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Olanlokun JO, Ekundayo MT, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO. Hexane fraction of Globimetula braunii induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:769-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Totino PRR, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Evidencing the Role of Erythrocytic Apoptosis in Malarial Anemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:176. [PMID: 28018860 PMCID: PMC5145864 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade it has become clear that, similarly to nucleated cells, enucleated red blood cells (RBCs) are susceptible to programmed apoptotic cell death. Erythrocytic apoptosis seems to play a role in physiological clearance of aged RBCs, but it may also be implicated in anemia of different etiological sources including drug therapy and infectious diseases. In malaria, severe anemia is a common complication leading to death of children and pregnant women living in malaria-endemic regions of Africa. The pathogenesis of malarial anemia is multifactorial and involves both ineffective production of RBCs by the bone marrow and premature elimination of non-parasitized RBCs, phenomena potentially associated with apoptosis. In the present overview, we discuss evidences associating erythrocytic apoptosis with the pathogenesis of severe malarial anemia, as well as with regulation of parasite clearance in malaria. Efforts to understand the role of erythrocytic apoptosis in malarial anemia can help to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on apoptotic pathways and consequently, mitigate the harmful impact of malaria in global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R R Totino
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio T Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Totino PRR, Magalhães ADD, Alves EB, Costa MRF, de Lacerda MVG, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Plasmodium falciparum, but not P. vivax, can induce erythrocytic apoptosis. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:484. [PMID: 25325923 PMCID: PMC4206708 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis can occur in red blood cells (RBC) and seems to be involved in hematologic disorders related to many diseases. In malaria it is known that parasitized RBC (pRBC) is involved in the development of anemia and thrombosis; however, non-parasitized RBC (nRBC) apoptosis could amplify these malaria-associated hematologic events. In fact, in experimental malaria, increased levels of apoptosis were observed in nRBC during lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection, but in human malaria erythrocytic apoptosis has never been studied. The present study was performed to investigate if nRBC apoptosis also occurs in P. vivax and P. falciparum infections. Findings Apoptosis of nRBC was evaluated in blood samples of P. vivax malaria patients and clinically healthly individuals living in Manaus, Brazil, both ex vivo and after incubation of RBC for 24 h. Additionally, the capacity of plasma from P. vivax or P. falciparum patients was tested for induction of in vitro apoptosis of normal RBC from a clinically healthy individual living in a non-endemic malaria region. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using annexin V staining. In contrast to experimental malaria that significantly increased the levels of apoptotic nRBC both ex-vivo and after 24 h of incubation, no significant alteration on apoptotic nRBC rates was detected in P. vivax infected patients when compared with non-infected control individuals. Similar results were observed when plasma of these P. vivax patients was incubated with normal RBC. Conversely, plasma from P. falciparum-infected subjects induced significant apoptosis of these cells. Conclusions Apoptosis of normal RBC can be induced by plasma from individuals with P. falciparum (but not with P. vivax) malaria. This finding could reflect the existence of erythrocytic apoptosis during infection that could contribute to the pathogenesis of hematological and vascular complications associated with falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Renato Rivas Totino
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
| | - Aline das Dores Magalhães
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil.
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Khan N, Pande V, Das A. Characterization, comparative genomics, and evolutionary inferences of a human drug metabolizing (NAT2) gene. Interv Med Appl Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/imas.3.2011.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The present-day genetic architecture of a species bears much significance to its closely related species. In recent availability of whole genome sequence data for closely related species, it is possible to detect genetic similarities/differences in specific lineages and infer the role of evolutionary forces in bringing such similarities/differences. In this respect, NAT2 gene, responsible for drug metabolism, is conserved across a few taxa and, thus, comparative genomic studies could be useful for better pharmacogenetic realization.
Methods
DNA sequences of human NAT2 gene were retrieved from NCBI and characterized. Comparative and evolutionary analyses were performed with sequences from four mammalian taxa and one avian taxon with different statistical algorithms.
Results
The observed genetic architecture of NAT2 gene was different across the taxa. Phylogenetic inferences revealed that human and chimpanzee are diverged recently and fowl was found to be diverged from rest of the taxa significantly. Also, gene length, microsatellites, Ka/Ks, secondary structure, and distribution of CpG islands were observed across taxa.
Conclusions
The detail architecture of NAT2 gene and its evolutionary history in different taxa show relationships with other taxa. Future population-based study in NAT2 would unravel the correlation between nucleotide changes and differential ability of drug metabolization in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naazneen Khan
- 1 Evolutionary Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Pande
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aparup Das
- 1 Evolutionary Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
- 3 Evolutionary Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
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Ding D, Wei–dong Q, Dong–zhen Y, Hai–yan J, Salvi R. Ototoxic effects of mefloquine in cochlear organotypic cultures. J Otol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1672-2930(09)50018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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