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Ren M, Lu C, Zhou M, Jiang X, Li X, Liu N. The intersection of virus infection and liver disease: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1640. [PMID: 38253964 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease represents a significant global burden, placing individuals at a heightened risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral infections act as a primary cause of liver diseases on a worldwide scale. Infections involving hepatitis viruses, notably hepatitis B, C, and E viruses, stand out as the most prevalent contributors to acute and chronic intrahepatic adverse outcome, although the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be effectively cured with antiviral drugs, but no preventative vaccination developed. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV can lead to both acute and chronic liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are principal causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Other viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), are capable of causing liver damage. Therefore, it is essential to recognize that virus infections and liver diseases are intricate and interconnected processes. A profound understanding of the underlying relationship between virus infections and liver diseases proves pivotal in the effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. In this review, we delve into the mechanisms by which virus infections induce liver diseases, as well as explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of liver diseases. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxia Lu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gong H, Chen S, Tang L, Chen F, Chen C, Cai C. Ultra-Sensitive Portable Visual Paper-Based Viral Molecularly Imprinted Sensor without Autofluorescence Interference. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17691-17698. [PMID: 37978911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the virus is the primary factor to discover and block the occurrence and development of the virus epidemic. Here, an ultrasensitive paper-based virus molecular imprinting sensor is developed to detect two viruses simultaneously in which the detection limit of the influenza virus (H5N1) is 16.0 aM (9.63 × 103 particles/mL) while that of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is 129 fM (7.77 × 107 particles/mL). This paper-based sensor is low cost and is easy to cut, store, and carry. In addition, the visual semiquantitative detection of two viruses is achieved by using two aptamer-functionalized persistent luminescent nanoparticles as signal probes. These probes and the imprinted cavities on the paper-based material formed sandwich-type double recognition of the target viruses. This sensor has extremely high sensitivity to the H5N1 virus, which is of great value to solve the influenza epidemic with the most outbreaks in history, and also opens up a new way for the prevention and control of other virus epidemics. This cheap and portable visual sensor provides the possibility for self-service detection and can greatly reduce the pressure on medical staff and reduce the risk of virus infection caused by the concentration of people to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- The key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Li Tang
- The key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- The key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Changqun Cai
- The key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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Shi W, Li K, Zhang Y. The Advancement of Nanomaterials for the Detection of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus. Molecules 2023; 28:7201. [PMID: 37894681 PMCID: PMC10608909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a global health concern mostly caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The late diagnosis and delayed treatment of HBV and HCV infections can cause irreversible liver damage and the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Detecting the presence and activity of HBV and HCV is the cornerstone of the diagnosis and management of related diseases. However, the traditional method shows limitations. The utilization of nanomaterials has been of great significance in the advancement of virus detection technologies due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. Here, we categorized and illustrated the novel approaches used for the diagnosis of HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Shi
- Interventional Therapy Center of Liver Disease, Beijing You’An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Kang Li
- Biomedical Information Center, Beijing You’An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center of Liver Disease, Beijing You’An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
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Choi HK, Yoon J. Nanotechnology-Assisted Biosensors for the Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids: An Overview. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:208. [PMID: 36831973 PMCID: PMC9953881 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and rapid diagnosis of viral diseases has garnered increasing attention in the field of biosensors. The development of highly sensitive, selective, and accessible biosensors is crucial for early disease detection and preventing mortality. However, developing biosensors optimized for viral disease diagnosis has several limitations, including the accurate detection of mutations. For decades, nanotechnology has been applied in numerous biological fields such as biosensors, bioelectronics, and regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology offers a promising strategy to address the current limitations of conventional viral nucleic acid-based biosensors. The implementation of nanotechnologies, such as functional nanomaterials, nanoplatform-fabrication techniques, and surface nanoengineering, to biosensors has not only improved the performance of biosensors but has also expanded the range of sensing targets. Therefore, a deep understanding of the combination of nanotechnologies and biosensors is required to prepare for sanitary emergencies such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we provide interdisciplinary information on nanotechnology-assisted biosensors. First, representative nanotechnologies for biosensors are discussed, after which this review summarizes various nanotechnology-assisted viral nucleic acid biosensors. Therefore, we expect that this review will provide a valuable basis for the development of novel viral nucleic acid biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The effect of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic on global healthcare systems has underlined the importance of timely and cost-effective point-of-care diagnosis of viruses. The need for ultrasensitive easy-to-use platforms has culminated in an increased interest for rapid response equipment-free alternatives to conventional diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, western-blot assay, etc. Furthermore, the poor stability and the bleaching behavior of several contemporary fluorescent reporters is a major obstacle in understanding the mechanism of viral infection thus retarding drug screening and development. Owing to their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio as well as their quantum confinement and charge transfer properties, nanomaterials are desirable additives to sensing and imaging systems to amplify their signal response as well as temporal resolution. Their large surface area promotes biomolecular integration as well as efficacious signal transduction. Due to their hole mobility, photostability, resistance to photobleaching, and intense brightness, nanomaterials have a considerable edge over organic dyes for single virus tracking. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of combining carbon-allotrope, inorganic and organic-based nanomaterials with virus sensing and tracking methods, starting with the impact of human pathogenic viruses on the society. We address how different nanomaterials can be used in various virus sensing platforms (e.g. lab-on-a-chip, paper, and smartphone-based point-of-care systems) as well as in virus tracking applications. We discuss the enormous potential for the use of nanomaterials as simple, versatile, and affordable tools for detecting and tracing viruses infectious to humans, animals, plants as well as bacteria. We present latest examples in this direction by emphasizing major advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqsit Pirzada
- Technical University of Berlin, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany. .,Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany. .,Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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