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An S, Hwang G, Noh SA, Lee HC, Hwang TS. Quantitative Analysis of Brain CT Perfusion in Healthy Beagle Dogs: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:469. [PMID: 37505873 PMCID: PMC10385523 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain computed tomography (CT) perfusion is a technique that allows for the fast evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics. However, quantitative studies of brain CT perfusion in veterinary medicine are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of perfusion determined via CT in brains of healthy dogs and to compare values between white matter and gray matter, differences in aging, and each hemisphere. Nine intact male beagle dogs were prospectively examined using dynamic CT scanning and post-processing for brain perfusion. Regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), mean transit time, and time to peak were calculated. Tissue ROIs were drawn in the gray matter and white matter of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes; caudate nucleus; thalamus; piriform lobe; hippocampus; and cerebellum. Significant differences were observed between the white matter regions and gray matter regions for rCBV and rCBF (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were identified between hemispheres and between young and old groups in brain regions. The findings obtained in this study involving healthy beagle dogs might serve as a reference for regional CT perfusion values in specific brain regions. These results may aid in the characterization of various brain diseases in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyon An
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunha Hwang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ah Noh
- AniCom Medical Center, Animal Hospital, Seoul 04599, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chun Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Hwang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Mortier JR, Maddox TW, Blackwood L, La Fontaine MD, Busoni V. Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography perfusion parameters of canine suspected brain tumors at baseline and during radiotherapy might be different depending on tumor location but not associated with survival. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1179762. [PMID: 37187932 PMCID: PMC10175699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1179762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of brain tumors in dogs can be associated with significant morbidity and reliable prognostic factors are lacking. Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCECT) can be used to assess tumor perfusion. The objectives of this study were to assess perfusion parameters and change in size of suspected brain tumors before and during radiotherapy (RT) depending on their location and find a potential correlation with survival. Methods Seventeen client-owned dogs with suspected brain tumors were prospectively recruited. All dogs had a baseline DCECT to assess mass size, blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), and transit time (TT). Twelve dogs had a repeat DCECT after 12 Gy of megavoltage RT. Survival times were calculated. Results Intra-axial masses had lower BF (p = 0.005) and BV (p < 0.001) than extra-axial masses but not than pituitary masses. Pituitary masses had lower BF (p = 0.001) and BV (p = 0.004) than extra-axial masses. The volume of the mass was positively associated with TT (p = 0.001) but not with BF and BV. Intra-axial masses showed a more marked decrease in size than extra-axial and pituitary masses during RT (p = 0.022 for length, p = 0.05 for height). Extra-axial masses showed a greater decrease in BF (p = 0.011) and BV (p = 0.012) during RT than pituitary masses and intra-axial masses. Heavier dogs had a shorter survival time (p = 0.011). Perfusion parameters were not correlated with survival. Conclusion DCECT perfusion parameters and change in size of brain masses during RT might be different based on the location of the mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R. Mortier
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jeremy R. Mortier,
| | - Thomas W. Maddox
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | | | - Valeria Busoni
- Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Partridge B, Rossmeisl JH. Companion animal models of neurological disease. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 331:108484. [PMID: 31733285 PMCID: PMC6942211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of novel therapeutics that improve the survival and quality of life of patients with neurological disease remains a challenge, with many investigational drug and device candidates failing in advanced stage clinical trials. Naturally occurring inherited and acquired neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, inborn errors of metabolism, brain tumors, spinal cord injury, and stroke occur frequently in companion animals, and many of these share epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical features with their human counterparts. As companion animals have a relatively abbreviated lifespan and genetic background, are immunocompetent, share their environment with human caregivers, and can be clinically managed using techniques and tools similar to those used in humans, they have tremendous potential for increasing the predictive value of preclinical drug and device studies. Here, we review comparative features of spontaneous neurological diseases in companion animals with an emphasis on neuroimaging methods and features, illustrate their historical use in translational studies, and discuss inherent limitations associated with each disease model. Integration of companion animals with naturally occurring disease into preclinical studies can complement and expand the knowledge gained from studies in other animal models, accelerate or improve the manner in which research is translated to the human clinic, and ultimately generate discoveries that will benefit the health of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Partridge
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Blvd, NRC 405, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Miller AD, Miller CR, Rossmeisl JH. Canine Primary Intracranial Cancer: A Clinicopathologic and Comparative Review of Glioma, Meningioma, and Choroid Plexus Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 31788444 PMCID: PMC6856054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dog, primary intracranial neoplasia represents ~2-5% of all cancers and is especially common in certain breeds including English and French bulldogs and Boxers. The most common types of primary intracranial cancer in the dog are meningioma, glioma, and choroid plexus tumors, generally occurring in middle aged to older dogs. Much work has recently been done to understand the characteristic imaging and clinicopathologic features of these tumors. The gross and histologic landscape of these tumors in the dog compare favorably to their human counterparts with many similarities noted in histologic patterns, subtype, and grades. Data informing the underlying molecular abnormalities in the canine tumors have only begun to be unraveled, but reveal similar pathways are mutated between canine and human primary intracranial neoplasia. This review will provide an overview of the clinicopathologic features of the three most common forms of primary intracranial cancer in the dog, delve into the comparative aspects between the dog and human neoplasms, and provide an introduction to current standard of care while also highlighting novel, experimental treatments that may help bridge the gap between canine and human cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Zwingenberger AL, Pollard RE, Taylor SL, Chen RX, Nunley J, Kent MS. Perfusion and Volume Response of Canine Brain Tumors to Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:827-35. [PMID: 27149650 PMCID: PMC4867273 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) are highly conformal, high‐dose radiation treatment techniques used to treat people and dogs with brain tumors. Objectives To evaluate the response to SRS‐ and SRT‐treated tumors using volume and perfusion variables and to measure the survival times of affected dogs. Animals Prospective study of 34 dogs with evidence of brain tumors undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Methods Computed tomography and MRI imaging were used to calculate tumor volume and perfusion at baseline, and at 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate treatment efficacy. Results Mean tumor volume significantly declined from baseline to the first recheck by −0.826 cm3 (95% CI: −1.165, −0.487) (P < .001); this reduction was maintained at the second recheck. Blood flow and blood volume declined significantly in the tumor after treatment. Median survival was 324 days (95% CI: 292.8, 419.4), and 4 dogs survived longer than 650 days. Neither actual tumor volume (hazard ratio = 1.21, P = .19) nor the change in tumor volume from the baseline (hazard ratio = 1.38, P = .12) significantly affected the hazard of death because of the tumor. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Stereotactic radiosurgery and SRT are effective treatments for reducing tumor volume, blood flow, and blood volume. Treated dogs surviving for more than 1 year are more likely to die from other causes than of their primary brain tumor. SRS and SRT should be considered for noninvasive treatment of intracranial brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - R E Pollard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - S L Taylor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - R X Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - J Nunley
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - M S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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Dickinson P. Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities for intracranial tumors. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1165-85. [PMID: 24814688 PMCID: PMC4857954 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial neoplasia is a common clinical condition in domestic companion animals, particularly in dogs. Application of advances in standard diagnostic and therapeutic modalities together with a broad interest in the development of novel translational therapeutic strategies in dogs has resulted in clinically relevant improvements in outcome for many canine patients. This review highlights the status of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to intracranial neoplasia and areas of novel treatment currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCA
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Rossmeisl JH, Garcia PA, Daniel GB, Bourland JD, Debinski W, Dervisis N, Klahn S. Invited review--neuroimaging response assessment criteria for brain tumors in veterinary patients. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:115-32. [PMID: 24219161 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of therapeutic response using cross-sectional imaging techniques, particularly gadolinium-enhanced MRI, is an integral part of the clinical management of brain tumors in veterinary patients. Spontaneous canine brain tumors are increasingly recognized and utilized as a translational model for the study of human brain tumors. However, no standardized neuroimaging response assessment criteria have been formulated for use in veterinary clinical trials. Previous studies have found that the pathophysiologic features inherent to brain tumors and the surrounding brain complicate the use of the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) assessment system. Objectives of this review are to describe strengths and limitations of published imaging-based brain tumor response criteria and propose a system for use in veterinary patients. The widely used human Macdonald and response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria are reviewed and described as to how they can be applied to veterinary brain tumors. Discussion points will include current challenges associated with the interpretation of brain tumor therapeutic responses such as imaging pseudophenomena and treatment-induced necrosis, and how advancements in perfusion imaging, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy have shown promise in differentiating tumor progression from therapy-induced changes. Finally, although objective endpoints such as MR imaging and survival estimates will likely continue to comprise the foundations for outcome measures in veterinary brain tumor clinical trials, we propose that in order to provide a more relevant therapeutic response metric for veterinary patients, composite response systems should be formulated and validated that combine imaging and clinical assessment criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, VA, 24061; Biomechanical Systems and Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, VA, 24061
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Wittkamp G, Buerke B, Dziewas R, Ditt H, Seidensticker P, Heindel W, Kloska SP. Whole brain perfused blood volume CT: visualization of infarcted tissue compared to quantitative perfusion CT. Acad Radiol 2010; 17:427-32. [PMID: 20060748 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study determines the value of whole brain color-coded three-dimensional perfused blood volume (PBV) computed tomography (CT) for the visualization of the infarcted tissue in acute stroke patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nonenhanced CT (NECT), perfusion CT (PCT), and CT angiography (CTA) in 48 patients with acute ischemic stroke were performed. Whole brain PBV was calculated from NECT and CTA data sets using commercial software. PBV slices in identical orientation to the PCT slices were reconstructed and the area of visual perfusion abnormality on PBV maps was measured. The infarct core in the corresponding PCT slices (CBV <2.0 mL/100 g) was measured automatically with commercial software. The ischemic area on PBV and the infarct core on quantitative PCT were compared using the Pearsons-R correlation coefficient. Significance was considered for P < .05. RESULTS The quantitative PCT demonstrated a mean infarct core volume of 35.48 +/- 32.17 cm(3), whereas the volume of visual perfusion abnormality of the corresponding PBV slices was 37.16 +/- 37.59 cm(3). The perfusion abnormality in PBV was highly correlated with the infarct core of quantitative PCT for area per slice (r = 0.933, P < .01) as well as volume (r = 0.922, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS PBV can serve as surrogate marker corresponding to the infarct core in acute stroke with whole brain coverage.
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