico simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Hu X, Alsaikhan F, Sh. Majdi H, Olegovich Bokov D, Mohamed A, Sadeghi A. Predictive modeling and computational machine learning simulation of adsorption separation using advanced nanocomposite materials. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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A Novel and Versatile Copper-Nanomagnetic Catalyst for Synthesis of Propargylamines and Diaryl Sulfides. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Abdalkareem Jasim S, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Abdusalamovich Khalikov A, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Potrich E, Xu T. Investigation of reaction mechanisms of CO2 reduction to methanol by Ni-C80 and Co-Si60 catalysts. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Latif M, Chen X, Gandhi VD, Larriba-Andaluz C, Gamez G. Field-Switching Repeller Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:635-648. [PMID: 35235331 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a field-switching (FS) technique is employed with a flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) source in drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS). The premise is to incorporate a tip-repeller electrode as a substitute for the Bradbury-Nielsen gate (BNG) so as to overcome corresponding disadvantages of the BNG, including the gate depletion effect (GDE). The DTIMS spectra were optimized in terms of peak shape and full width by inserting an aperture at the DTIMS inlet that was used to control the neutral molecules' penetration into the separation region, thus preventing neutral-ion reactions inside. The FAPA and repeller's experimental operating conditions including drift and plasma gas flow rates, pulse injection times, repeller positioning and voltage, FAPA current, and effluent angle were optimized. Ion mobility spectra of selected compounds were captured, and the corresponding reduced mobility values were calculated and compared with the literature. The 6-fold improvements in limit of detection (LOD) compared with previous work were obtained for 2,6-DTBP and acetaminophen. The enhanced performance of the FS-FAPA-DTIMS was also investigated as a function of the GDE when compared with FAPA-DTIMS containing BNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Latif
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Viraj D Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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12
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Chen X, Latif M, Gandhi VD, Chen X, Hua L, Fukushima N, Larriba-Andaluz C. Enhancing Separation and Constriction of Ion Mobility Distributions in Drift Tubes at Atmospheric Pressure Using Varying Fields. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5690-5698. [PMID: 35357157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A linearly decreasing electric field has been previously proven to be effective for diffusional correction of ions in a varying field drift tube (VFDT) system, leading to higher resolving powers compared to a conventional drift tube due to its capacity to narrow distributions midflight. However, the theoretical predictions in resolving power of the VFDT were much higher than what was observed experimentally. The reason behind this discrepancy has been identified as the difference between the theoretically calculated resolving power (spatial) and the experimental one (time). To match the high spatial resolving power experimentally, a secondary high voltage pulse (HVP) at a properly adjusted time is used to provide the ions with enough momentum to increase their drift velocity and hence their time-resolving power. A series of systematic numerical simulations and experimental tests have been designed to corroborate our theoretical findings. The HVP-VFDT atmospheric pressure portable system improves the resolving power from the maximum expected of 60-80 for a regular drift tube to 250 in just 21 cm in length and 7kV, an unprecedent accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohsen Latif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Viraj D Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xuemeng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.,Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leyan Hua
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | | | - Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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13
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Development of multiple machine-learning computational techniques for optimization of heterogenous catalytic biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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14
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Liu J, Wang K, Li Y, Zhou B, Tseng K, Zhang X, Su Y, Sun W, Guo Y. Rapid Discrimination of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' by Electrospray Ionization-Ion Mobility-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2021; 26:7015. [PMID: 34834108 PMCID: PMC8622672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A common idea is that some dishonest businessmen often disguise Citrus reticulata Blanco varieties as Citrus reticulata 'Chachi', which places consumers at risk of economic losses. In this work, we combined high-resolution ion mobility (U-shaped mobility analyzer) with high-resolution mass spectrometry to rapidly distinguish Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' from other Citrus species. The samples were analyzed directly through simple extraction and the analytes were separated in one second. It only took about 1 min to perform a cycle of sample analysis and data acquisition. The results showed that polymethoxylated flavones and their isomers were separated easily by the ion mobility analyzer and preliminarily identified according to the accurate mass. Moreover, the collision cross-section values of all analytes, which could be used as auxiliary parameters to characterize and identify the compounds in the samples, were measured. Twenty-four samples were grouped as two clusters by multivariate analysis, which meant that Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' could be effectively differentiated. It was confirmed that the developed method had the potential to rapidly separate polymethoxylated flavones and distinguish between Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' and other Citrus reticulata Blanco varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Keke Wang
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuling Li
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bowen Zhou
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
| | - Kuofeng Tseng
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yue Su
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Wenjian Sun
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China; (K.W.); (K.T.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
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