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Cao Y, Yu L, Xiong F, Wang J, Kan X, Zheng C. Longitudinal investigation of undergraduates' radiation anxiety, interest, and career intention in interventional radiology. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10848-8. [PMID: 38904757 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the school curriculum and on-site observation of interventional radiology (IR) operations in clinics on undergraduates' radiation anxiety, interest, and career intention. METHODS Between the academic years 2021 and 2023, all of the fourth-year undergraduates were surveyed by questionnaires, which covered their pre-curriculum, post-curriculum in-school, and post-on-site view of IR surgeries in clinic. The survey included categories of gender, fear of X-ray and IR operation, interest in IR surgery, and career-pursuing intention. RESULTS A total of 333 (91.0%) respondents (111 students for three times) were included in analyses. The fear of X-ray and radiation exposure during IR procedures was reduced after taking school courses (p < 0.001), and it was further decreased after on-site viewing (p < 0.001). The association values among the three groups were 33.8% and 41.9%, respectively. The interest in IR was improved both after applying for the curriculum and after clinical exposure to IR surgery (p < 0.001). In addition, 4 (3.6%) and 12 (10.8%) students showed a sense of achievement after taking courses and on-site viewing, respectively. The association value was 49.4%. Regarding career intention, it was both significantly increased after taking courses and on-site observation (p < 0.001). Besides, 8 (7.2%), 17 (15.3%), and 36 (32.4%) students in the three groups considered IR as the preferred career choice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Applying for IR curriculum could reduce undergraduates' radiation anxiety, and activate their professional interest and career pursuing intention. Clinical exposure to IR surgeries further boosted this effect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Educational interventions of curriculum and on-site view of IR surgery improve the undergraduates' interest in IR and stimulate their career intention, which is crucial for the advancement of IR. KEY POINTS Increasing interest in interventional radiology (IR) as a career is urgent, given rising demand of services. Education and on-site viewing of IR surgery reduced radiation anxiety and increased interest in IR. Early exposure to IR is effective at encouraging undergraduates to consider IR as their career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Xuefeng Kan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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Shafiq P, Mehmood Y, Alanazi RH, Alanazi RH, Alanazi S, Alanazi RMK. Level of Awareness Regarding Interventional Radiology Among Medical Students at Northern Border University in Arar, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e58512. [PMID: 38765322 PMCID: PMC11101595 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interventional radiology (IR) is a highly specialized field of radiology that employs advanced imaging techniques like MRIs, CT scans, X-rays, and ultrasounds to detect and treat a variety of medical disorders. By using minimally invasive procedures, interventional radiologists can access the body's internal organs and tissues with minimal discomfort and reduced risks compared to traditional surgical techniques. Some common IR procedures include angioplasty, embolization, biopsy, and stent placement, among others. Overall, IR is an innovative and effective approach to medical care that offers numerous benefits to patients. As this specialty expands, there is a huge demand for increasing staff. However, due to a lack of awareness, this increased demand could not be fulfilled. Objective The objective is to assess medical students' knowledge regarding IR and compare this knowledge between male and female students. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at Northern Border University's College of Medicine in Arar, Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to assess the medical students' knowledge of IR. All students enrolled in the clinical years at Northern Border University were included in the study, and a self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect data. The minimum sample size required was 169. Appropriate statistical analysis was applied to the collected data, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results One hundred and seventy-two participants in all who met the inclusion criteria answered the study's questionnaire. The fourth-year students represented the highest percentage of the sample, with 65 participants (37.8%), followed by 54 (31.4%) fifth-year students and 53 (30.8%) sixth-year students. The study found that 66 participants (38.4%) rated their knowledge of IR as adequate, while only 8 (4.7%) considered it excellent. The participants' self-rated knowledge of IR did not significantly differ across male and female groups. Conclusion The study's findings suggest that medical students have limited knowledge of IR and that there is no discernible difference in the knowledge and interest of males and females in this subject. Further research and targeted educational interventions may be necessary to improve the medical students' overall knowledge and interest in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakeeza Shafiq
- Department of Surgery, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | - Yasir Mehmood
- Department of Surgery, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | | | | | - Saja Alanazi
- College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
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Altin SE, Kwong M, Hamburg NM, Creager MA, Banerjee S, Oladini L, Schneider MD, Ruddy JM. Addressing Barriers to Entry and Retention of Women in Interventional Vascular Specialties With Proposed Solutions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e986-e995. [PMID: 38375663 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Representation of women in interventional vascular fields (interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, and vascular surgery) lags behind that in other specialties. With women representing half of all medical school graduates, encouraging parity of women in these fields needs to start in medical school. Barriers to pursuing careers in vascular intervention include insufficient exposure during core clerkships, early mentorship, visibility of women in the field, length of training, lifestyle considerations, work culture and environment, and concerns about radiation exposure. This scientific statement highlights potential solutions for both the real and perceived barriers that women may face in pursuing careers in vascular intervention, including streamlining of training (as both interventional radiology and vascular surgery have done with a resultant increase in percentage of women trainees), standardization of institutional promotion of women in leadership, and professional and industry partnerships for the retention and advancement of women.
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Medema AM, Goins SM, Maxfield CM, Grimm LJ, French RJ, Martin JG. Medical student perspectives on radiology subspecialties prior to core clerkship. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:239-242. [PMID: 37891084 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Radiology remains underrepresented in U.S. medical school clinical curricula, and preconceived opinions about the field may impact whether students pursue elective exposure. A core radiology clerkship at one academic institution presents an opportunity to evaluate students' early preferences for different radiology subspecialties, thus informing curricular design and inspiring student recruitment. MATERIALS AND METHODS At a single allopathic medical school, a required, four-week, clinical-year radiology clerkship that occurs in the second year includes immersive one-week experiences in two subspecialties. Prior to their clerkship, students rank their immersion preferences by distributing 100 points across eight fields, the values of which were analyzed as a proxy for interest. A secondary survey was distributed to active first- and second-year medical students to further investigate the factors drawing them to radiology. RESULTS Immersive experiences in musculoskeletal, body, and breast imaging were most preferred, earning ≥20 points from 41.6 %, 34.3 %, and 31.9 % of students, respectively. Women were significantly more likely than men to express interest in breast imaging (35.8 % vs. 24.8 %, p = 0.037) and pediatric radiology (28.8 % vs. 12.8 %, p = 0.001). Men were significantly more likely than women to prefer body imaging (41.9 % vs. 30.2 %, p = 0.034), neuroradiology (29.1 % vs. 19.5 %, p = 0.048), and nuclear medicine (11.1 % vs. 5.1 %, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION Early in their clinical education, medical students prefer certain subspecialties, especially musculoskeletal, body, and breast imaging. Women expressed significantly stronger interest in breast imaging and pediatric radiology, while men indicated significantly stronger interest in body imaging, neuroradiology, and nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Medema
- Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stacy M Goins
- Duke University School of Medicine, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles M Maxfield
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert J French
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan G Martin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Alali MA, Alkhaldi WF, Abdulhamid Alaskar A, Mohammed Alhamad A, Abdulrahman A Alhassan S, Alsaid AF, Yousef Alsuwayyid R, Shujaa M Almutairi F, Abdulkareem Alharbi Y. Awareness of Interventional Radiology Among Medical Students at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e52974. [PMID: 38406000 PMCID: PMC10894449 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventional radiology (IR) is a medical specialty that employs imaging techniques such as X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI to guide minimally invasive procedures for diagnosing and treating a variety of medical disorders. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the level of IR awareness among medical students at Majmaah University. METHODS The cross-sectional investigation was carried out among the medical students at Majmaah University in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire that had been pretested was used to gather the data. SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used to analyze the data. The chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS There were 202 students who participated in this study, and among them, the majority were males, 126 (62.4%), and the majority of them were pre-clinical students, 105 (52.0%). Knowledge of routinely performed procedures by IR (only by a radiologist) was assessed; 116 (57.4%) of them responded with paracontinuous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 105 (52.0%) with central venous access, and 100 (49.5%) with lower arterial limp percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, which are routinely performed procedures by the radiologists. There was no significant difference in knowledge levels between genders. CONCLUSION Increasing awareness of IR among medical students is essential to improving patient outcomes and addressing healthcare challenges. Efforts to educate and expand access to IR services must be prioritized to ensure that medical students receive a comprehensive education and that patients receive the highest quality care possible.
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Cheng JL, Park LS, Dibble EH, Baird GL, George PF, Ahn SH. Diversity in interventional radiology: Survey of medical student interest with focus on women and members of underrepresented in medicine racial and ethnic groups. Clin Imaging 2023; 103:109964. [PMID: 37778188 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess: 1) the percentage of female and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) medical students interested in interventional radiology (IR), and 2) the motivations for and deterrents from IR for female and URiM students. METHODS The study was IRB exempt. Data from a 19-item survey sent to 5 US medical schools were collected from 10/2018-01/2019 using REDCap and analyzed with SAS GLIMMIX. RESULTS 16% (56/346) of women and 27% (69/258) of men strongly considered IR. 21% (19/89) of URiM versus 21% (105/508) of non-URiM students, p = .88, seriously considered IR. On a 0-to-4 scale (0 = not a motivator, 4 = strong motivator), women rated "Female mentorship" "2.5" versus males' "0.4", p < .0001, independent of IR interest URiM students uninterested in IR rated "Lack of ethnic diversity in training""2.3" versus "1.2" for IR-interested URiM, p < .01. 18% (9/50) of IR-interested women reported adequate gender-specific mentorship in IR in medical school. Of IR-interested URiM students 5% (1/19) reported adequate ethnicity/race-specific mentorship. CONCLUSION Fewer female medical students considered IR compared to males. Female mentorship was a significant motivator for women. Similar numbers of URiM and non-URiM students consider IR. Few women and URiM students report adequate gender/ethnicity/race-specific mentorship. For students not interested in IR, lack of ethnic diversity in training was a significant deterrent. Increasing numbers and visibility of female and URiM interventional radiologists in mentoring and clinical practice may improve recruitment of medical students from these underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn L Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Lauren S Park
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Dibble
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Grayson L Baird
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Lifespan Biostatistics Core, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Paul F George
- Department of Family Medicine and Medical Science, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sun H Ahn
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Hosseini SM, Talebi Boroujeni P, Dalil D, Hosseini Siyanaki MR, Golestanha SA, Gity M. Worldwide Knowledge About Interventional Radiology Among Medical Students: Findings of a Comprehensive Review. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:1641-1654. [PMID: 37798431 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this comprehensive review is to investigate the studies assessing the interventional radiology knowledge among medical students worldwide and inspect the feasible solutions for improving their perspective on this specialty. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was accomplished on PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Embase databases. The quality of eligible articles was assessed with the QATSDD assessment tool. RESULTS After screening of articles, 29 studies were included. All the included articles were published between 2009 and 2021, with 20 studies performed in 2017 and thereafter. Interventional radiologists' duties, procedures, and training pathways were the main subjects investigated in surveys. The interest and exposure to interventional radiology were also assessed. All the studies indicated that the knowledge about interventional radiology compared with other specialties is weak. In 14 studies, over 50% of participants reported their interventional radiology knowledge as either poor or none. The most reason for not considering interventional radiology residency was lack of awareness during medical schools. Studies which held a tutorial course reported the students' awareness and interest improved significantly after the course. CONCLUSION The present evidence indicates that although the current awareness of interventional radiology is low, timely didactic courses in medical schools can improve this condition significantly, lead to graduation of more oriented referring physicians, and also attract more fit applicants to interventional radiology residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parham Talebi Boroujeni
- Advanced Diagnostic Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Dalil
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
- Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Italy Street, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Masoumeh Gity
- Advanced Diagnostic Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Higgins MCSS, Sun YL, Rochon PJ. Workforce Diversity of Interventional Radiology Physicians in North America: Reflections on the U.S. Experience. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023; 74:192-201. [PMID: 36036231 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221120372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving parity in representation within the field of Interventional Radiology (IR) across women and specific subsets of minority groups has been a challenge. The lack of a strongly diverse physician workforce in gender, race, and ethnicity suggests suboptimal recruitment after, during as well prior to IR training. There is a dearth of studies which effectively characterize the national demographic trends of the evolving IR workforce. This has prevented an accurate appraisal of continuing efforts to narrow the gaps in physician workforce diversity across the field of IR. To support these needs, this article illustrates historic trends while providing contemporary data that canvasses the status of diversity within the current IR physician and IR trainee workforce. It highlights the representation of those individuals historically underrepresented in medicine as well as women. It also highlights current obstacles to achieving equity, diversity, and inclusion within the field of IR as well as existing efforts that have been employed to mitigate this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuliang L Sun
- Department of Radiology, 1836Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Rochon
- Department of Radiology, 1836Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Brady AP, Uberoi R, Lee MJ, Müller-Hülsbeck S, Adam A. Leadership in Interventional Radiology - Fostering a Culture of Excellence. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023; 74:185-191. [PMID: 35471189 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221089249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This invited article reviews the current status of Interventional Radiology (IR), in terms of its status as a speciality, and outlines the conditions needed for IR to function optimally within healthcare settings. Guidance is offered in terms of developing an IR department, ensuring high-quality practice, dealing with administrative and political challenges, dealing with industry and creating a legacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Brady
- 36860Mercy University Hospital and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raman Uberoi
- 6397Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Lee
- 57978Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andreas Adam
- Professor Emeritus of Interventional Radiology, 405987King's College London, London, UK
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Medical Students' Perspectives on IR: A European Survey from the European Trainee Forum (ETF). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:1675-1677. [PMID: 34231012 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sweeney AM, Wadhwa V, Farrell JJ, Makary MS. Interventional Radiology Education for Improving Primary Care Provider Awareness. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 51:308-312. [PMID: 34246506 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of a lecture series in increasing awareness and knowledge about common interventional radiology (IR) procedures amongst emergency medicine and internal medicine residents at a tertiary care academic medical center.A series of two 60-minute lectures was presented at both the Emergency and Internal Medicine weekly didactic conferences for the respective residency programs. The lectures covered the indications, contraindications, imaging, pre-procedure preparation, complications, and follow-up of common IR procedures, including both didactics as well as interactive question and answer segments. The first lecture included central venous access, IVC filters, and image-guided biopsies, and the second lecture covered biliary interventions, genitourinary interventions, and vascular embolization. Pre/post lecture assessments were given evaluating participant knowledge, and paired one-tailed t-tests were elucidated for evaluating differences in the mean scores.A total of 77 emergency and internal medicine resident physicians participated in assessments of the lecture series. There were significantly increased scores (P<0.001) after both of the lectures (36% to 82% on the first lecture and 44% to 65% on the second lecture), suggesting increased knowledge of the common IR procedures discussed in the lecture.This work demonstrated that educational initiatives such as lecture series implementation are effective methods to increase knowledge of common IR procedures and raise awareness of the specialty among referring providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Sweeney
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Vibhor Wadhwa
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey J Farrell
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Altoona, PA
| | - Mina S Makary
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH..
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Bahkali SA, Harbi AA, Kamili F, Rashidi IA. Perception of Interventional Radiology among Jazan Medical Students: Assessment of Knowledge and Career Intentions. THE ARAB JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context Lack of awareness among the students in the medical field is the greatest challenge to overcome in the emergence of contemporary interventional radiology (IR).
Objectives We aimed to conduct a survey among medical students of Jazan University to explore their knowledge about IR, interest in IR as a future career, and preferred methods of training in IR.
Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional, self-directed questionnaire study. The target population was all medical students at Jazan University. Surveys were sent to 600 students. The questionnaire consisted of 11 closed and open-ended questions.
Statistical Analysis We calculated the size of the sample using the Raosoft Sample Size Calculator Web site. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistics.
Results A total of 270 students responded (45%); more than half of the respondents (58.5%) were in the preclinical stage, while the rest were in the clinical stage. About 62.5% of clinical students and 66.4% preclinical students reported that their perception regarding the terminology of IR was good or excellent. Regarding the identification of interventional radiologists, 50.9% from the clinical students thought them to be radiologists and 50% from preclinical students also identified them as such.About 29.5% from the clinical students and 27.8% from the preclinical students thought them special surgeons, and 31.3% clinical students compared with 30.4% preclinical students believed they are vascular surgeons working with X-rays. About 19.6% clinical students compared with 17.7% preclinical students said they are general surgeons working with X-rays, and 48.2% clinical students compared with 45.6% preclinical students said they are special radiologists who work with percutaneous techniques. There was a significant difference (p = 0.041) in the responses between preclinical and clinical students regarding knowledge about what this medical specialty does. About 60.8% of clinical students reported that their knowledge and information regarding IR are efficient in comparison to 39.2% of preclinical students.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that the basic knowledge among Jazan medical students is poor. About half of the respondents were clinical students who understood the radiology specialty, compared with one-third of preclinical students. This could impact the student’s decision toward IR as a future career.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatimah Kamili
- Department of Radiology, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Sebastian B, Keshava SN, Lakshminarayan R. The Status of Interventional Radiology as a Specialty among Medical Students in India-Knowledge, Interest, and Exposure. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31:259-264. [PMID: 34556905 PMCID: PMC8448250 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interventional radiology (IR) is a young medical specialty where image guidance is utilized in minimally invasive procedures as a treatment option and/or as a diagnostic tool. There is an exponential increase in awareness and interest in IR amongst medical students. This trend is continuing despite lack of proportionate representation of IR in the current medical curriculum. This study aims to understand the exposure to IR as a specialty amongst medical students in India. Materials and Methods Anonymous, voluntary, online questionnaire was sent to medical students from different parts of the country. The survey comprised 15 questions regarding exposure and awareness on IR. Results The responses were obtained from 1,024 medical students from 98 medical colleges across the country, majority (57.0%) in the clinical years of their training. Thirty-six percent of them were interested in an IR career. Lack of awareness was the most (61.6%) cited reason for not choosing an IR career. Majority (57.9%) would consider IR as a clinical management option and believe that IR holds an important place in medical practice (68.4%). Conclusion There is an evident under-representation of IR in the medical curriculum. However, an increasing awareness and interest among medical students toward IR as a specialty is demonstrated. Incorporation of IR into current medical curriculum in a systematic way is the need of the hour. This would ultimately benefit a wide cohort of patients across multiple specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin Sebastian
- Division of Vascular Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raghuram Lakshminarayan
- Division of Vascular Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
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Endovascular simulation training: a tool to increase enthusiasm for interventional radiology among medical students. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:4656-4663. [PMID: 32221683 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interventional radiology (IR) is a growing field but is underrepresented in most medical school curricula. We tested whether endovascular simulator training improves medical students' attitudes towards IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted this prospective study at two university medical centers; overall, 305 fourth-year medical students completed a 90-min IR course. The class consisted of theoretical and practical parts involving endovascular simulators. Students completed questionnaires before the course, after the theoretical and after the practical part. On a 7-point Likert scale, they rated their interest in IR, knowledge of IR, attractiveness of IR, and the likelihood to choose IR as subspecialty. We used a crossover design to prevent position-effect bias. RESULTS The seminar/simulator parts led to the improvement for all items compared with baseline: interest in IR (pre-course 5.2 vs. post-seminar/post-simulator 5.5/5.7), knowledge of IR (pre-course 2.7 vs. post-seminar/post-simulator 5.1/5.4), attractiveness of IR (pre-course 4.6 vs. post-seminar/post-simulator 4.8/5.0), and the likelihood of choosing IR as a subspecialty (pre-course 3.3 vs. post-seminar/post-simulator 3.8/4.1). Effect was significantly stronger for simulator training compared with that for seminar for all items (p < 0.05). For simulator training, subgroup analysis of students with pre-existing positive attitude showed considerable improvement regarding "interest in IR" (× 1.4), "knowledge of IR" (× 23), "attractiveness of IR" (× 2), and "likelihood to choose IR" (× 3.2) compared with pretest. CONCLUSION Endovascular simulator training significantly improves students' attitude towards IR regarding all items. Implementing such courses at a very early stage in the curriculum should be the first step to expose medical students to IR and push for IR. KEY POINTS • Dedicated IR-courses have a significant positive effect on students' attitudes towards IR. • Simulator training is superior to a theoretical seminar in positively influencing students' attitudes towards IR. • Implementing dedicated IR courses in medical school might ease recruitment problems in the field.
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Agrawal D, Renfrew MA, Singhal S, Bhansali Y. Awareness and knowledge of interventional radiology among medical students at an Indian institution. CVIR Endovasc 2019; 2:45. [PMID: 32026159 PMCID: PMC6966400 DOI: 10.1186/s42155-019-0093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interventional radiology (IR) is a novel and evolving sub-specialty that encompasses image guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. With the advent of new imaging techniques and an increasing demand of minimally invasive procedures, IR continues to grow as a core component in medical and surgical therapeutics. Radiology teaching is a part of medical undergraduate curriculum; however, the medical undergraduate cohort lacks exposure to IR principles, methods and techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge and awareness of IR among medical students in a single university in India. Materials and methods Electronic anonymous surveys were sent to 350 medical students of Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, India. Each survey comprised of questions assessing knowledge and exposure to IR. A total of 70 students (20%) responded. Results 85.7% of respondents positively reported that radiologists have a role in diagnostic as well as therapeutic interventions, however, 60% of students cited a very poor/poor knowledge of IR. A larger part, 91.5%, stated that they would be interested in IR based teaching delivered as a part of their undergraduate teaching program. Those who knew at least one interventional radiology technique were 1.51 (95% CI: 1.02–2.22; p < 0.05) times more likely to be considering it as a career. Conclusion Medical Students demonstrate a poor knowledge of IR. This corresponds to a limited and inconsistent exposure to IR in medical schools. The study suggests that there is a need to deliver an IR based curriculum in medical undergraduate teaching in India. Our proposition includes introducing a regulated IR teaching in undergraduate medical education using new module designs and presenting medical students an opportunity to attend IR education days, symposiums and conferences to incite early participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepsha Agrawal
- County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington, UK.
| | | | - Sulove Singhal
- Pt Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, India
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Alnajjar SF, Alshamrani HM, Banasser AM, Alshehri HZ, Wazzan MA, Abduljabbar AH. Awareness of Interventional Radiology Among Medical Students at a Saudi Medical School: Clerkship versus Pre-clerkship Years. Oman Med J 2019; 34:420-426. [PMID: 31555418 PMCID: PMC6745426 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to assess the awareness of interventional radiology (IR) as a specialty among medical students and determine any difference between the clerkship and pre-clerkship years. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, survey-based study in February 2018 at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Five hundred and forty-two medical students were enrolled. The survey consisted of 17 items canvassing student awareness of and interest in IR. The data were compared using the chi-square test. Results A large proportion of the respondents (n = 199, 36.7%) rated their knowledge of IR as poor, and 85 (15.7%) reported that they knew nothing about IR. Only 87 students (16.1%) responded that they would consider a career in radiology. The most common reason for not considering IR was lack of knowledge (42.9%). Students in their clerkship years had more interest and exposure to IR than pre-clerkship students (73.0%, p < 0.001 and 55.7%, p = 0.030, respectively). Awareness of IR was significantly more common among those interested in diagnostic radiology and IR (65.5%, p < 0.001 and 61.5%, p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions Awareness of and exposure to IR is poor among medical students, and can only be increased by a direct contribution from IR physicians to the undergraduate curriculum. Lack of a unified radiology curriculum in medical schools across the country should be addressed by the Council of Deans of Saudi Medical Schools. Involvement of the Saudi Interventional Radiology Society and Radiological Society of Saudi Arabia is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Alnajjar
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hisham Z Alshehri
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Wazzan
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bassuner J, Duncan D, Molloy C, Makary MS, Bodell B, Assael D, Ahmed R, Vatakencherry G. Recruiting Medical Students to Interventional Radiology: Current State of Affairs. Acad Radiol 2019; 26:1274-1277. [PMID: 30733061 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interventional radiology/diagnostic radiology (IR/DR) is the newest primary specialties offered to trainees, one that medical students can now apply to directly out of medical school. However, medical students are disadvantaged in that the integrated IR/DR pathway requires early decision when often radiology rotations are not part of the core clerkship curriculum. Based upon results from a survey to Integrated IR/DR Program Directors, we report strategies being used by programs to introduce and attract medical students to IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was written touching on various aspects of medical student engagement. The questionnaire was sent out electronically to 51 IR/DR Program Directors and answers were collated by the Society of Interventional Radiology Resident Fellow Student Section, IR Residency Training Committee. RESULTS Eighteen responses were recorded from programs across the country. All programs encouraged applying to both DR and IR programs. All except one offered research opportunities (94%). The majority offered shadowing opportunities, had dedicated IR interest groups, and invited medical students to device workshops (78%). Planned informal opportunities for medical students to meet faculty and a dedicated department website were made available by most (67%). Little more than half invited medical students to journal clubs (59%). Formal medical student-faculty mentorship program and social media outreach initiatives like Facebook, Student Doctor Network, Twitter, LikedIn, Youtube, and podcasts rounded out the bottom two (50%). Importantly, respondents indicated that they were interested in hearing the results of the survey. CONCLUSION Our survey offers a snapshot of exactly what program directors are doing to address the issue of medical student recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Riz Ahmed
- Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center
| | - Geogy Vatakencherry
- Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology University of California Los Angeles
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Wang ZX, Shan T. Awareness of interventional radiology before professional training and outcome measurement of an interventional radiology curriculum: a survey of third-year undergraduates in a Chinese medical college. Diagn Interv Radiol 2019; 25:375-379. [PMID: 31358487 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2019.19054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the awareness of interventional radiology (IR) among medical students, and to evaluate an IR curriculum in China. METHODS Between the academic years of 2008 and 2016, 517 third-year medical undergraduates, who successfully applied for an IR curriculum, received a survey related to IR before taking the course. Final exams were conducted after the IR course. RESULTS A total of 355 of the 517 medical students (68.67%) answered the survey; 81.97% of the respondents had heard of IR, 40.28% believed they understood what IR is, but no one was familiar with IR. The four most common pathways for medical students to acquire IR knowledge were via new media (e.g., internet, apps) (42.82%), a teacher/textbook (36.90%), a friend (32.68%), and traditional media (26.48%). The most familiar interventional procedures to respondents were percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA, 78.59%) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE, 44.51%). The results of the survey also indicated that 68.45% of the respondents wanted to learn about IR, but that only 47 male students (13.24%) considered a career in IR. The pass rate of the IR course final exam was 87.04%, i.e., 87.04% of the students successfully completed the course and final exam. CONCLUSION The IR knowledge of medical students in China is worse than that of European medical students. We suggest that providing medical students with general information about IR in the media, as well as via teaching and textbooks in medical school, requires prompt and significant attention. An IR curriculum is beneficial for increasing the IR knowledge of undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong, China; Clinical Medical College, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Shan
- 3rd Clinical Medical College and Medical College, Qingdao University, Shandong, China
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Matsumoto MM, Tullius TG, Navuluri R. Gender-Specific Factors Influencing Medical Students' Career Choice of IR. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30:1432-1437. [PMID: 31279685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors conducted an anonymous survey to assess positive and negative factors that may affect medical students' decisions to pursue a career in interventional radiology (IR). The survey was sent to registrants for the Midwest IR Student Symposium in 2016 and/or 2017, with a response rate of 13%; male and female responses were then compared. Female and male medical students shared similar rankings of factors affecting their decisions about choosing IR as a career, such as concern about lifestyle and excitement about therapeutic applications. Access to female IR mentors and diversification of the currently male-dominated workplace were important, gender-specific concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Matsumoto
- Biological Sciences Division, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th Street, Suite 104, Chicago, IL 60637.
| | - Thomas G Tullius
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rakesh Navuluri
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Makary MS, Rajan A, Miller RJ, Elliott ED, Spain JW, Guy GE. Institutional Interventional Radiology Symposium Increases Medical Student Interest and Identifies Target Recruitment Candidates. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 48:363-367. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ramaswamy RS, Fung D, Tiwari T, Foltz G, Akinwande O, Mokkarala M, Kim S, Malone C. Factors influencing selection of an interventional radiology training program. Clin Imaging 2019; 57:30-34. [PMID: 31102780 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand factors influencing the choice and ranking of Interventional Radiology (IR) training programs among a cohort of medical students and diagnostic radiology residents pursuing careers in IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS An IRB approved, 34 question online survey (surveymonkey.com) evaluated the impact of twenty-two different factors and demographics on IR training program selection for medical students and residents. The factors analyzed included programmatic features, location characteristics, academic reputation, program size, benefits/financial incentives, emphasis on clinical care, and future job opportunities. Comparison of Likert scale responses between medical students and residents were performed by using unpaired two-sample t-tests. RESULTS 181 (145 male, 35 female) individuals responded to the survey, 74 medical students (40.9%) and 107 residents (59.1%). Medical students and residents both selected variety of IR cases as the most important and highest rated factor when choosing an IR program. Medical students ranked availability of a mentor (p = .03), inpatient consultation service (p = .003), outpatient clinic experience (p = .003), and ICU rotation experience (p < .001) significantly higher. Residents rated job placement/accomplishments of prior fellows (p = .03) and opinion of spouse/significant others (p = .002) significantly higher than medical students. CONCLUSIONS The top rated factors are similar among medical students and residents however medical students value the clinical aspects of the program (ICU experience, inpatient consultation service, outpatient clinic) more than residents. Residents placed more value on job placement opportunities in selecting an IR program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja S Ramaswamy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Interventional Radiology, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, CB 8131, St. Louis, MO 63139, United States of America.
| | - Daniel Fung
- University of Texas Houston, Department of Interventional Radiology, 6411 Fannin Street J2.254, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Tatulya Tiwari
- Endovascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lexington Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, United States of America
| | - Gretchen Foltz
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Interventional Radiology, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, CB 8131, St. Louis, MO 63139, United States of America
| | - Olaguoke Akinwande
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Interventional Radiology, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, CB 8131, St. Louis, MO 63139, United States of America
| | - Mahati Mokkarala
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Interventional Radiology, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, CB 8131, St. Louis, MO 63139, United States of America
| | - Seung Kim
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Interventional Radiology, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, CB 8131, St. Louis, MO 63139, United States of America
| | - Christopher Malone
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Interventional Radiology, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, CB 8131, St. Louis, MO 63139, United States of America
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Muzumdar S, Dayal S, Mohamed M, Sandhu S, Singh S, Walker P. Understanding the Awareness, Knowledge and Perceptions of Interventional Radiology Amongst Undergraduates in the UK. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2019; 42:1459-1465. [PMID: 31069466 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-019-02234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of interventional radiology (IR) in health care is rapidly expanding in the United Kingdom (UK). However, the presence of IR in the current undergraduate curriculum is lacking. PURPOSE This study investigates the awareness, knowledge and perceptions of IR in undergraduates through the clinical years of medical school to suggest future interventions. METHODS A total of 360 questionnaires, designed to test undergraduates' knowledge of, and exposure to, IR were distributed over a 14-day period in a UK medical institution. RESULTS Of the 312 respondents (86.7%), the majority had never formally shadowed a radiologist (65.4%) or encountered teaching from an interventional radiologist (54.5%). Most students (88.5%) felt their knowledge of IR was lower than other specialties. Students' knowledge of IR procedures did not statistically increase through the clinical years. Students were most cognisant of vascular procedures and least aware of IR's role in oncology. Only 10.9% would consider a career in IR, with 39.7% citing the lack of knowledge and 18.6% citing patient contact as the top reasons for this. CONCLUSION Current students have poor exposure to IR through the undergraduate curriculum. Consequently, there is no increase in knowledge of IR clinical practice through the clinical years. Multi-level interventions, incorporating universities and radiological societies are required to increase undergraduate awareness and promote IR as a career. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3, Local non-random sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Muzumdar
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, 10 Mansion Gate, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, LS7 4SX, UK.
| | - Siya Dayal
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Saisha Singh
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Paul Walker
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, 10 Mansion Gate, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, LS7 4SX, UK
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Emin EI, Ruhomauly Z, Theodoulou I, Hanrahan JG, Staikoglou N, Nicolaides M, Thulasidasan N, Papalois A, Sideris M. Are interventional radiology and allied specialities neglected in undergraduate medical education? A systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 40:22-30. [PMID: 30962927 PMCID: PMC6429536 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Minimally invasive interventional approaches are gaining wider acceptance with several specialities incorporating such principles. Awareness and understanding of interventional principles require efficacious education and training methodologies. We performed a systematic review to identify all available interventional speciality learning modules or training opportunities available for undergraduate medical students. We also propose a standardised framework for relevant modules. METHODS We searched PubMed and all Ovid databases with no language restriction for studies that report and evaluate interventional speciality educational modules or similar training initiatives. We followed a prospective protocol (PROSPERO registration: CRD42018110006). Internal and external validity of the included studies was assessed. Qualitative synthesis of data was performed to define performance improvement and/or motivation towards a career in an interventional speciality. RESULTS Out of 6081 records, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria, 15 of which were focused on interventional radiology. More than half of studies (9/17) were surveys where student knowledge and interest were reported as poor. 5 out of 6 studies which assessed the effect of educational interventions concluded to improved knowledge or performance. Most surveys concluded that early exposure can increase interest towards such specialities, improve knowledge and relevant motivation. CONCLUSIONS Few studies report teaching initiatives in interventional radiology and other interventional specialities, reflecting the poor relevant motivation and knowledge amongst medical students. Simple interventions e.g. introductory lectures and simulation sessions spark interest in students and also improve knowledge as proven in the case of interventional radiology. Standardisation of such efforts via a suggested framework, Strategy Development Framework for Interventional Radiology, can further optimise such outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Iliria Emin
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zeinab Ruhomauly
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Iakovos Theodoulou
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nikolaos Staikoglou
- Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Nicolaides
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Michail Sideris
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Interventional radiology in European radiology departments: a joint survey from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE). Insights Imaging 2019; 10:16. [PMID: 30758676 PMCID: PMC6375097 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To gather information from radiological departments in Europe about the organization and practice of interventional radiology (IR). Methods The European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) developed an online survey with questions that addressed the organization of IR within radiology departments. The survey was sent to 1180 addresses of department heads throughout Europe. Results There were 98 answers (response rate 8.3%) from many European nations, reflecting the situation of IR in Europe. Conclusions Five points of action can be suggested based on the survey results. There is a need to assure 24-h service of IR in all radiological departments; networking can be the solution in case staffing problems arise. To attract students, IR needs to be recognized early as a possible career option. Although IR is included in the ESR Curriculum for Undergraduate Radiological Education, this is not the case everywhere, and it must be. There is a “gender issue” in IR since the majority of specialists are male. The lack of role models is probably the main reason why women do not pursue an interventional career. It is, therefore, necessary to increase the number of women in faculty and chair positions to provide a well-balanced leadership team. The field of radiology should work towards recognition of the full clinical role of IR, making efforts to also take into account the “administrative” responsibility throughout the entire process of care for each patient treated by interventional radiologists. Additionally, those radiologists who perform only diagnostic tasks must take an active role in IR. When a situation is encountered which could be amenable to therapy with IR, the radiological report should suggest this form of therapy and the patient should be referred to colleagues in IR.
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Goldman D, Martin J, Bercu Z, Newsome J, Grimm L. Differential Motivations for Pursuing Interventional Radiology: Implications for Residency Recruitment. J Am Coll Radiol 2019; 16:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Addressing the Need for Earlier Exposure in the Medical School Curriculum with the Increasing Competition for the New Integrated IR Residency. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:1209-1210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Foo M, Maingard J, Phan K, Lim R, Chandra RV, Lee MJ, Asadi H, Kok HK, Brooks M. Australian students' perspective on interventional radiology education: A prospective cross-institutional study. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018; 62:758-763. [PMID: 30004633 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As interventional radiology (IR) adopts an increasingly pivotal role within therapeutic medicine, it is essential that medical students gain exposure to IR so as future doctors, they can fulfil the growing demand for interventional radiologists (IRs) and make appropriate referrals to IRs. Nonetheless, several international studies have reported no or little representation of IR in medical schools. Our study aims to assess the current awareness, exposure, knowledge and attitudes about IR among Australian medical students, so as to provide preliminary data on whether IR teaching in Australian medical schools needs improvement. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted via web-based and in-person distribution of a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 237 complete responses were received from approximately 1400 clinical-based students (17% response rate); 38% of respondents had never witnessed an IR procedure, 39% witnessed 1-2 and the remainder, 3-5. Few students reported adequate teaching or knowledge in IR (7% and 5% respectively). Of the 32% of the students considering a career in IR, males predominated (25% of females vs. 59% of males, OR = 0.48, 95%, CI = 0.27-0.83, P = 0.008). Most students agree that IR should be in the university curriculum (59%) and is key to improving healthcare (74%). Senior students were more likely to report adequate teaching (P < 0.001) and believe that IR teaching is important (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Australian medical students have a strong appreciation for IR despite having suboptimal teaching, exposure and knowledge in IR. In order to complement and sustain the rapid uptake of IR techniques in modern medicine, university curricula require a greater focus on IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Foo
- Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Maingard
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Interventional Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Phan
- Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reuben Lim
- Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat Central, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronil V Chandra
- Interventional Neuroradiology Service, Monash Imaging, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamed Asadi
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Interventional Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Interventional Neuroradiology Service, Monash Imaging, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Kuan Kok
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Brooks
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Interventional Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,St Vincent's Private Radiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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de Gregorio MA, Guirola JA, Sierre S, Serrano-Casorran C, Gimeno MJ, Urbano J. Interventional Radiology and Spanish Medical Students: A Survey of Knowledge and Interests in Preclinical and Clinical Courses. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2018; 41:1590-1598. [PMID: 29872895 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-018-1995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventional Radiology (IR) is a medical activity that has experienced an extraordinary growth in the medical field in Spain in recent years. However, there is a lack of visibility in the Spanish Health Administration and the University community, especially among medical students. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine IR knowledge among medical students, preclinical and clinical, in a single University in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic survey was uploaded (November-December 2017) to an online learning platform (Moodle) and sent to 414 students from second (183 PCs) and fourth (231 Cs) year of medical school. A total of 313 students of 414 (75.6%) answered the survey 142/45.4% PCs and 171/54.6% Cs. RESULTS Students quantified their knowledge between adequate (41% PCs/80.7% Cs) and poor levels (50.7% PCs/14% Cs). Most of the students suggested that interventional radiologists (IRs) should have a mixed training, surgical and radiological (95% PCs/88.8% Cs). Majority of students indicated that the professionals in charge of carrying out angioplasty were the IRs (95% PCs/83.6% Cs) and only 20.4% PCs/12.8% Cs (P = 0.165) of students chose cardiologists. Almost all of the medical students in both groups said they wanted to know more about IR (99.3% PCs/100.0% Cs), and the majority of students (100.0% PCs/98.8% Cs) said they agree or strongly agree that IR should be taught as an undergraduate medical subject. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that medical students in our University have poor knowledge of IR; however, they are overwhelmingly positive in their desire to have this subject taught as distinct curriculum in medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A de Gregorio
- GITMI (Group of Research in Minimally Invasive Techniques), University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain. .,Interventional Radiology Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Gómez Laguna 18, 50009, Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Jose A Guirola
- GITMI (Group of Research in Minimally Invasive Techniques), University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain.,Interventional Radiology Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Gómez Laguna 18, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Sergio Sierre
- GITMI (Group of Research in Minimally Invasive Techniques), University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain.,Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Hospital Universitario Austral, Juan Domingo Peron 1500, Pilar Centro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Serrano-Casorran
- GITMI (Group of Research in Minimally Invasive Techniques), University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Maria J Gimeno
- GITMI (Group of Research in Minimally Invasive Techniques), University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain.,Interventional Radiology Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Gómez Laguna 18, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Jose Urbano
- GITMI (Group of Research in Minimally Invasive Techniques), University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain.,Hospital Nisa Vithas, Pardo de Aravaca, La Salle 12, 28023, Madrid, Spain
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Friedman MV, Gould JE, Foltz GM. The Benefits of Maintaining a Diagnostic and Interventional Co-sponsored Radiology Interest Group. Acad Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Evaluating current and recent fellows’ perceptions on the interventional radiology residency: Results of a United States survey. Diagn Interv Imaging 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lee AM, Lee MJ. Teaching IR to Medical Students: A Call to Action. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017; 41:203-205. [PMID: 29086059 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-017-1824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interventional radiology (IR) has grown rapidly over the last 20 years and is now an essential component of modern medicine. Despite IR's increasing penetration and reputation in healthcare systems, IR is poorly taught, if taught at all, in most medical schools. Medical students are the referrers of tomorrow and potential IR recruits and deserve to be taught IR by expert IRs. The lack of formal IR teaching curricula in many medical schools needs to be addressed urgently for the continued development and dissemination of, particularly acute, IR services throughout Europe. We call on IRs to take up the baton to teach IR to the next generation of doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin, Ireland.
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Tan ZB, Wang HJ, Zou R, Mao XQ, Zhang J, Wang QQ, Di ZH, Lyu PH. Curriculum of Interventional Radiology for Clinical Medical Undergraduates. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:2380-2381. [PMID: 28937046 PMCID: PMC5634091 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.215344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Tan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Huan-Jing Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Rong Zou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xue-Qun Mao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Di
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Peng-Hua Lyu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
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DePietro DM, Kiefer RM, Redmond JW, Workman AD, Nadolski GJ, Gade TP, Trerotola SO, Hunt SJ. Increasing Medical Student Exposure to IR through Integration of IR into the Gross Anatomy Course. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:1455-1460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Interventional radiology fellowship website content: what is the relevance to potential applicants? Clin Imaging 2016; 40:1070-1074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Perez YV, Kesselman A, Abbey-Mensah G, Walsh J. A Glance at Gender-Specific Preferences Influencing Interventional Radiology Selection. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:142-143.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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The Introduction of an Undergraduate Interventional Radiology (IR) Curriculum: Impact on Medical Student Knowledge and Interest in IR. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2015; 39:514-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-015-1215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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King E, Chadwick N, Lee A, Keefe N, Nayyar R, Vatakencherry G. Benefits of an Informal Curriculum: Recruiting Medical Students Into Interventional Radiology. J Am Coll Radiol 2015; 12:965-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kattapuram TM, Sheth RA, Ganguli S, Mueller PR, Walker TG. Interventional Radiology Symposium for Medical Students: Raising Awareness, Understanding, and Interest. J Am Coll Radiol 2015; 12:968-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Commander CW, Pabon-Ramos WM, Isaacson AJ, Yu H, Burke CT, Dixon RG. Assessing Medical Students’ Knowledge of IR at Two American Medical Schools. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014; 25:1801-6, 1807.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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