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Jiam NT, Podury A, Quesnel AM, Handzel O. Worldwide differences in surgeon intraoperative practices for cochlear implantation. Cochlear Implants Int 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38935802 DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2024.2367309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize practice patterns of intraoperative imaging and/or functional confirmation of cochlear implant electrode location worldwide. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of otolaryngologists performing cochlear implantation was conducted between March 1 and May 6, 2023. Participants were recruited worldwide using an international otologic society membership email list and at professional meetings. Ninety-seven of the 125 invited participants (78%) completed the survey. Participants were categorized by continent. RESULTS North American surgeons use intraoperative X-rays more frequently than surgeons in Europe and Asia (p < 0.001). Otolaryngologists in Europe and Asia more frequently use no intraoperative imaging (p = 0.02). There is no regional difference between the intraoperative use of electrophysiologic instruments. European and Asian surgeons implant MED-EL devices (p = 0.012) more frequently than North American surgeons, who more frequently use Cochlear Corporation devices (p = 0.003). MED-EL use is related to less frequent intraoperative X-ray use (p = 0.02). Advanced Bionics use is related to more frequent intraoperative CT use (p = 0.03). No significant association existed between years of practice, number of cochlear implantation surgeries performed yearly, volume of pediatric CI practice, and use of intraoperative tools. CONCLUSION Intraoperative practice for radiologic and functional verification of cochlear implant electrode positioning varies worldwide. Practice guidelines may help establish a standard of care for cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Jiam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Archana Podury
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alicia M Quesnel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ophir Handzel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Shah AS, Tulk AH, Shrestha R, Buckner-Petty SA, Fox MG. Analysis of National Resident Matching Program for Radiology Fellowships: Factors Affecting Program Fill Rates. J Am Coll Radiol 2024:S1546-1440(24)00421-6. [PMID: 38719097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) is used by an increasing number of diagnostic radiology (DR) residents applying to subspecialty fellowships. Data characterizing match outcomes on the basis of program characteristics are limited. The aim of this study was to determine if fellowship or residency size, location, or perceived reputation was related with a program filling its quota. METHODS Using public NRMP data from 2004 to 2022, DR residency, breast imaging (BI), musculoskeletal imaging (MSK), interventional radiology (IR), and neuroradiology (NR) fellowship programs were characterized by geography, DR and fellowship quota, applicants per position (A/P), and reputation as determined by being an Aunt Minnie best DR program semifinalist, Doximity 2021-2022 top 25 program, or U.S. News & World Report top 20 hospital. The DR program's reputation was substituted for fellowships at the same institution. A program was considered filled if it met its quota. RESULTS The 2022 A/P ratios were 1.02 for IR, 0.83 for BI, 0.75 for MSK, and 0.88 for NR. IR was excluded from additional analysis because its A/P was >1. The combined BI, MSK, and NR fellowships filled 78% of positions (529 of 679) and 56% of programs (132 of 234). Factors associated with higher program filling included Doximity top 25 program, Aunt Minnie semifinalist, and U.S. News & World Report top 20 hospital affiliation (P < .001 for all); DR residency quota greater than 9, and fellowship quota of three or more (P < .01). The Ohio Valley (Ohio, western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky) filled the lowest, at 39% of programs (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Larger fellowship programs with higher perceived reputations and larger underlying DR residency programs were significantly more likely to fill their NRMP quota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael G Fox
- Diagnostic Radiology Program Director, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona.
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Velleman T, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Kwee TC. The radiology job market in the Netherlands: which subspecialties and other skills are in demand? Eur Radiol 2024; 34:708-714. [PMID: 37566267 PMCID: PMC10791814 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the current job market for medical specialists in radiology and nuclear medicine (NM) in the Netherlands. METHODS Vacancies posted for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians in the Netherlands between December 2020 and February 2022 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 157 vacancies (146 for radiologist and 11 for nuclear medicine physicians) were included. The most sought-after subspecialties were all-round (22%), abdominal (19%), and interventional radiology (14%), and 30% of vacancies preferred applicants with additional non-clinical skills (research, teaching, management, information and communications technology (ICT)/artificial intelligence (AI)). Non-academic hospitals significantly more frequently requested all-round radiologists (n = 31) than academic hospitals (n = 1) (p = 0.001), while the distribution of other requested subspecialties was not significantly different between non-academic and academic vacancies. Non-academic hospitals also significantly more frequently requested additional research tasks in their vacancies (n = 35) compared to academic hospitals (n = 4) (p = 0.011). There were non-significant trends for non-academic hospitals more frequently requesting teaching tasks in their vacancies (n =18) than academic hospitals (n = 1) (p = 0.051), and for non-academic hospitals more frequently asking for management skills (n = 11) than academic hospitals (n = 0) (p = 0.075). CONCLUSION All-round, abdominal, and interventional radiologists are most in demand on the job market in the Netherlands. All-round radiologists are particularly sought after by non-academic hospitals, whereas nuclear radiologists who completed the Dutch integrated NM and radiology residency seem to be welcomed by hospitals searching for a nuclear medicine specialist. Finally, non-clinical skills (research, teaching, management, ICT/AI) are commonly requested. These data can be useful for residents and developers of training curricula. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT An overview of the radiology job market and the requested skills is important for residents, for those who seek work as a radiologist, and for those who are involved in the design and revision of residency programs. KEY POINTS Review of job vacancies over an extended period of time provides valuable information to residents and feedback to potentially improve radiology and nuclear medicine (NM) residency programs. All-round radiologists are wanted in non-academic hospitals and nuclear radiologists (those who have completed an integrated NM-radiology curriculum) are welcomed by hospitals searching for nuclear medicine specialists in the Netherlands. There is a need to train residents in important non-clinical skills, such as research and teaching, but also management and communications technology/artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton Velleman
- Medical Imaging Center, Departments of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Medical Imaging Center, Departments of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Medical Imaging Center, Departments of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas C Kwee
- Medical Imaging Center, Departments of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Deng F, Moy L. The U.S. Radiology Residency Match: Update and Multidecade Trends. Radiology 2023; 308:e232064. [PMID: 37698476 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.232064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Deng
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 (F.D.); and Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY (L.M.)
| | - Linda Moy
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 (F.D.); and Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY (L.M.)
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Bluth EI, Frush DP, Oates ME, LaBerge J, Pan HY, Newhauser WD, Rosenthal SA. Medical workforce in the United States. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13799. [PMID: 36382354 PMCID: PMC9880972 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This section focuses on the professional workforce comprised of the primary medical specialties that utilize ionizing radiation in their practices. Those discussed include the specialties of radiology and radiation oncology, as well as the subspecialties of radiology, namely diagnostic radiology, interventional radiology, nuclear radiology, and nuclear medicine. These professionals provide essential health care services, for example, the interpretation of imaging studies, the provision of interventional procedures, radionuclide therapeutic treatments, and radiation therapy. In addition, they may be called on to function as part of a radiologic emergency response team to care for potentially exposed persons following radiation events, for example, detonation of a nuclear weapon, nuclear power plant accidents, and transportation incidents. For these reasons, maintenance of an adequate workforce in each of these professions is essential to meeting the nation's future needs. Currently, there is a shortage for all physicians in the medical radiology workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward I. Bluth
- Department of RadiologyOchsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Donald P. Frush
- Department of RadiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - M. Elizabeth Oates
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Jeanne LaBerge
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hubert Y. Pan
- Sutter Radiation Oncology CenterSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wayne D. Newhauser
- Department of Physics and AstronomyLouisiana State University and Mary Bird Perkins Cancer CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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Khurana A, Patel B, Sharpe R. Geographic Variations in Growth of Radiologists and Medicare Enrollees From 2012 to 2019. J Am Coll Radiol 2022; 19:1006-1014. [PMID: 35961410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze changes in the number of Medicare-serving radiologists and Medicare enrollees nationwide and by geographic region and state from 2012 to 2019 to understand variations in allocation of imaging health care services over the past decade. METHODS The number of radiologists submitting claims to Medicare was extracted from the CMS Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File Database. The number of Medicare enrollees by state was obtained from the Kaiser Family Foundation. National-, regional-, and state-level changes in rates of growth of radiologists, Medicare enrollees, and radiologists per 100,000 Medicare enrollees from 2012 to 2019 were tabulated. RESULTS The overall number of radiologists per 100,000 Medicare enrollees was 79.7 in 2012, increasing to 79.9 in 2019. In 2012, the number of radiologists per 100,000 enrollees was lower than the national average in the South (66.9; 16% lower) and Midwest (79.1; 0.7% lower) and higher in the Northeast (98.3; 23% higher) and West (88.8; 11% higher). In 2019, the number of radiologists per 100,000 enrollees was lower than the national average in the South (69.8; 12% lower) only and was higher in the Midwest (81.4; 1.9% higher), Northeast (99.3; 24% higher), and West (80.2; 0.4% higher). By state, there was a 4.2-fold variation in the number of radiologists per 100,000 Medicare enrollees, ranging from 38.8 in Wyoming to 161.4 in Minnesota (200.5 in Washington, DC). DISCUSSION The growth of Medicare-serving radiologists and Medicare enrollees was stable nationally and demonstrated tremendous variations by US region and state. These variations bring to light potential implications for patient access to care and distribution of health care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Khurana
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Bhavika Patel
- Associate Chair of Research, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Richard Sharpe
- Division Chair of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
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Wadhwa V, Vilanilam GK, Chhabra A, Bhargava P, Rehani B, Zaheer A, Jambhekar K, Ram R. A 15-Year Analysis of International Medical Graduates Matching Into Diagnostic Radiology Residency Programs in the United States. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:137-143. [PMID: 33158699 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To analyze the trends in international medical graduates (IMGs) matching into diagnostic radiology residency programs in the United States (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Resident Match Program data was accessed for years 2005-2020 and diagnostic radiology residency-specific data was extracted for US MD, osteopathic (DO), and IMG applicants. IMGs were categorized into US-citizen IMGs and non-US citizen IMGs per the National Residency Match Program. Variables collected for each year included the number of positions, number of applicants in each group, positions filled/unfilled, and fill rate of each group. Additional data for some years included USMLE Step 1 score, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2 clinical knowledge (CK) score, number of research experiences, number of abstracts/publications, and additional degrees obtained. Trends were analyzed using simple linear regression model and p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The number of diagnostic radiology residency programs increased from 203 (2006) to 212 (2020). The total number of diagnostic radiology residency positions increased from 1011 (2006) to 1113 (2020), with the peak of 1145 in 2014. The overall "match rate," that is, proportion of positions filled to positions available, increased from 96.4% (2006) to 97.3% (2020), with a brief decline to 86.7% in 2015. Among the filled positions, the proportion filled by US medical school graduates significantly declined from 89.7% (2006) to 69.2% (2020) (p < 0.001), and the proportion of positions filled by osteopathic seniors and graduates significantly increased from 2.2% (2006) to 15.1% (2020; p < 0.001). The proportion of US IMGs increased from 3.2% (2006) to 5.4% (2020), while the proportion of non-US IMGs increased from 4.4% (2006) to 9.4% (2020), with overall IMG match rate increased significantly from 7.6% to 14.9% (p = 0.009). The mean Step 1 scores of US IMGs and non-US IMGs were 238 and 237.3, and the mean Step 2 CK scores were 241.67 and 241, respectively. Cumulatively over the study period, a total of 736 US IMGs and 1051 non-US IMGs have matched into diagnostic radiology residency. CONCLUSION There is an increasing proportion of IMGs, especially the non-US citizen IMGs, matching into US radiology residency programs in the last decade. Diagnostic radiology remains a competitive specialty evidenced by average USMLE scores higher than national average and research experiences of matched candidates.
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Biloglav Z, Medaković P, Vrkić D, Brkljačić B, Padjen I, Ćurić J, Žuvela F, Ivanac G. Geographical and Temporal Distribution of Radiologists, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Scanners in Croatia. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211060295. [PMID: 34807799 PMCID: PMC8613895 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the temporal and geographic distribution of radiologists, computed tomography and magnetic resonance scanners in Croatia. In this observational study we estimated radiologists’ number per 100,000 population for 1997, 2006, and 2017 and compared private and public CT and MR scanners between 2011 and 2018. We analyzed the availability of radiologists and scanners, and the relationship between the radiological workforce and economic strength among counties. The workforce increased significantly from 1997 to 2017 and was associated with economic strength categories in 2017. In 2018, there were more CT scanners in the public sector, while MR scanners were distributed evenly. In 2011, there was similar distribution of CT and MR between sectors, while in 2018 there were significantly more public CT scanners. Counties with a medical school had significantly more radiologists and MR scanners. The high-to-low ratios per CT and MR were 11 and 8.2, suggesting inequality of health care. Croatia significantly increased its radiological workforce; however, cross-county inequality remained. Counties with higher economic strength and medical schools have better availability of radiologists and equipment. To ensure the sustainable activity of the health care system, a precise estimate of supply and demand of radiology services is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Biloglav
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health Andrija Štampar, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Medaković
- Department of Radiology, Special Hospital Agram, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dina Vrkić
- Central Medical Library, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Brkljačić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Padjen
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Ćurić
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franko Žuvela
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Gordana Ivanac
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
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Heitkamp DE, Gupta Y, Patel TY. Economic Recession From the COVID-19 Pandemic Signals Recruiting Difficulty Ahead for Radiology Residency Programs. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 49:363-364. [PMID: 32425313 PMCID: PMC7227509 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasha Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA. https://twitter.com/yashaguptamd
| | - Tirath Y Patel
- Houston Radiological Associates, Houston, TX. https://twitter.com/TirathPatelMD
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Fleishon HB, Vijayasarathi A, Pyatt R, Schoppe K, Rosenthal SA, Silva E. White Paper: Corporatization in Radiology. J Am Coll Radiol 2019; 16:1364-1374. [PMID: 31427249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Consolidation in health care has been widely recognized as having significant impact in the United States. A related trend is the corporatization of medical professional practices by companies in capital markets. Several medical subspecialties have been identified as attractive corporatization candidates, including radiology. The purpose of the white paper is to present information about the trend of corporatization in radiology. The real, recognized, and potential influences of capital investors in radiology need to be acknowledged as evolving and important considerations. Many radiologists and practices have already realized significant change as a result of corporatization. Corporatization presents significant practical, financial, ethical, and moral implications for those in and related to radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard B Fleishon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Arvind Vijayasarathi
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Pyatt
- Radiology Department, Wellspan Health-Chambersburg Hospital, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt Schoppe
- Radiology Associates of North Texas, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Seth A Rosenthal
- Sutter Medical Group and Sutter Cancer Centers, Sacramento, California
| | - Ezequiel Silva
- South Texas Radiology Group, San Antonio, Texas; UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Farmakis SG, Hardy AK, Thomas KB, Lampl BS, McDaniel JD, Bowling RH. Changes in factors influencing fellowship choices among radiology residents from 2008 to 2018 and methods that may increase interest in the pediatric radiology subspecialty. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:1132-1141. [PMID: 31165184 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fewer residents are choosing a career in pediatric radiology, which is contributing to an ongoing shortage of pediatric radiologists. OBJECTIVE To identify potential causes of reduced interest in pediatric radiology as a career given a projected worsening of a nationwide shortage of pediatric radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online questionnaire using previously published questions was approved and distributed by the Program Directors in Diagnostic Radiology to diagnostic radiology residents on behalf of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR). Descriptive statistics including means with standard error and independent t-tests were used to compare mean scores between survey years. RESULTS Nearly all of the 353 respondents (90.9%) planned on pursuing a fellowship. The majority (57.7%) identified their fellowship subspecialty before the 3rd year of residency with only 5.7% selecting pediatric radiology. Overall, 18.2% of survey respondents favored academic practice compared to 40% in the pediatric radiology subgroup. Fellowship choices were most strongly based on area of strong personal interest, marketability and area of strong personal knowledge, while the pediatric radiology subgroup emphasized area of strong personal interest, increased interaction with other physicians and enjoyable residency rotations. The pediatric radiology subgroup believed their impact on patient care was more significant than other subspecialties. Pediatric radiology job opportunities were thought to be more limited, geographically confining, and to have lower salaries than other subspecialties. More flexible job opportunities and higher demand were identified as factors needing to change before a resident would consider a pediatric radiology career. CONCLUSION The influence on fellowship selection is multifactorial. By emphasizing the favorable job market and marketability of pediatric radiology in all practice types/geographic locations, correcting perceived salary gaps and stressing the impact on patient care as early as medical school, the number of residents choosing a career in pediatric radiology may grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G Farmakis
- Department of Radiology, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Anna K Hardy
- Department of Radiology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Hulett Bowling
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
Introduction: Belgium counts 1,888 active radiologists. This is an average of 16.2 radiologists per 100,000 people, which is slightly more than the European average of 12.7 per 100,000. Feedback from recently graduated residents suggests difficulties in finding a permanent staff member position and a high demand for dedicated profiles in radiology departments. To objectify this, the Young Radiologist Section (YRS) of the Belgian Society of Radiology (BSR) performed a survey of the radiology job market in Belgium. Material and Methods: An anonymous survey was sent to recently graduated Belgian radiologists (2013–2018) and to the heads of all Belgian radiology departments. Results: The majority of the responding graduates found a permanent staff member position as a radiologist within two years after graduation and around half of the respondents even before graduation (50% in the graduates 2018 and 57% in graduates of 2013–2017). However, a small portion of the responding graduates (8%) needed more than two years to find a staff member position. Of the responding departments, 44% prefers to appoint a radiologist with extra training in one or more subspecialties. The top three of most desired subspecialties is: musculoskeletal imaging, interventional radiology and breast imaging. Conclusion: Half of the responding graduates did not find a permanent staff member position before graduation. However, >90% found such a position within the first two years after graduation. There is a demand for dedicated profiles in almost half of the radiology departments.
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Huang J, Patel S, Scruggs R, Levin D. In Pursuit of Fellowship: Results From a 2016 Survey of US Trainees. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 48:22-26. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pfeifer CM, Heitkamp DE. Point: Losing the Zero-Sum Game: It's Time to Eliminate Required Research in Radiology Residency. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 15:658-660. [PMID: 29622174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Pfeifer
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Darel E Heitkamp
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Rosenkrantz AB, Wang W, Hughes DR, Duszak R. Generalist versus Subspecialist Characteristics of the U.S. Radiologist Workforce. Radiology 2018; 286:929-937. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017171684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mohamad O, Meyer JJ. Recent Trends in Radiation Oncology Fellowship Training in the United States. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 99:539-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Herr KD, Reddy S, Krupinski EA, Mullins ME, Straus C. "Partially Matched" US Senior Diagnostic Radiology Applicants: Scope of the Problem and Implications for Applicants, Residency Training Programs, and the Academic Diagnostic Radiology Community. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2017; 47:140-145. [PMID: 28693933 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Anecdotal reports have recently surfaced of an increase in the number of US senior diagnostic radiology (DR)-bound residency applicants who did not secure a preliminary year position through the Main Resident Match (the Match) of the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), so-called "partial matches." This study sought to determine the scope of this phenomenon and address potential causes and solutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Publicly available and proprietary data from the National Resident Matching Program were analyzed from 2005-2016 to determine the number of partially matched US senior applicants, selectivity of DR residency training, availability of preliminary year positions, number of unique preliminary year applicants, distribution of preliminary year matches by successfully matched applicants in relevant specialties (DR, anesthesiology, dermatology, neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and radiation oncology), and percentage of categorical training programs participating in the Match. RESULTS Since 2012, there has been a trend toward an increase in the number of partially matched US senior DR applicants, with a transitory recovery in the 2015 Match. Although possible explanations for this increase are proposed, a definitive etiology remains elusive. Strategies to offset this phenomenon include advising perceived at-risk applicants to apply more broadly to preliminary year positions, creating more categorical training positions, abolishing the preliminary year requirement, and drawing high-caliber medical students to the field. CONCLUSIONS Although a definitive explanation for a recent increase in partial matches remains elusive, strategies exist for DR applicants, residency programs, and the DR academic community to minimize this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Herr
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Sravanthi Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth A Krupinski
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mark E Mullins
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher Straus
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Privacy, Trainee Rights, and Accountability in Radiology Education. Acad Radiol 2017; 24:717-720. [PMID: 28526512 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Academic radiologists commonly hold multiple simultaneous roles within the landscape of physician training. This paper analyzes theoretical scenarios describing relationships between medical students, residents, and physician educators in radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scenarios presented involve medical student supervision, radiology resident recruitment, and resident termination with respect to relevant ethical, regulatory, and legal considerations. Legal precedents and the medical social contract are addressed. RESULTS The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act defines a framework for the privacy practices of medical schools, but it does not confer individual rights. Resident physicians rarely win wrongful termination lawsuits. Physician educators are ethically bound to act in the best interest of society. CONCLUSIONS Courts have ruled that medicine is intended to be a self-regulatory profession. Such a power requires that physicians remain accountable to the public while providing a fair learning environment for medical trainees.
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Brower JV, Liauw SL, Reddy AV, Golden DW. Radiation oncology residency selection: A postgraduate evaluation of factor importance and survey of variables associated with job securement. Pract Radiat Oncol 2017; 7:425-432. [PMID: 28666900 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students often choose to pursue a career in radiation oncology with limited meaningful exposure to the field. We previously identified factors that were most influential to an applicant's rank list order. Here, we sought to assess if residency graduates had differing views regarding those factors. We also polled recent graduates' attitudes of the current job market. METHODS AND MATERIALS An anonymous, internet-based survey was developed and distributed to graduates of radiation oncology residencies from 2003 through 2006 and 2012 through 2015 to assess the importance of factors with regard to residency selection, training, and job securement and attitudes toward the job market within the United States. RESULTS Responses were received from 198 of 848 (23%) of those invited to participate. The respondents were divided into 2 cohorts for analysis, an "early" cohort (2001-2009) and a "contemporary" cohort (2010-2016). Respondents recalled "quality of clinical training," "perceived happiness of residents," and "sense of community among faculty and residents" as the 3 most important factors influencing the rank list. Postresidency, the most valued factors of the residency experience were "quality of clinical training," "geographic location," and "faculty mentorship." Factors that were assigned the greatest differential value in hindsight to influence the rank list included "faculty mentorship," "willingness of faculty to call employer," and "quality of alumni base." Sixty-four percent of respondents reported the job market to be difficult or very difficult. This perception was more common among contemporary graduates (P < .05). Sixty percent of respondents reported "far too many" or "somewhat too many" residency positions for the actual job needs in the United States. CONCLUSION After training, residency graduates place higher value on factors in residency that can directly improve job procurement. This finding is more common among more recent graduates, potentially a result of the perception of a tightening job market with too many radiation oncologists in training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Brower
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stanley L Liauw
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Abhinav V Reddy
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel W Golden
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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20
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Supply and Demand for Radiation Oncology in the United States: A Resident Perspective. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 97:225-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Sodagari F, Golnari P. Clinical Internship for Radiology: To be, or Not to be. Acad Radiol 2016; 23:1069. [PMID: 27209265 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sodagari
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611.
| | - Pedram Golnari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 1300, Chicago, IL 60611
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22
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Pfeifer CM. Evolution of the Preliminary Clinical Year and the Case for a Categorical Diagnostic Radiology Residency. J Am Coll Radiol 2016; 13:842-8. [PMID: 27162044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While other specialties traditionally utilizing a segregated clinical internship year have slowly progressed toward integrated training curricula, diagnostic radiology has been slow to adopt this path. The aim of this study was to analyze the trends in stand-alone preliminary clinical years as well as the shift toward categorical residencies currently being undertaken in other specialties. Advantages of mimicking the trends of other specialties and current integrated radiology programs are discussed. The perception of diagnostic radiology as a competitive specialty is explored, and the prospect of change as a recruiting tool is examined. METHODS Data assimilated by the NRMP from 1994 through 2016 were processed and analyzed. RESULTS The total number of postgraduate year (PGY) 1 preliminary year programs has remained relatively constant over the past 10 years despite a gradual increase in overall NRMP applicants. The proportion of these programs offered as a transitional year declined from 31% in 1994 to 20% in 2016. The proportion of categorical anesthesiology positions gradually rose from 43% in 2007 to 70% in 2016. The fraction of categorical neurology positions increased from 30% in 2007 to 59% in 2016. The percentage of diagnostic radiology programs beginning at the PGY 1 level has been relatively constant at 12% to 14% since 2007. Dermatology has increased advanced (PGY 2) positions while decreasing categorical (PGY 1) positions. Those matching in diagnostic radiology have performed at a high level compared with the composite NRMP average since 2007. In the 2015 match, there were 65 diagnostic radiology programs that did not fill all of their offered positions. Of the institutions housing these programs, only 22% of them had preliminary internal medicine or transitional year positions available after the match. CONCLUSIONS In response to the evolving nature of health care and graduate medical education, other specialties are gradually shifting toward curricular structures that begin at the PGY 1 level. By considering such a transition, diagnostic radiology would be well served to position itself as a valuable clinical specialty while maintaining a lesser dependence on other specialties to train its physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Pfeifer
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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