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Xu S, Li H, Xiao L, Wang M, Feng S, Fan J, Pawliszyn J. Quantitative Determination of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Micro/Nanoplastics by Cooling-Assisted Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Theoretical and Experimental Insights. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2227-2235. [PMID: 38272489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Determinations of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) in environmental samples are essential to assess the extent of their presence in the environment and their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. With the aim to provide a sensitive method with simplified pretreatment steps, cooling-assisted solid-phase microextraction (CA-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed as a new approach to quantify mass concentrations of MNPs in water and soil samples. The herein proposed CA-SPME method offers the unique advantage of integrating the thermal decomposition of MNPs and enrichment of signature compounds into one step. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used as a model substance to verify the method performance in this work. Theoretical insights demonstrated that pyrolysis is the rate-determining step during the extraction process and that PMMA is effectively decomposed at 350 °C with an estimated incubation time of 13 min. Eight compounds were identified in the pyrolysis products by CA-SPME-GC-MS with the use of a DVB/CAR/PDMS coating, wherein methyl methacrylate was considered as the best indicator and dimethyl 2-methylenesuccinate was selected as the confirmation compound. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibited wide linearity (0.5-2000 μg for water and 5-1000 μg for soil) and high sensitivity, with limits of detection of 0.014 and 0.28 μg for water and soil, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for determinations of PMMA MNPs in real water and soil samples with satisfactory recoveries attained. The method only required the employment of a filter membrane for water analysis, while soil samples were analyzed directly without any pretreatment. The solvent-free approach, straightforward operation, and high sensitivity of the proposed method show great potential for the analysis of MNPs in different environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Suling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Zhou J, Yao SS, Wang JM, Chen XH, Qin C, Jin MC, Zhang DD, Xu JJ, Cai ZX. Multiple mycotoxins in commonly used edible oils: Occurrence and evaluation of potential health risks. Food Chem 2023; 426:136629. [PMID: 37331146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the contamination of 51 mycotoxins in 416 edible oils were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Totally, twenty-four mycotoxins were detected and nearly half of the samples (46.9%, n = 195) were contaminated simultaneously with six to nine kinds of mycotoxins. The predominant mycotoxins and contamination characteristics varied depending on the type of oils. More specifically, four enniatins, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and zearalenone were the most frequent combination. Overall, peanut and sesame oils (10.7-11.7 mycotoxins on average) were found to be the most contaminated matrices whereas camellia and sunflower seed oils (1.8-2.7 species) were the opposite. Dietary exposure risks of mycotoxins were acceptable in most cases, however, the ingestion of aflatoxins (especially aflatoxin B1) through peanut and sesame oil (margin of exposure: 239.4-386.3 < 10000) exceeded the acceptable carcinogenic risk level. Meanwhile, the risks of cumulative ingestion through the food chain should be of great concern, especially sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, AME and zearalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jian-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Chen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Mi-Cong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Poison Research and Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xu
- Lab of Physicochemical Research, Department of Physicochemical & Toxicology, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Zeng-Xuan Cai
- Lab of Physicochemical Research, Department of Physicochemical & Toxicology, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang 310051, China
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Reale S, Biancolillo A, Foschi M, D'Archivio AA. Characterization of the Volatile Profiles of Insect Flours by (HS)-SPME/GC-MS: A Preliminary Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073075. [PMID: 37049837 PMCID: PMC10095912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing world population, combined with scarcities of agricultural land, water, forest, fisheries, and biodiversity resources, makes it necessary to search for alternative sources of nutrients. For this reason, in recent years, edible insects have been introduced into the diet, even in areas where entomophagy is not traditional. In light of this, the present study aims at characterizing the aromatic profile of three edible insects flours: cricket (Acheta domesticus, CP), buffalo worm (Alphitobius diaperinus, BW), and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, MW). This goal has been achieved by means of an (HS)-SPME/GC-MS strategy. 67 compounds have been tentatively identified; of these, 27 are present only in the CP and BW flours, while 10 are common in all three flours. The compound with the highest peak's relative area in gas chromatograms of CP and BW flours is hexadecanoic acid, while in MW it is 1-heptylpyrrolidin-2-one. In general, we have observed that CP and BW flours have 37 compounds in common, and their volatile compositions along with their profiles are more similar to each other than to MW profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Martina Foschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonio D'Archivio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Cui B, Zheng T, Deng P, Zhang S, Zhao Z. Chemotaxonomic Variation in Volatile Component Contents in Ancient Platycladus orientalis Leaves with Different Tree Ages in Huangdi Mausoleum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052043. [PMID: 36903288 PMCID: PMC10003951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the differences in the composition and volatile components content in ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves with different tree ages in Huangdi Mausoleum, the volatile components were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method. The volatile components were statistically analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, and the characteristic volatile components were screened. The results exhibited that a total of 72 volatile components were isolated and identified in 19 ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves with different tree ages, and 14 common volatile components were screened. Among them, the contents of α-pinene (6.40-16.76%), sabinene (1.11-7.29%), 3-carene (1.14-15.12%), terpinolene (2.17-4.95%), caryophyllene (8.04-13.53%), α-caryophyllene (7.34-14.41%), germacrene D (5.27-12.13%), (+)-Cedrol (2.34-11.30%) and α-terpinyl acetate (1.29-25.68%) were relatively higher (>1%), accounting for 83.40-87.61% of the total volatile components. Nineteen ancient Platycladus orientalis trees were clustered into three groups through the HCA method based on the 14 common volatile components content. Combined with the results of OPLS-DA analysis, (+)-cedrol, germacrene D, α-caryophyllene, α-terpinyl acetate, caryophyllene, β-myrcene, β-elemene and epiglobulol were the differential volatile components to distinguish ancient Platycladus orientalis with different tree ages. The results revealed that the composition of the volatile components in ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves with different tree ages was different, showing different aroma characteristics, which provided a theoretical reference for the differential development and application of volatile components in ancient Platycladus orientalis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cui
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Ping Deng
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for the Conservation and Breeding Engineering of Ancient Trees, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Long A, Liu H, Xu S, Feng S, Shuai Q, Hu S. Polyacrylic Acid Functionalized Biomass-Derived Carbon Skeleton with Highly Porous Hierarchical Structures for Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction of Volatile Halogenated Hydrocarbons. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4376. [PMID: 36558229 PMCID: PMC9784554 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyacrylic acid functionalized N-doped porous carbon derived from shaddock peels (PAA/N-SPCs) was fabricated and used as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for capturing and determining volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (VHCs) from water. Characterizations results demonstrated that the PAA/N-SPCs presented a highly meso/macro-porous hierarchical structure consisting of a carbon skeleton. The introduction of PAA promoted the formation of polar chemical groups on the carbon skeleton. Consequently, large specific surface area, highly hierarchical structures, and abundant chemical groups endowed the PAA/N-SPCs, which exhibited superior SPME capacities for VHCs in comparison to pristine N-SPCs and commercial SPME coatings. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the proposed analytical method presented wide linearity in the concentration range of 0.5-50 ng mL-1, excellent reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 5.8%-7.2%, and low limits of detection varying from 0.0005 to 0.0086 ng mL-1. Finally, the proposed method was applied to analyze VHCs from real water samples and observed satisfactory recoveries ranging from 75% to 116%. This study proposed a novel functionalized porous carbon skeleton as SPME coating for analyzing pollutants from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anying Long
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- 113 Geological Brigade, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Guizhou Province, Liupanshui 553000, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shengrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Suling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qin Shuai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shenghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Xu S, Liu H, Long A, Feng S, Chen CP. In-situ synthesis of carbon dots embedded wrinkled-mesoporous silica microspheres for efficiently capturing and monitoring organochlorine pesticides from water and fruit juice. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tarapoulouzi M, Agriopoulou S, Koidis A, Proestos C, Enshasy HAE, Varzakas T. Recent Advances in Analytical Methods for the Detection of Olive Oil Oxidation Status during Storage along with Chemometrics, Authenticity and Fraud Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091180. [PMID: 36139019 PMCID: PMC9496477 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil is considered to be a food of utmost importance, especially in the Mediterranean countries. The quality of olive oil must remain stable regarding authenticity and storage. This review paper emphasizes the detection of olive oil oxidation status or rancidity, the analytical techniques that are usually used, as well as the application and significance of chemometrics in the research of olive oil. The first part presents the effect of the oxidation of olive oil during storage. Then, lipid stability measurements are described in parallel with instrumentation and different analytical techniques that are used for this particular purpose. The next part presents some research publications that combine chemometrics and the study of lipid changes due to storage published in 2005–2021. Parameters such as exposure to light, air and various temperatures as well as different packaging materials were investigated to test olive oil stability during storage. The benefits of each chemometric method are provided as well as the overall significance of combining analytical techniques and chemometrics. Furthermore, the last part reflects on fraud in olive oil, and the most popular analytical techniques in the authenticity field are stated to highlight the importance of the authenticity of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tarapoulouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (T.V.)
| | - Anastasios Koidis
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Food Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Borg Al Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (T.V.)
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