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Braczkowski A, Ochse L, Atukwatse B, Cornille O, O'Bryan C, Lindsey P, Kotze R, Gibson L, Biggs D. Long-distance swimming by African lions in Uganda. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11597. [PMID: 38988348 PMCID: PMC11236087 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Earth's most imperiled and iconic wildlife are facing tough decisions under increasing human pressure and limited resources. Swimming across rivers and water bodies filled with high densities of predators may be one such example. In African lions Panthera leo, previous water crossings (recorded in the peer-reviewed and gray literature, on film, and found using Google Search, and YouTube) have recorded distances ranging from <10 to 100 m, with some resulting in mortality by Nile Crocodiles Crocodylis niloticus. However, we observed a coalition of male lions swimming >1 km across Uganda's Kazinga channel located in the Queen Elizabeth National Park six times, and recorded this behavior on film on February 1st 2024. We speculate that three factors could be driving these lions to take long-distance swims with a high density of crocodiles and hippos Hippopotamus amphibius, namely (1) the lack of lionesses in this ecosystem, (2) intraspecific fights over territory with other male coalitions, and (3) the only other land connection giving lions access to the peninsula is a small road bridge with a strong human presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Braczkowski
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Conservation ManagementNelson Mandela UniversityGeorgeWestern CapeSouth Africa
- Volcanoes Safaris Partnership Trust, Kyambura Lion ProjectKampalaUganda
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - L. Ochse
- Rolling Label, Le Petit Provence EstateFranschhoekSouth Africa
| | - B. Atukwatse
- Volcanoes Safaris Partnership Trust, Kyambura Lion ProjectKampalaUganda
| | - O. Cornille
- Volcanoes Safaris Partnership Trust, Kyambura Lion ProjectKampalaUganda
| | - C. O'Bryan
- System Earth ScienceMaastricht UniversityVenloThe Netherlands
| | - P. Lindsey
- Wildlife Conservation NetworkSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - R. Kotze
- Wildlife Conservation Research UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordshireUK
| | - L. Gibson
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - D. Biggs
- School of Earth and SustainabilityNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
- Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, School of Public LeadershipStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
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2
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Clipp HL, Pesi SM, Miller ML, Gigliotti LC, Skelly BP, Rota CT. White-tailed deer detection rates increase when coyotes are present. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11149. [PMID: 38500852 PMCID: PMC10944704 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Predator species can indirectly affect prey species through the cost of anti-predator behavior responses, which may involve shifts in occupancy, space use, or movement. Quantifying the various strategies implemented by prey species to avoid adverse interactions with predators can lead to a better understanding of potential population-level repercussions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine predator-prey interactions by quantifying the effect of predator species presence on detection rates of prey species, using coyotes (Canis latrans) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Central Appalachian forests of the eastern United States as a model predator-prey system. To test two competing hypotheses related to interspecific interactions, we modeled species detections from 319 camera traps with a two-species occupancy model that incorporated a continuous-time detection process. We found that white-tailed deer occupancy was independent of coyote occupancy, but white-tailed deer were more frequently detectable and had greater detection intensity at sites where coyotes were present, regardless of vegetation-related covariates. In addition, white-tailed deer detection rates at sites with coyotes were highest when presumed forage availability was relatively low. These findings suggest that white-tailed deer may be exhibiting an active avoidance behavioral response to predators by increasing movement rates when coyotes are present in an area, perhaps due to reactive evasive maneuvers and/or proactive attempts to reduce adverse encounters with them. Concurrently, coyotes could be occupying sites with higher white-tailed deer densities. Because white-tailed deer did not exhibit significant shifts in daily activity patterns based on coyote occupancy, we further suggest that white-tailed deer in our study system generally do not use temporal partitioning as their primary strategy for avoiding encounters with coyotes. Overall, our study implements a recently developed analytical approach for modeling multi-species occupancy from camera traps and provides novel ecological insight into the complex relationships between predator and prey species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Clipp
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
- West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Sarah M Pesi
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Madison L Miller
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Laura C Gigliotti
- U.S. Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Brett P Skelly
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
- West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Elkins West Virginia USA
| | - Christopher T Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
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3
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Costa-Araújo R, Canale GR, de Melo FR, da Silva R, da Silva IB, de Alencar R, da Silva L, Jerusalinsky L, de Azevedo RB, Santos Júnior E, Mourthé I, Ruz EJH, Silva-Jr. J, Roos C, Farias IP, Hrbek T. A dataset of new occurrence records of primates from the arc of deforestation, Brazil. Primate Biol 2024; 11:1-11. [PMID: 39045308 PMCID: PMC11262026 DOI: 10.5194/pb-11-1-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The so-called arc of deforestation is a major agricultural and industrial frontier in southern Amazonia and northern Cerrado of Brazil. As arboreal mammals, the primates in this region are therefore threatened by forest loss and fragmentation. At the same time, knowledge about the taxonomic diversity and distribution ranges of these taxa is incomplete, which might hamper efficient conservation measurements. New species have been recently discovered in this region, and their ranges remain imprecise because only a few occurrence records are available for each species. Here we present 192 new records of 22 species and subspecies of Alouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Leontocebus, Pithecia, Plecturocebus, Saimiri, and Sapajus, collected in 56 different localities during 10 field expeditions across the arc of deforestation between 2015 and 2018. Based on these new records, we extend the ranges of Alouatta puruensis, Ateles chamek, and Saimiri collinsi; identify potential hybridization zones between A. puruensis and A. discolor, and between At. chamek and At. marginatus; redefine the range of Plecturocebus moloch; and clarify the ranges of P. baptista and P. hoffmannsi. Moreover, these results and the dataset are valuable for further research on, for example, species distribution and habitat use modeling, for assessing species extinction risks, and for supporting efforts for the conservation of species increasingly threatened on a global deforestation frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa-Araújo
- Primates Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Canale
- Sinop Applied Ecology Group, Centre of Biodiversity Studies of the Southern Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, 78556-706, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivan Batista da Silva
- Amazon Marmosets Project, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Luciano Ferreira da Silva
- Sinop Applied Ecology Group, Centre of Biodiversity Studies of the Southern Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, 78556-706, Brazil
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Cabedelo, 58108-012, Brazil
| | - Renata Bocorny de Azevedo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Cabedelo, 58108-012, Brazil
| | | | - Italo Mourthé
- Biology and Conservation of Primates Research Group, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, 69553-225, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christian Roos
- Primates Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, United States
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4
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Duarte HOB, Carvalho WD, de Toledo JJ, Rosalino LM. Big cats like water: occupancy patterns of jaguar in a unique and insular Brazilian Amazon ecosystem. MAMMAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-023-00681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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5
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Effects of camera trap placement on photo rates of jaguars, their prey, and competitors in northwestern Costa Rica. WILDLIFE SOC B 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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6
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Jaguars in the matrix: population, prey abundance and land-cover change in a fragmented landscape in western Mexico. ORYX 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605321001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation threatens biodiversity worldwide, particularly affecting large-bodied species that require vast territories and move across long distances, including most large felids. The jaguar Panthera onca has lost more than half of its habitat throughout its range and its subpopulations are becoming isolated, making them susceptible to local extinction. Knowledge about the status of its subpopulations in highly fragmented environments is lacking but urgently needed. Using camera traps during 2019–2020, we estimated number of individuals, age classes and sex ratio, occupancy, relative abundance and density of jaguars in Nayarit, western Mexico. We also determined the relative abundance of potential prey and estimated the land-cover change rate during 1999–2019, using GIS. We found that a resident subpopulation of five adult females, two adult males and one cub, at a high density (5.3 individuals/100 km2), is supported by at least 14 wild prey species. Natural habitat in the area is rapidly decreasing because of expanding agriculture and shrimp farming: agricultural areas increased from 39 to 50% and mangroves decreased from 35 to 26% of the study area over 20 years. The high jaguar population density and the diversity and relative abundance of remaining wild prey are remarkable, considering that natural habitat in the area is highly fragmented, shrinking rapidly and embedded in a matrix of human-dominated land-cover types. Effective conservation actions are needed urgently, including the protection of patches with native vegetation, reforestation to maintain connectivity between these patches, and the involvement of local communities.
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Friedeberg-Gutiérrez DB, López-González CA, Lara-Díaz NE, MacKenzie D, Jesús-de la Cruz A, Juárez-Lopez R, Hidalgo-Mihart M. Landscape patterns in the occupancy of jaguars ( Panthera onca) and their primary prey species in a disturbed region of the Selva Maya in Mexico. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to prioritize the conservation and management efforts to protect jaguars (Panthera onca), it is of utmost importance to determine their tolerance in face of human disturbances, habitat modifications and varying degrees of prey availability. We assessed the occupancy probability of jaguars and five of their most common prey species throughout a heterogeneous landscape in the Selva Maya in southern Mexico: armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), coati (Nasua narica), paca (Cuniculus paca), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu). Additionally, we projected prey and Jaguar occupancies onto a 5993 km2 landscape based on the habitat type in the area. We averaged the best prey models ranked by QAICc and found that white-tailed deer had the highest average occupancy probability of 0.72 ± 0.06 and paca the lowest with 0.14 ± 0.04. The average occupancy probability for jaguars was 0.35 ± 0.07 and the strongest predictor of jaguar occupancy was a positive effect of collared peccary occupancy. These findings support previous studies that show that predator distribution is largely influenced by their prey availability, even in the midst of degraded habitats, and underlies the essential need to incorporate protection plans for prey species in jaguar conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana B. Friedeberg-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro , Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP. 76230 , Querétaro , Mexico
- Panthera México , Stirling Dickinson #27 , col San Antonio San Miguel de Allende , 37750 Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Carlos A. López-González
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro , Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP. 76230 , Querétaro , Mexico
| | - Nalleli E. Lara-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro , Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP. 76230 , Querétaro , Mexico
| | - Darryl MacKenzie
- Proteus Wildlife Research Consultants , PO Box 5193 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Alejandro Jesús-de la Cruz
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco , Villahermosa , Mexico
| | - Rugieri Juárez-Lopez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco , Villahermosa , Mexico
| | - Mircea Hidalgo-Mihart
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco , Villahermosa , Mexico
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8
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Calderón AP, Louvrier J, Planillo A, Araya‐Gamboa D, Arroyo‐Arce S, Barrantes‐Núñez M, Carazo‐Salazar J, Corrales‐Gutiérrez D, Doncaster CP, Foster R, García MJ, Garcia‐Anleu R, Harmsen B, Hernández‐Potosme S, Leonardo R, Trigueros DM, McNab R, Meyer N, Moreno R, Salom‐Pérez R, Sauma Rossi A, Thomson I, Thornton D, Urbina Y, Grimm V, Kramer‐Schadt S. Occupancy models reveal potential of conservation prioritization for Central American jaguars. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Calderón
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - J Louvrier
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Department of Ecology Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - A Planillo
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
| | | | - S Arroyo‐Arce
- Coastal Jaguar Conservation Santo Domingo Heredia Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - C P Doncaster
- School of Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | | | - M J García
- Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas San Carlos University Guatemala Guatemala
| | | | - B Harmsen
- Panthera New York NY USA
- Environmental Research Institute University of Belize Belmopan Belize
| | | | - R Leonardo
- Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas San Carlos University Guatemala Guatemala
| | | | - R McNab
- Wildlife Conservation Society Flores Guatemala
| | - N Meyer
- Fundación Yaguará Panama Clayton Panama
- Conservation Science Research Group The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - R Moreno
- Fundación Yaguará Panama Clayton Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panamá City Panamá
| | | | | | - I Thomson
- Coastal Jaguar Conservation Santo Domingo Heredia Costa Rica
| | - D Thornton
- School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | | | - V Grimm
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - S Kramer‐Schadt
- Department of Ecological Dynamics Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
- Department of Ecology Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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Duarte HOB, Boron V, Carvalho WD, de Toledo JJ. Amazon islands as predator refugia: jaguar density and temporal activity in Maracá-Jipioca. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Limited space on islands usually cannot sustain stable populations of large predators. However, jaguars, the largest cat species in the Americas, unexpectedly occur in the Estação Ecológica Maracá-Jipioca reserve, a system of continental Amazonian islands in the Atlantic Ocean. We investigated jaguar population structure, density, and activity patterns. We placed 25 camera-trap stations across 149.19 km2 and used spatially explicit capture–recapture to estimate density, and Rayleigh’s test to assess activity patterns. We identified 21 individuals (12 females, six males, and three cubs) and estimated an adult density of 6.7 individuals per 100 km2, which equals a population of approximately 43 jaguars. The population is composed mostly of females (66%) in relation to males (33%). Male and female activity patterns overlapped and showed more activity during daytime. The high jaguar density and the presence of females with cubs indicate that these islands are likely natural refugia for jaguars, reinforcing the importance of this protected area for jaguar conservation and possibly challenging the paradigm that large-mammal populations are not feasible in restricted islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert O B Duarte
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | | | - William D Carvalho
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - José Júlio de Toledo
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
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10
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Abundance of jaguars and occupancy of medium- and large-sized vertebrates in a transboundary conservation landscape in the northwestern Amazon. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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Jucá T, Boyle S, Cavalcanti G, Cavalcante T, Tomanek P, Clemente S, de Oliveira T, Barnett AA. Being hunted high and low: do differences in nocturnal sleeping and diurnal resting sites of howler monkeys (Alouatta nigerrima and Alouatta discolor) reflect safety from attack by different types of predator? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Predation risk is important in influencing animal behaviour. We investigated how the choice of nocturnal sleeping and diurnal resting sites by two species of primates was influenced by the most likely forms of attack (diurnal raptors and nocturnal felids). We recorded vertical and horizontal patterns of occupancy for 47 sleeping and 31 resting sites, as well as the presence of lianas or vines on trees. We compared the heights of trees used as resting or sleeping sites by the monkeys with those of 200 forest trees that the monkeys did not use. Trees used as nocturnal sleeping sites were taller than those used as diurnal resting sites, and taller than trees that the monkeys did not use. However, while trees used as diurnal resting sites were not significantly taller than non-used trees, diurnal resting sites were located on branches closer to the ground, closer to the main trunk of the tree and in trees with more lianas/vines than nocturnal sleeping sites. The differences in site location can be explained by the type of predator most likely to attack at a particular time: raptors in the day and felids at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Jucá
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sarah Boyle
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gitana Cavalcanti
- Department of Ecology, Conservation and Wildlife Management, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cavalcante
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Pavel Tomanek
- Department of Animal Science and Ethology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Salatiel Clemente
- Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Acre, Brazil
| | - Tadeu de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Maranhão State University (UEMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Adrian A Barnett
- Amazonian Mammals Research Group, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Zoology Department, Amazonas Federal University (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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12
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Cowan MA, Dunlop JA, Turner JM, Moore HA, Nimmo DG. Artificial refuges to combat habitat loss for an endangered marsupial predator: How do they measure up? CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Cowan
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Sciences Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales Australia
| | - Judy A. Dunlop
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - James M. Turner
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Sciences Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales Australia
| | - Harry A. Moore
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Sciences Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales Australia
| | - Dale G. Nimmo
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Sciences Charles Sturt University Albury New South Wales Australia
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13
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Figel JJ, Botero-Cañola S, Forero-Medina G, Sánchez-Londoño JD, Valenzuela L, Noss RF. Wetlands are keystone habitats for jaguars in an intercontinental biodiversity hotspot. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221705. [PMID: 31509559 PMCID: PMC6738587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural development was the major contributor to South America's designation as the continent with the highest rates of forest loss from 2000-2012. As the apex predator in the Neotropics, jaguars (Panthera onca) are dependent on forest cover but the species' response to habitat fragmentation in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes has not been a subject of extensive research. We used occupancy as a measure of jaguar habitat use in Colombia's middle Magdalena River valley which, as part of the intercontinental Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biodiversity hotspot, is exceedingly fragmented by expanding cattle pastures and oil palm plantations. We used single-season occupancy models to analyze 9 months of data (2015-2016) from 70 camera trap sites. Given the middle Magdalena's status as a "jaguar corridor" and our possible violation of the occupancy models' demographic closure assumption, we interpreted our results as "probability of habitat use (Ψ)" by jaguars. We measured the associations between jaguar presence and coverage of forest, oil palm, and wetlands in radii buffers of 1, 3, and 5 km around each camera trap. Our camera traps recorded 77 jaguar detections at 25 of the camera trap sites (36%) during 15,305 trap nights. The probability of detecting jaguars, given their presence at a site, was 0.28 (0.03 SE). In the top-ranked model, jaguar habitat use was positively influenced by wetland coverage (β = 7.16, 3.20 SE) and negatively influenced by cattle pastures (β = -1.40, 0.63 SE), both in the 3 km buffers. We conclude that wetlands may serve as keystone habitats for jaguars in landscapes fragmented by cattle ranches and oil palm plantations. Greater focus on wetland preservation could facilitate jaguar persistence in one of the most important yet vulnerable areas of their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe J. Figel
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sebastián Botero-Cañola
- Harold W Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Instituto de Biología, Grupo de Mastozoología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Juan David Sánchez-Londoño
- Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
- Fundación BioDiversa, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Reed F. Noss
- Florida Institute for Conservation Science, Chuluota, Florida, United States of America
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