1
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Shen Q, Ding J, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xu B, Yang H, Sun Y, Hang L. Dual-responsive electrochemical immunosensor for CYFRA21-1 detection based on Au/Co Co-loaded 3D ordered macroporous carbon interconnected framework. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114111. [PMID: 39053032 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) is a protein fragment released into the bloodstream during the death of lung epithelial cells, serving as a predictive biomarker in diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and need to be accurately detected. Herein, a dual-responsive label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on a three-dimensional ordered interconnecting macroporous carbon skeleton material modified with gold-cobalt nanoparticles (Au/Co NPs-3D MCF) to detect cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). The three-dimensional ordered interconnect macroporous structure, by providing a high specific surface area and an electrochemically active area, not only enhances the electron transport channel and reduces mass transfer resistance, but also offers a confined region that elevates the collision frequency with the active site. In addition to exhibiting excellent biocompatibility for antibody binding, gold-cobalt nanoparticles contribute significantly to the overall robustness of the immunosensor. By capitalizing on the 3D network structure and collective effect of Au and Co NPs, the Au/Co NPs-3D MCF immunosensors exhibit exceptional response signals in both chronocurrent testing and square-wave voltammetry, allowing for a wide linear response range of 0.0001-100 ng/mL and a low detection limit. Moreover, the constructed immunosensor is capable of detecting CYFRA21-1 in human serum and has the potential for further extension to detect multiple biomarkers. This work opens up new avenues for the construction of other highly selective 3D network immunosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Zengsheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Hongxiao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250055, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Hang
- The Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 518037, PR China.
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2
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Regiart M, Fernández-Baldo MA, Navarrete BA, Morales García C, Gómez B, Tortella GR, Valero T, Ortega FG. Five years of advances in electrochemical analysis of protein biomarkers in lung cancer: a systematic review. Front Chem 2024; 12:1390050. [PMID: 38764920 PMCID: PMC11099832 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1390050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. It represents a public health problem that must be addressed through the early detection of specific biomarkers and effective treatment. To address this critical issue, it is imperative to implement effective methodologies for specific biomarker detection of lung cancer in real clinical samples. Electrochemical methods, including microfluidic devices and biosensors, can obtain robust results that reduce time, cost, and assay complexity. This comprehensive review will explore specific studies, methodologies, and detection limits and contribute to the depth of the discussion, making it a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Regiart
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Martín A. Fernández-Baldo
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Bernardino Alcázar Navarrete
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain
- Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Morales García
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain
- Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain
- Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Gonzalo R. Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Teresa Valero
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of “Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Gabriel Ortega
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain
- Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- UGC Cartuja, Distrito Sanitario Granada Metropolitano, Granada, Spain
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3
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Bounoua N, Cetinkaya A, Piskin E, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. The sensor applications for prostate and lung cancer biomarkers in terms of electrochemical analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2277-2300. [PMID: 38279011 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Prostate and lung cancers are the most common types of cancer and affect a large part of the population around the world, causing deaths. Therefore, the rapid identification of cancer can profoundly impact reducing cancer-related death rates and protecting human lives. Significant resources have been dedicated to investigating new methods for early disease detection. Cancer biomarkers encompass various biochemical entities, including nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, small metabolites, cytogenetic and cytokinetic parameters, and whole tumor cells in bodily fluids. These tools can be utilized for various purposes, such as risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment efficacy, toxicity evaluation, and predicting a return. Due to these versatile and critical purposes, there are widespread studies on the development of new, sensitive, and selective approaches for the determination of cancer biomarkers. This review illustrates the significant lung and prostate cancer biomarkers and their determination utilizing electrochemical sensors, which have the advantage of improved sensitivity, low cost, and simple analysis. Additionally, approaches such as improving sensitivity with nanomaterials and ensuring selectivity with MIPs are used to increase the performance of the sensor. This review aims to overview the most recent electrochemical biosensor applications for determining vital biomarkers of prostate and lung cancers in terms of nanobiosensors and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bounoua
- Department of Exact Sciences, Laboratory of the Innovation Sponsorship and the Emerging Institution for Graduates of Higher Education of Sustainable Development and Dealing with Emerging Conditions, Normal Higher School of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Science (LCSE), 8000, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ensar Piskin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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4
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Lin LP, Tan MTT. Biosensors for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers: A review on biomarkers, transducing techniques and recent graphene-based implementations. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115492. [PMID: 37421797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. In addition to chest X-rays and computerised tomography, the detection of cancer biomarkers serves as an emerging diagnostic tool for lung cancer. This review explores biomarkers including the rat sarcoma gene, the tumour protein 53 gene, the epidermal growth factor receptor, the neuron-specific enolase, the cytokeratin-19 fragment 21-1 and carcinoembryonic antigen as potential indicators of lung cancer. Biosensors, which utilise various transduction techniques, present a promising solution for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers. Therefore, this review also explores the working principles and recent implementations of transducers in the detection of lung cancer biomarkers. The transducing techniques explored include optical techniques, electrochemical techniques and mass-based techniques for detecting biomarkers and cancer-related volatile organic compounds. Graphene has outstanding properties in terms of charge transfer, surface area, thermal conductivity and optical characteristics, on top of allowing easy incorporation of other nanomaterials. Exploiting the collective merits of both graphene and biosensor is an emerging trend, as evidenced by the growing number of studies on graphene-based biosensors for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers. This work provides a comprehensive review of these studies, including information on modification schemes, nanomaterials, amplification strategies, real sample applications, and sensor performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges and future outlook of lung cancer biosensors, including scalable graphene synthesis, multi-biomarker detection, portability, miniaturisation, financial support, and commercialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih Poh Lin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Multimodal Signal Processing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Tien Tien Tan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
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5
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Wang X, Leng D, Li F, Liu L, Ren X, Lee JY, Ju H, Wei Q. A split-type photoelectrochemical immunosensing platform based on atom-efficient cation exchange for physiological monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1265:341340. [PMID: 37230581 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive and accurate physiological monitoring is of great significance for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this project, an efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) split-type sensor on the basis of controlled release strategy was established with great success. Heterojunction formation between g-C3N4 and Zn-doped CdS improved the visible light absorption efficiency, reduced carrier complexation, improved the PEC signal, and increased the stability of the PEC platform. Compared to the traditional model of immunosensors, the process of antigen-antibody specific binding was done in a 96 microplate, and the sensor separated the immune reaction from the photoelectrochemical conversion process, eliminating mutual interference. Cu2O nanocubes were used to label the second antibody (Ab2), and acid etching using HNO3 released a large amount of divalent copper ions, which exchanged cations with Cd2+ in the substrate material, causing a sharp drop in photocurrent and improving the sensitivity of the sensor. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the PEC sensor based on the controlled release strategy for CYFRA21-1 target detection had a wide concentration linear range of 5 × 10-5 to 100 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 0.0167 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This intelligent response variation pattern could also offer the possibility of additional clinical applications for other target detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Dongquan Leng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Faying Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhou Z, Gao T, Zhao Y, Yang P, Cheng D, Yang H, Wang Y, Li X. Dual signal amplified electrochemical aptasensor based on PEI-functionalized GO and ROP for highly sensitive detection of cTnI. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 151:108402. [PMID: 36841148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) because of its excellent specificity and sensitivity. Herein, a novel aptasensor based on the dual signal amplification strategy of Polyethyleneimine functionalized Graphene oxide (GO) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) for the first time was successfully constructed to achieve high sensitivity detection of cTnI. Briefly, cTnI-aptamer 1 (Apt1) was immobilized on the surface of gold electrode by self-assembly of Au-S bonds to specifically capture cTnI. After specific recognition of cTnI, Apt2 coated PEI-functionalized GO composites acted as macroinitiators for the subsequent ROP reaction. Next, α-amino acid-N-carboxylic acid anhydride ferrocene derivatives (NCA-Fc), the monomer for ROP reaction, was added to the electrode surface. The combined application of PEI-functionalized GO and NCA-Fc better achieves the high sensitivity and signal amplification of the aptasensor. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a wide linear range of 10 fg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection was 3.78 fg mL-1. Moreover, this method displayed the advantages of good selectivity, simple operation and excellent stability. Meanwhile, the aptasensor had good accuracy and applicability even in real serum samples analysis, demonstrating its considerable application potential in biomedical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Zhou
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yuning Zhao
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Di Cheng
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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7
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. A novel electrochemical impedance immunosensor for the quantification of CYFRA 21-1 in human serum. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:235. [PMID: 37219635 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, simple, and reliable immunosensor was constructed to detect the lowest alteration of a fragment of cytokeratin subunit 19 (CYFRA 21-1), a protein lung carcinoma biomarker. The proposed immunosensor was manufactured with a carbon black C45/polythiophene polymer-containing amino terminal groups (C45-PTNH2) conductive nanocomposite, resulting in an excellent, biocompatible, low-cost, and electrically conductive electrode surface. Anti-CYFRA 21-1 biorecognition molecules were attached to the electrode thanks to the amino terminal groups of the used PTNH2 polymer with a relatively simple procedure. All electrode surfaces after modifications were characterized by electrochemical, chemical, and microscopic techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was also utilized for the evaluation of the analytical feature of the immunosensor. The charge transfer resistance of the immunosensor signal was correlated with the CYFRA 21-1 concentration in the concentration range 0.03 to 90 pg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the suggested system were 4.7 fg/mL and 14.1 fg/mL, respectively. The proposed biosensor had favorable repeatability and reproducibility, long storage stability, excellent selectivity, and low cost. Furthermore, it was applied to determine CYFRA 21-1 in commercial serum samples, and satisfactory recovery results (98.63-106.18%) were obtained. Thus, this immunosensor can be offered for clinical purposes as a rapid, stable, low-cost, selective, reproducible, and reusable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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8
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Police Patil AV, Chuang YS, Li C, Wu CC. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Immunosensors with Nanomaterial Assistance for Signal Amplification. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010125. [PMID: 36671960 PMCID: PMC9855954 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors have attracted immense attention due to the ease of mass electrode production and the high compatibility of the miniature electric reader, which is beneficial for developing point-of-care diagnostic devices. Electrochemical immunosensors can be divided into label-free and label-based sensing strategies equipped with potentiometric, amperometric, voltammetric, or impedimetric detectors. Emerging nanomaterials are frequently used on electrochemical immunosensors as a highly rough and conductive interface of the electrodes or on nanocarriers of immobilizing capture antibodies, electroactive mediators, or catalyzers. Adopting nanomaterials can increase immunosensor characteristics with lower detection limits and better sensitivity. Recent research has shown innovative immobilization procedures of nanomaterials which meet the requirements of different electrochemical immunosensors. This review discusses the past five years of advances in nanomaterials (metal nanoparticles, metal nanostructures, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) integrated into the electrochemical immunosensor. Furthermore, the new tendency and endeavors of nanomaterial-based electrochemical immunosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V. Police Patil
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 1324 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ching-Chou Wu
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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9
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Dual-signal amplified electrochemical biosensor based on eATRP and PEI for early detection of lung cancer. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108224. [PMID: 36029762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a lung cancer marker with high sensitivity and specificity, plays vital roles in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this paper, an electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of CEA was constructed, which based on dual signal amplification of electrically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for the first time. Firstly, CEA was captured in a specific recognition manner with CEA aptamer 1 (Apt1), which self-assembled on the electrode via "Au-S" bond. After that, CEA aptamer 2-PEI (Apt2-PEI) was recognized by CEA to form an Apt-antigen-Apt sandwich structure. Next, multiple initiation sites were introduced for the eATRP reaction by the amide reaction. Finally, numerous electroactive monomers, ferrocene methacrylate (FMMA), were grafted onto the modified electrode by eATRP. Under the optimized conditions, there was a wide linear detection range of 10-3 ∼ 102 ng·mL-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 70.17 fg·mL-1. Compared to other reported sensors, this electrochemical biosensor used a simpler and more environmentally friendly eATRP, and the use of PEI increased the electron transfer rate. Moreover, the biosensor showed superior analytical performance in the clinical serums and has great promise for early lung cancer diagnosis applications.
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10
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Xu L, Wang S, Wu Z, Xu C, Hu X, Ding H, Zhang Y, Shen B, Liu Y, Wu K. Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid Detection of Cyfra 21-1 in Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:871285. [PMID: 35497346 PMCID: PMC9039041 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.871285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine tumor, and the rate of early lymph node metastasis may be as high as 60%. Currently, detection of lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer during surgery is limited and time-consuming. Elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1, the proteolytic portion of cytokeratin, are associated with the metastasis and progression of thyroid cancer and are an effective biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. In this study, an immunochromatographic strip test based on colloidal gold nanoparticles was developed to semi-quantitatively detect the levels of Cyfra 21-1 in lymph nodes within 15 min. The standard (calibration) curve equation was Y = 0.003708 × X + 0.1101, and the detection limit was 0.55–1.14 ng mL−1. The strip did not detect other protein markers of epithelial cells at a concentration of 500 ng mL−1, including cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18, epithelial membrane antigen, and epidermal surface antigen. The ability of the strip to differentiate positive from negative metastasis in 40 lymph node specimens was 100% concordant with that of immunohistochemical staining for Cyfra 21-1. In an assessment of 20 lymph node specimens that had been determined by postoperative histopathology to be positive for lymph node metastasis and 20 specimens that were negative, the sensitivity and specificity of the strip were 100% and 95%, respectively. The sensitivity of the strip remained stable when stored at room temperature for 6 months. Together, these results indicated that although further testing using a larger sample size will be required, this immunochromatographic strip test may be useful for rapid intraoperative detection of thyroid cancer metastasis to lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhechen Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinwei Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haitian Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanqiang Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yehai Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kaile Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kaile Wu,
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11
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Cui Z, Guo L, Jin Z, Ma L, Yang H, Miao M. Highly sensitive and specific assessment of ochratoxin A in herbal medicines via activator regeneration by electron transfer ATRP. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A signal-off fluorescence biosensor for highly sensitive detection of OTA was constructed via the ARGET ATRP signal amplification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Cui
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Lele Ma
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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Chang Y, Xia N, Huang Y, Sun Z, Liu L. In Situ Assembly of Nanomaterials and Molecules for the Signal Enhancement of Electrochemical Biosensors. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123307. [PMID: 34947656 PMCID: PMC8705329 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The physiochemical properties of nanomaterials have a close relationship with their status in solution. As a result of its better simplicity than that of pre-assembled aggregates, the in situ assembly of nanomaterials has been integrated into the design of electrochemical biosensors for the signal output and amplification. In this review, we highlight the significant progress in the in situ assembly of nanomaterials as the nanolabels for enhancing the performances of electrochemical biosensors. The works are discussed based on the difference in the interactions for the assembly of nanomaterials, including DNA hybridization, metal ion-ligand coordination, metal-thiol and boronate ester interactions, aptamer-target binding, electrostatic attraction, and streptavidin (SA)-biotin conjugate. We further expand the range of the assembly units from nanomaterials to small organic molecules and biomolecules, which endow the signal-amplified strategies with more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin Liu
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (L.L.)
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