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Muhammad N, Hussain I, Ali A, Noureen L, He Q, Subhani Q, Khan NA, Cui H, Zhu Y. Ion chromatography: A comprehensive review of sample preparation methods for analysis of halogens and allied nonmetals in critically challenging inorganic matrices. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1734:465311. [PMID: 39226749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The inorganic matrices such as metal concentrates, steel, cement, glass, clay, coal, graphite, rocks and sediments, ores etc. play a pivotal role in infrastructure development, transportation, and energy. The presence of non-metallic elements particularly halogens influence their quality, processing cost, and environment dynamics. The analysis of non-metals in such matrices is critically challenging due to their hardness, rigidity, and non-digestibility. This comprehensive review provides a critical comparison of various sample preparation methods in conjunction with pros and cons of advanced techniques for the detection of non-metals in complex matrices, particularly focusing on ion chromatography. Moreover, the review also addresses the challenges related to the enrichment and automation of non-metals analysis. In addition, the previous literature on non-metals determination in diverse range of inorganic matrices has been tabulated for the first time. These insights are intended to guide researchers, quality control analysts, environmental scientists, and policymakers in enhancing pollution monitoring and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Muhammad
- School of life sciences, Wuchang University of technology, Wuhan, 430223, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China; Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China; Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore,Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China
| | - Laila Noureen
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Qing He
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qamar Subhani
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China
| | - Niaz Ali Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hairong Cui
- School of life sciences, Wuchang University of technology, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310028, China.
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Huang Y, Pang J, Zhang S, Huang W. Pretreatment methods in ion chromatography: A review. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465162. [PMID: 39018738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
As an advanced analytical technology, Ion Chromatography (IC) has been widely used in various fields. At present, it is faced with the challenges of sample complexity and instrument precision. It is necessary to select appropriate pretreatment methods to achieve sample preparation and protect the instruments. Therefore, this paper reviews several commonly used sample pretreatment technologies in IC, focusing on sample digestion and purification techniques. Additionally, we introduce some advanced IC technologies and automatic sample processing devices. We provide a comprehensive summary of the basic principles, primary applications and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Pretreatment methods should be carefully selected and optimized on the specific characteristics of the sample and the ions to be measured, in order to achieve better analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430078, China
| | - Jiafeng Pang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430078, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- College of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430078, China; College of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, China.
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