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Elsenbawy A, Pates JM, Kamel NHM, Morsi T, Mekewi M, El-Gamal A, Moussa NA, Zhang H. Development of a Novel DGT Passive Sampler for Measuring Cs-137 In Situ in Marine Environments. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3300-3307. [PMID: 38350650 PMCID: PMC10902808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cs-137 is the most released fission product in the marine environment. It is important to develop a robust in situ technique for its monitoring. The existing diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) passive sampling techniques for in situ measurement of Cs+ have some limitations due to the ion competition and high pH of seawater. A new DGT sampler based on potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate (KZFCN) as a binding layer has been developed and investigated for the measurement of the time-weighted average concentration of Cs-137 in seawater. This binding layer proved a working pH range of 2-12 and an ionic strength of up to 0.75 M. Two types of diffusive gels were tested and agarose gel (AGE) was chosen for the KZFCN-DGT sampler. The measured Cs+ diffusion coefficient (1.71 × 10-5 cm2·s-1 at 25 °C) in the diffusive gel from seawater was within the expected range published in the literature. The measured concentrations of Cs-137 in seawater obtained by laboratory deployments of the KZFCN-DGT samplers for up to 4 weeks showed good precision (RSD = 13%) and accuracy (relative error = 8.5%) values. The performance test results demonstrated that the KZFCN-DGT sampler is suitable for long-term monitoring of Cs-137 in seawater due to its high capacity and resistance to ion competition and high pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsenbawy
- Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M Pates
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nariman H M Kamel
- Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
| | - Tarek Morsi
- Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Mekewi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Gamal
- Marine Geology Department, Coastal Research Institute, National Water Research Center, 15, St. Elpharanaa, Elshalalat, Alexandria 21514, Egypt
| | - Nabawia A Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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