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Vivian IF, Perin PP, Amorim DBD, Benatti D, Tebaldi JH, Hoppe EGL. Helminths of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) from the Subtropical Convergence Zone of the Southwestern Atlantic. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e014522. [PMID: 36820736 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are important components of ecosystems and may contribute to the ecological aspects of their hosts and indicate the integrity of their environment. To identify the gastrointestinal helminths of the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis, 52 animals found dead on the Rio Grande do Sul coast, Southern Brazil, were necropsied. All studied animals were parasitized, and 104,670 specimens of helminths from three phyla and 14 taxa were collected. Adult specimens represented five of the identified species: Contracaecum ogmorhini, Adenocephalus pacificus, Stephanoprora uruguayense, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, and Corynosoma australe; and one of the identified genera: Strongyloides sp. Immature forms represented the other eight taxa: Anisakidae gen. sp., Anisakis sp., Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Tetrabothriidae gen. sp., Cestoda gen. sp., Corynosoma cetaceum, and Bolbosoma turbinella. The acanthocephalan C. australe was the most prevalent and abundant parasite, whereas Strongyloides sp. had the highest intensity. This is the first record of the nematode Anisakis sp., digenean S. uruguayense, and acanthocephalan B. turbinella in this host. Trophic generalist species such as A. australis can be good indicators of the composition of the helminth fauna of their ecosystems, indicating the presence of zoonotic parasites transmitted by the consumption of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itatiele Farias Vivian
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Parasitárias - LabEPar, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única - DPRSU, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Patricia Parreira Perin
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Parasitárias - LabEPar, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única - DPRSU, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Derek Blaese de Amorim
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos - CECLIMAR, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Imbé, RS, Brasil.,Setor de Patologia Veterinária - SPV, Faculdade de Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Danise Benatti
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Parasitárias - LabEPar, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única - DPRSU, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - José Hairton Tebaldi
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Parasitárias - LabEPar, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única - DPRSU, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Parasitárias - LabEPar, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única - DPRSU, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Gustinelli A, Caffara M, Scaravelli D, Fioravanti ML, Scholz T. The first new species of European Ascocotyle Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) described in more than half a century. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:327-334. [PMID: 36117855 PMCID: PMC9475428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ascocotyle (Phagicola) trentinii n. sp. is described based on adults from experimentally infected ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) fed with metacercariae from the visceral serosa of the Mediterranean banded killifish, Aphanius fasciatus (Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae), from coastal lagoons in northeastern Italy (Emilia-Romagna Region). The new species is placed into the subgenus Phagicola because of the presence of a single row of circumoral spines, vitelline follicles being confined between the ventral sucker and testes, and uterine loops not reaching anterior to the ventral sucker. Ascocotyle (P.) trentinii n. sp. differs from other members of the subgenus Phagicola, as well as other species of Ascocotyle, by the number (27–33) of circumoral spines which are 13.5–17 μm long and 3.5–5 μm wide, and by the morphology of a gonotyl which is composed of about 8 large refractile pockets. The occurrence of metacercariae in A. fasciatus indicates that the life cycle of the new species is completed in brackish water lagoons. It is the fourth species of Ascocotyle described in Europe and may be endemic to the Mediterranean region because its second (fish) intermediate host is endemic to this region. A new species of Ascocotyle (Digenea: Heterophyidae) is described from Europe after more than half a century. The new species is characterised by a unique number (27–33) of circumoral spines. Mediterranean banded killifish,Aphanius fasciatus(Cyprinodontiformes), from coastal lagoons is a second intermediate host. Ascocotyle pindoramensisfrom South America, which has no circumoral spines, is most closely related to the new species.
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Gueretz JS, Boeing M, Murasaki J, Schwegler E, Moura ABD, Martins ML. Distribution of cysts holding Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa metacercariae in tissues and organs of mugilid. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e011821. [PMID: 34495044 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa is an etiological agent of human phagicolosis. Mugilids are the second intermediate host, the first being Heleobia australis, and mugilids predatory birds and mammals are its definitive hosts. The occurrence of cysts holding A. longa metacercariae is described in mugilids with a prevalence of up to 100%. The wide geographical distribution of A. longa and its intermediate hosts coupled with the rise in the consumption of raw or poorly cooked fish may elevate the risk of human infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the distribution pattern of cysts holding A. longa in mugilids. The tissue and organ samples of these fish were processed in a domestic blender and examined under a stereoscopic microscope to identify the cysts holding the digenetic metacercariae. Of the 24 (100%) fish samples that were analyzed, 12 of Mugil curema and 12 of Mugil liza possessed cysts holding A. longa metacercariae. Digenetic cysts were identified to be present in the gills, heart, stomach, liver, intestines, mesentery, and muscular tissues collected from M. curema and M. liza. Conclusively, in M. curema, the cysts holding A. longa metacercariae were found to be distributed randomly throughout the fish body in almost every tissue and organ that was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiara Boeing
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC Araquari, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brasil
| | - Juliana Murasaki
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC Araquari, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth Schwegler
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC Araquari, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brasil
| | - Anderson Barbosa de Moura
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Lages, SC, Brasil
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Ebert MB, Fernández M, Valente ALS, Cremer MJ, de Castilho PV, da Silva RJ. Ascocotyle longa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) infecting dolphins from the Atlantic Ocean. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:347-353. [PMID: 33169307 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time the infection of dolphins with Ascocotyle longa found in the intestines of three different species, Sotalia guianensis, Steno bredanensis, and Tursiops truncatus gephyreus, which were found washed ashore along the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast. The worms were identified based on morphological and molecular data using the 28S rDNA gene and the COI gene. Specimens of A. longa from the pinniped Otaria flavescens were also analyzed. As the first isolation of A. longa from cetaceans, the present study increases the distribution area and range of definitive hosts of this trematode, and provides new molecular data to complement the phylogeny of the group in future studies, thus contributing to the scientific knowledge of this potentially zoonotic parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bertholdi Ebert
- Laboratory of Parasitology of Wild Animals, Division of Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Science Park University of Valencia (UV), Paterna, Spain
| | - Ana Luisa Schifino Valente
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marta Jussara Cremer
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Coastal and Marine Tetrapods, University of the Region of Joinville (UNIVILLE), São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Volkmer de Castilho
- Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Fishery and Biology Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo José da Silva
- Laboratory of Parasitology of Wild Animals, Division of Parasitology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil
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5
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Santos CP, Borges JN. Current Knowledge of Small Flukes (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from South America. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:373-386. [PMID: 32871631 PMCID: PMC7462800 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of around 7 million people. In this paper, a ‘state-of-the-art’ review of the South American heterophyid species is provided, including classical and molecular taxonomy, parasite ecology, host-parasite interaction studies and a list of species and their hosts. There is still a lack of information on human infections in South America with undetected or unreported infections probably due to the information shortage and little attention by physicians to these small intestinal flukes. Molecular tools for specific diagnoses of South American heterophyid species are still to be defined. Additional new sequences of Pygidiopsis macrostomum, Ascocotyle pindoramensis and Ascocotyle longa from Brazil are also provided.
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6
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Rebello KM, Borges JN, Teixeira A, Perales J, Santos CP. Proteomic analysis of Ascocotyle longa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 239:111311. [PMID: 32745491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ascocotyle longa is parasitic trematode with wide distribution throughout America, Europe, Africa, and Middle East. Despite the fact that this fish-borne pathogen has been considered an agent of human heterophyiasis in Brazil, the molecules involved in the host-parasite interaction remain unknown. The present study reports the proteome profile of A. longa metacercariae collected from the fish Mugil liza from Brazil. This infective stage for humans, mammals and birds was analyzed using nLC-MS/MS approach. We identified a large repertoire of proteins, which are mainly involved in energy metabolism and cell structure. Peptidases and immunogenic proteins were also identified, which might play roles in host-parasite interface. Our data provided unprecedented insights into the biology of A. longa and represent a first step to understand the natural host-parasite interaction. Moreover, as the first proteome characterized in this trematode, it will provide an important resource for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Rebello
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Juliana N Borges
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Teixeira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia P Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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7
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Alda P, Bonel N, Cazzaniga NJ, Martorelli SR, Lafferty KD. A strong colonizer rules the trematode guild in an intertidal snail host. Ecology 2019; 100:e02696. [PMID: 30908617 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined the extent to which supply-side, niche, and competition theories and concepts help explain a trematode community in which one species comprises 87% of the trematode individuals, and the remaining 15 species each have <3%. We collected and dissected the common and wide-ranging snail host Heleobia australis over four seasons from three distinct habitats from the intertidal area of the Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. Inside a snail, trematodes interact with each other with outcomes that depend on facilitation, competition, and preemption, suggesting that dominant species should be common. The abundant trematode species, Microphallus simillimus, is a weak competitor, but has life-history traits and strategies associated with higher colonization ability that could increase its probability of invading the host first, allowing it to preempt the rare species. Rather than segregate by habitat, trematode species aggregated in pans during the summer where dominant trematode species often excluded subordinate ones. Despite losses to competition, and a lack of niche partitioning, M. simillimus ruled this species-rich trematode guild through strong recruitment and (potentially) preemption. Therefore, extremely skewed species abundance distributions, like this one, can derive from extremely skewed colonization abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alda
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados I, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Bonel
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados I, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Néstor J Cazzaniga
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados I, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sergio R Martorelli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CONICET-UNLP), Avenida 120 s/n e/61 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin D Lafferty
- Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey at Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
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Borges JN, Lopes KC, Santos CP. Viability of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae from mullets (Mugil liza) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil after exposure to freezing and heating in the temperature range from −35 °C to 180 °C. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Pinto HA, Gonçalves NQ, López-Hernandez D, Pulido-Murillo EA, Melo AL. The life cycle of a zoonotic parasite reassessed: Experimental infection of Melanoides tuberculata (Mollusca: Thiaridae) with Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194161. [PMID: 29624583 PMCID: PMC5889065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrocestus formosanus is a foodborne intestinal trematode that is native to Asia and has been introduced into the Americas and Europe. Although there are several studies of C. formosanus in definitive vertebrate hosts (birds and mammals, including humans), and in intermediate vertebrate hosts (fish and amphibians), there is little published information regarding interaction with its transmitting mollusc. In this study we studied the miracidial development of C. formosanus using a mouse as a source of eggs. Adult parasites were maintained in water in order to develop miracidia in intrauterine eggs. Miracidia appeared at 12 days of incubation, with no hatching observed for up to 40 days. Subsequently, we placed dead C. formosanus containing eggs with miracidia individually in contact with 48 specimens of Melanoides tuberculata, and observed the absence of the parasites after 1h of exposure, suggesting that they were ingested by the snails. Of the 33 experimentally-infected snails that were alive after 84–89 days post-infection (DPI), seven (21%) shed cercariae. We detected young C. formosanus rediae in 21/33 (64%) M. tuberculata at 90 DPI. To our knowledge, this report is the first to show that, in the life cycle of C. formosanus, infection of molluscs occurs passively by ingestion of eggs, followed by a long intramolluscan phase. We compare these data with those described for other Heterophyidae, and discuss on the phylogenetic background of the pattern of miracidial development verified in these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson A. Pinto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole Q. Gonçalves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danimar López-Hernandez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Pulido-Murillo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alan L. Melo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Intestinal helminths of stray dogs from Tunisia with special reference to zoonotic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/pao.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sixteen intestinal helminth species were recovered from 271 necropsied stray dogs during a survey undertaken in Raoued and Soukra, two northeastern rural regions of Tunisia. Recorded parasites included trematodes (Brachylaemus sp., Phagicola italica, Heterophyes heterophyes), cestodes (Echinococcus granulosus, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium noelleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Mesocestoides litteratus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia multiceps), nematodes (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis) and one acanthocephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. This is the first record of Brachylaemus sp., P. italica, H. heterophyes, D. noelleri and M. hirudinaceus in dogs from Tunisia. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 5·16% of dogs with a higher intensity of infection recorded in younger animals (303 worms/infected dog). Molecular analysis confirmed E. granulosus sensu stricto as the cause of canine echinococcosis. This epidemiological study investigating the status of intestinal helminths of dogs recorded a prevalence of 98·89% and a mean intensity of 87·62 worms per infected dog and confirmed the infection of 95·14% of dogs with helminths of potential zoonotic concern. Results of this study emphasize the need to interrupt parasite transmission using preventive approaches in zoonoses control programmes mainly against cystic echinococcosis, as well as reducing transmission to other animals by regular dog dosing treatments and proper management of dog populations.
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Chai JY, Jung BK. Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2017; 8-9:33-63. [PMID: 32095640 PMCID: PMC7034020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishborne heterophyid trematodes infecting humans are at least 29 species worldwide and belong to 13 genera. Its global burden is much more than 7 million infected people. They include Metagonimus (M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, M. miyatai, M. minutus, and M. katsuradai), Heterophyes (H. heterophyes, H. nocens, H. dispar, and H. aequalis), Haplorchis (H. taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, and H. vanissimus), Pygidiopsis (P. summa and P. genata), Heterophyopsis (H. continua), Stellantchasmus (S. falcatus), Centrocestus (C. formosanus, C. armatus, C. cuspidatus, and C. kurokawai), Stictodora (S. fuscata and S. lari), Procerovum (P. varium and P. calderoni), Acanthotrema (A. felis), Apophallus (A. donicus), Ascocotyle (A. longa), and Cryptocotyle (C. lingua). Human infections are scattered around the world but the major endemic areas are located in Southeast Asia. The source of human infection is ingestion of raw or improperly cooked fish. The pathogenicity, host-parasite relationships, and clinical manifestations in each species infection are poorly understood; these should be elucidated particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Problems exist in the differential diagnosis of these parasitic infections because of close morphological similarity of eggs in feces and unavailability of alternative methods such as serology. Molecular diagnostic techniques are promising but they are still at an infant stage. Praziquantel has been proved to be highly effective against most of the patients infected with heterophyid flukes. Epidemiological surveys and detection of human infections are required for better understanding of the geographical distribution and global burden of each heterophyid species. In this review, the most updated knowledge on the morphology, biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathology, immunology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control of fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07649, Republic of Korea
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12
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Taliercio MA, Darden TL, Connors VA, Roumillat WA, Buron ID. Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, a New Intermediate Host for the Heterophyid Ascocotyle nana. COMP PARASITOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-83.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Taliercio
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston South Carolina 29412, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Tanya L. Darden
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston South Carolina 29412, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Vincent A. Connors
- Department of Biology, University of South Carolina Upstate, 800 University Way, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303, U.S.A. (e-mail:
| | - William A. Roumillat
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston South Carolina 29412, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Isaure De Buron
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, 58 Coming Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
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Montes MM, Martorelli SR. An ecological and comparative analysis of parasites in juvenile Mugil liza (Pisces, Mugilidae) from two sites in Samborombón bay, Argentina. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620151054403410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 is an economically important food fish and has been recommended for aquaculture in South America. A total of 278 fishes were collected in the spring and summer of 2009 and 2010. These fish were sorted into sample groups according to their size class. We used Bayesian statistics and 95% credible intervals for each parameter tested were calculated. Fish studied harbored a total of 15 different species of parasites. Diversity of parasite species found on Mugil liza was greatest at the S.R.C. collection site, but evidenced a lower species richness than at A.R. site. The 1st size fishes of both sites evidenced greater parasite diversity than either 2nd or 3rd size fish. Differences observed could be explained by the different use of habitat types at the two sites or differential susceptibility to infection by parasites. The dominance of D. fastigatainfluenced observed results of lower community diversity indexes. New works elucidating different parasite life cycles within juvenile and adults ofM. liza in Argentina, promise to be important for determining the risk of the parasitism by zoonotic metacercariae A. (P.) longa and use of this fish as food and an economic resource, and the possible use of mullet parasites in other promising fields as indicators of biodiversity, and/ or water contamination.
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Reprint of "An overview of freshwater snails in Asia with main focus on Vietnam". Acta Trop 2015; 141:372-84. [PMID: 25446169 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater snails have received much attention for their role as intermediate hosts for trematodes causing disease in people and animals such as schistosomiasis and various food-borne trematodes. While effective medical treatment exists for some of these diseases there is need for preventive measures to reduce transmission, e.g. control of intermediate hosts because transmission patterns are often complicated due to presence of reservoir final hosts. In order to implement control measures against the intermediate host snails with minimal impact on the freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity, a profound knowledge on transmission patterns of the trematodes is required and this is partly related to distribution, habitat preferences, and seasonal variation in density of the intermediate host species. Identification of snail species can be problematic on the basis of morphological and anatomical characters alone as some species show morphological plasticity and similarly morphological differentiation of cercariae found in snails may be difficult and this could lead to biased perceptions of intermediate host spectra and transmission patterns. In this paper, we give an overview of the snail families and their medical and veterinary importance in Asia but with main focus on Vietnam.
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Madsen H, Hung N. An overview of freshwater snails in Asia with main focus on Vietnam. Acta Trop 2014; 140:105-17. [PMID: 25149356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater snails have received much attention for their role as intermediate hosts for trematodes causing disease in people and animals such as schistosomiasis and various food-borne trematodes. While effective medical treatment exists for some of these diseases there is need for preventive measures to reduce transmission, e.g. control of intermediate hosts because transmission patterns are often complicated due to presence of reservoir final hosts. In order to implement control measures against the intermediate host snails with minimal impact on the freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity, a profound knowledge on transmission patterns of the trematodes is required and this is partly related to distribution, habitat preferences, and seasonal variation in density of the intermediate host species. Identification of snail species can be problematic on the basis of morphological and anatomical characters alone as some species show morphological plasticity and similarly morphological differentiation of cercariae found in snails may be difficult and this could lead to biased perceptions of intermediate host spectra and transmission patterns. In this paper, we give an overview of the snail families and their medical and veterinary importance in Asia but with main focus on Vietnam.
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Fraija-Fernández N, Olson PD, Crespo EA, Raga JA, Aznar FJ, Fernández M. Independent host switching events by digenean parasites of cetaceans inferred from ribosomal DNA. Int J Parasitol 2014; 45:167-73. [PMID: 25444860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cetaceans harbour a unique fauna of digeneans whose origin and relationships have sparked considerable debate during recent decades. Disparity in the species reported indicates that they do not share close affinities, but their unusual morphology has made their taxonomic identities and phylogenetic positions uncertain. Here we use sequence data to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the main species of flukes infecting cetaceans. We sequenced the 18S, 28S and internal transcribed spacer 2 rDNA of digenean species representing all known families reported from cetaceans: Braunina cordiformis (Brauninidae), Ogmogaster antarcticus (Notocotylidae), Pholeter gastrophilus (Heterophyidae), and Campula oblonga, Nasitrema sp. and Oschmarinella rochebruni (Brachycladiidae). The phylogenetic position of the taxa was estimated by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood incorporating published sequences of 177 species of Digenea. Further Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were performed with sequences of 14 Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae taxa, incorporating new sequences of P. gastrophilus. Species nominally assigned to the Brachycladiidae formed a clade that was embedded among species of the Acanthocolpidae, thus making the latter family paraphyletic. Braunina cordiformis formed a sister lineage to the Strigeidae and Diplostomidae, whereas O. antarcticus was placed within the Notocotylidae, in agreement with the previous taxonomy of this genus. Similarly, P. gastrophilus was placed within the Heterophyidae as originally described. Our results suggest a paraphyletic relationship between the Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae, mirroring the uncertain taxonomic placement of P. gastrophilus, which has been assigned to both families in the past. The digenean families involved are parasites of fish-eating birds and mammals (i.e. Strigeidae, Diplostomidae and Heterophyidae), parasites of marine fish (i.e. Acanthocolpidae) and other herbivorous aquatic birds and mammals (i.e. Notocotylidae). The phylogenetic positions of these taxa indicate that the digenean fauna of cetaceans may have been acquired through independent host-capture events, with two clades showing subsequent diversification exclusively among marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fraija-Fernández
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Peter D Olson
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Enrique A Crespo
- Marine Mammal Laboratory (CENPAT/CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Juan A Raga
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Aznar
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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Ferraz RRN, Namba TK, Nigro CA, Rodrigues FSM, Fornari JV, Barnabé AS. Comparação entre os métodos de extração de metacercárias de Ascocotyle sp (Trematoda: Digenea) dos tecidos de Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 (Teleostei: Mugilidae). CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v15i328163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nos últimos anos notou-se considerável aumento na procura e consumo de pescado, além de seus derivados. Contudo, os peixes são hospedeiros ideais de inúmeros parasitas, evidenciando a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de pesquisa para sua detecção. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a eficácia da extração de metacercárias de Ascocotyle (Trematoda: Digenea) em tecidos viscerais de Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 (Teleostei: Mugilidae), mediante duas metodologias: homogeneização por liquidificador ou por mixer. Foram coletadas 26 amostras, sendo 16 amostras de fígado e 10 amostras de tecido muscular de espécimes de M. liza. Cerca de 5g de cada amostra foram processadas pela técnica de homogeneização por liquidificador e pela técnica de homogeneização por mixer para a extração de metacercárias. Em amostras de fígado, até 46 metacercárias foram encontradas na homogeneização em liquidificador. A menor quantidade encontrada foi de 2 metacercárias, para liquidificador e mixer. Em amostras de tecido muscular, observaram-se até 4 metacercárias na extração por mixer. A menor quantidade encontrada em amostras positivas foi de 1 parasita, para liquidificador e mixer. As médias de metacercárias encontradas e extraídas, por liquidificador e mixer, de tecido muscular foram de 0,2 (±0,357) e 1,2 (±0,963), respectivamente. Já as médias de metacercárias encontradas e extraídas, por liquidificador e mixer, do fígado dos peixes foram de 24 (±15,145) e 18 (±8,246), respectivamente. As técnicas de homogeneização, por liquidificador e mixer mostraram-se eficazes para extração de metacercárias dos tecidos de peixes mugilídeos, sugerindo que podem se aplicáveis diretamente no campo de estudo, especialmente pela facilidade de realização do ensaio.
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Larval trematodes infecting the South-American intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (Rissooidea: Cochliopidae). Acta Parasitol 2014; 59:50-67. [PMID: 24570050 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Larval trematodes infecting the snail Heleobia australis (Cochliopidae) from the Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina were surveyed for two years. A total of 7,504 snail specimens was dissected and the larval stages of 15 different trematodes were recovered and examined morphologically. These larvae included four species that had previously been reported from H. australis in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina: the heterophyid Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa and the microphallids, Maritrema bonaerense, Maritrema orensense, and Microphallus simillimus. Three other species, the echinostomatid Stephanoprora uruguayensis, the microphallid Levinseniella cruzi, and the psilostomid Psilochasmus oxyurus are reported here for the first time as parasites of H. australis. Eight other trematodes found in H. australis are described and placed in the appropriate superfamilies, families or genera (Cryptogonimidae, Apocreadiidae, Aporocotylidae, Notocotylidae, Haploporidae, Renicolidae, Himasthla, and Renicola). The prevalence of the trematode taxa infecting H. australis in the Bahía Blanca estuary was low (<3%) with a single exception (M. simillimus; >20%). Microphallidae were the richest and the most prevalent family, probably because of the high abundance of crabs - the second-intermediate hosts of certain microphallid species - and the considerable diversity of gulls. Here we compare the parasite assemblage found in the H. australis from Bahía Blanca estuary with other parasite assemblages infecting Heleobia spp. and other rissooids from the rest of the world.
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Collado GA, Valladares MA, Méndez MA. Hidden diversity in spring snails from the Andean Altiplano, the second highest plateau on Earth, and the Atacama Desert, the driest place in the world. Zool Stud 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1810-522x-52-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pereira EM, Müller G, Secchi E, Pereira J, Valente ALS. Digenetic Trematodes in South American Sea Lions from Southern Brazilian Waters. J Parasitol 2013; 99:910-3. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3216.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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New records and descriptions of digeneans from the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster) (Aves: Sphenisciformes) on the coast of Brazil. Syst Parasitol 2013; 85:79-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-013-9410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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dos Santos EGN, Costa VDS, Santos CP. Does the trematode Centrocestus formosanus affect the locomotory activity of the mollusc Melanoides tuberculatus? Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:92. [PMID: 23574763 PMCID: PMC3635958 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774) (Thiaridae), an introduced gastropod mollusc with a wide geographical distribution in the Neotropics, is the intermediate host of the trematode Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (Heterophyidae). This parasite is considered to be pathogenic to humans. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the locomotory activity of uninfected M. tuberculatus compared with those naturally infected with C. formosanus. Findings The locomotory activity of each mollusc was recorded using an image analysis biomonitoring system, Videomex-V ®, to evaluate and quantify the parameters of ‘Stereotypic’ and ‘Resting time’. The Generalized Estimating Equation analysis of locomotory activity of M. tuberculatus infected with C. formosanus revealed significant differences compared with uninfected molluscs for the parameters ‘Stereotypic time’ and ‘Resting time’ with a reduction of movement. The variations in the values of the monitoring intervals recorded showed a significant difference for the infected molluscs in the case of Stereotypic time, with an irregular locomotory activity pattern, as compared to that of uninfected molluscs. The analysis of the standard length of all molluscs did not exhibit any correlation with locomotory activity, showing that C. formosanus is able to alter the locomotory activity of its snail host regardless of the standard length. Conclusions The trematode C. formosanus affects the locomotory activity of the mollusc M. tuberculatus by reducing its movement and causing it to exhibit an irregular pattern of activity, both of which are independent of the snail's standard length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Gustavo Nunes dos Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av, Brasil, 4,365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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Portes Santos C, Lopes KC, da Silva Costa V, Santos EGND. Fish-borne trematodosis: Potential risk of infection by Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Heterophyidae). Vet Parasitol 2013; 193:302-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Martorelli SR, Lino A, Marcotegui P, Montes MM, Alda P, Panei CJ. Morphological and molecular identification of the fish-borne metacercaria of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa Ransom, 1920 in Mugil liza from Argentina. Vet Parasitol 2012; 190:599-603. [PMID: 22832071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa Ransom, 1920 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Argentina confirmed by morphological and molecular studies. The metacercaria was found encysted in myotomal musculature, heart and mesentery of the mullet Mugil liza (Pisces: Mugilidae) from Samborombon bay. We provide a morphological description of the metacercaria which we identified using species-specific primers for A. (Phagicola) longa and nucleotid sequence. This worldwide parasite has been reported as one of the causative agents of heterophyiosis, an emerging fish-borne disease of humans, contracted by the consumption of raw mullet. The discovery of A. (Phagicola) longa in Argentina represents a warning of the potentially great impact of this parasite on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Martorelli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y Vectores (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional del Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 No. 584, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lobna SMA, Metawea YF, Elsheikha HM. Prevalence of heterophyiosis in Tilapia fish and humans in Northern Egypt. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:1029-34. [PMID: 20644958 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 100 Tilapia fish samples were collected from brackish water (n = 50) and fresh water (n = 50) resources, Northern Egypt, and examined for heterophyid encysted metacercariae (EMC) during the period from August 2007 to July 2008. The overall prevalence of infection was 32%; 22% for brackish water fish and 42% for fresh water fish. Significant differences in parasite occurrence among body regions were found, with muscles of the tail and caudal third being highly affected (93.4%) followed by middle third (84.3%) and anterior third (75%), while the head region had the lowest infection (21.9%). The prevalence was highest in summer season (46.4%) followed by spring (37.5%) and autumn (27.3%), and was lowest in winter (15.4%). The prevalence of infection decreased as fish size increased. Adult heterophyids, Heterophyes heterophyes, Heterophyes aequalis, Pygidiopsis genata, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) ascolonga were recovered from EMC-feed puppies. Eggs of heterophyid type were detected in 10 (13.3%) out of 75 human stool specimens from local residents. An association exists between being a female (odd ratio [OR] 1.59 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-6.04), a fisherman (OR 1.39 [95% CI 0.26-7.48]), a housewife (OR 1.24 [95% CI 0.29-6.28]), 15-45 years old (OR 2.22 [95% CI 0.58-8.53]), or aged 5-14 years (OR 1.29 [95% CI 0.30-5.58]) and heterophyid infection. Measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of transmission of heterophyids to human and fish-eating animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem M A Lobna
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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