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Herrera L, Benavides-Céspedes I, Linero JD, Posada-Echeverría D, Mendoza JA, Pérez-Doria A, Ardila MM. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): Diversity of potential Leishmania vectors in northern Colombia. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107273. [PMID: 38834157 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are critical vectors of Leishmania parasites, impacting public health significantly. This study focused on assessing the diversity of sand flies in a rural area of El Carmen de Bolívar Municipality, northern Colombia, employing rarefaction curves and Hill numbers to understand potential vector communities and inform environmental management. From January 2018 to April 2019 (five samplings), sand flies were collected using CDC light traps with blue LED in domestic/peridomestic/sylvatic ecotopes, identifying species per Young and Duncan (1994) and Galati (2003). Hill numbers provided diversity estimates across samples, while Principal Component Analysis correlated with environmental factors with phlebotomine species presence and abundance. 8,784 phlebotomine individuals were collected; 56.4 % females and 43.6% males (ratio 3:2). These individuals belonged to eight species: Pintomyia evansi, Psychodopygus panamensis, Lutzomyia gomezi, Micropygomyia cayennensis, Evandromyia dubitans, Psathyromyia aclydifera, Pintomyia serrana, and Pintomyia rangeliana; with Pi. evansi being the most abundant species (74.39 %; 6,530 exemplars). The ANOVA showed no significant differences between phlebotomine sand flies abundances across ecotopes (p = 0.018). Species of epidemiological relevance as Pi. evansi and Lu. gomezi not show a positive correlation with environmental variables evaluated, only Ps. panamensis was positively correlated with precipitation. However, the study emphasizes the need for a continuous sand fly monitoring and research to enhance leishmaniasis control strategies, highlighting the necessity to expand knowledge on phlebotomine diversity and environmental interactions to understand vector ecology and disease dynamics better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidi Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Ecología y Evolución, Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Iván Benavides-Céspedes
- Grupo Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Marinas y Ambientales (GICMARA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, Colombia
| | - Juan David Linero
- Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación Universitaria San Martín, Puerto Colombia, Colombia
| | - Daniel Posada-Echeverría
- Grupo de Investigación en Genómica y Biodiversidad del Caribe, Departamento de Biología y Química, Universidad del Norte, Puerto Colombia, Colombia
| | - Jairo Alfonso Mendoza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alveiro Pérez-Doria
- Grupo Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Educación y Ciencias, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Programa de Doctorado en Microbiología y Salud Tropical, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia; División de Investigación, Innovación y desarrollo, Pyrogen S.A.S, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Marlon Mauricio Ardila
- Grupo Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Marinas y Ambientales (GICMARA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, Colombia; Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
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Vadmal GM, Glidden CK, Han BA, Carvalho BM, Castellanos AA, Mordecai EA. Data-driven predictions of potential Leishmania vectors in the Americas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010749. [PMID: 36809249 PMCID: PMC9983874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of vector-borne diseases is rising as deforestation, climate change, and globalization bring humans in contact with arthropods that can transmit pathogens. In particular, incidence of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL), a disease caused by parasites transmitted by sandflies, is increasing as previously intact habitats are cleared for agriculture and urban areas, potentially bringing people into contact with vectors and reservoir hosts. Previous evidence has identified dozens of sandfly species that have been infected with and/or transmit Leishmania parasites. However, there is an incomplete understanding of which sandfly species transmit the parasite, complicating efforts to limit disease spread. Here, we apply machine learning models (boosted regression trees) to leverage biological and geographical traits of known sandfly vectors to predict potential vectors. Additionally, we generate trait profiles of confirmed vectors and identify important factors in transmission. Our model performed well with an average out of sample accuracy of 86%. The models predict that synanthropic sandflies living in areas with greater canopy height, less human modification, and within an optimal range of rainfall are more likely to be Leishmania vectors. We also observed that generalist sandflies that are able to inhabit many different ecoregions are more likely to transmit the parasites. Our results suggest that Psychodopygus amazonensis and Nyssomia antunesi are unidentified potential vectors, and should be the focus of sampling and research efforts. Overall, we found that our machine learning approach provides valuable information for Leishmania surveillance and management in an otherwise complex and data sparse system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri M. Vadmal
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Caroline K. Glidden
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruno M. Carvalho
- Climate and Health Program, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Erin A. Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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D'Agostino ERR, Vivero R, Romero L, Bejarano E, Hurlbert AH, Comeault AA, Matute DR. Phylogenetic climatic niche conservatism in sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) and their relatives. Evolution 2022; 76:2361-2374. [PMID: 35909239 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic niche conservatism is a pattern in which closely related species are more similar than distant relatives in their niche-related traits. Species in the family Psychodidae show notable diversity in climatic niche, and present an opportunity to test for phylogenetic niche conservatism, which is as yet rarely studied in insects. Some species (in the subfamily Phlebotominae) transmit Leishmania parasites, responsible for the disease leishmaniasis, and their geographic range has been systematically characterized. Psychodid genus ranges can be solely tropical, confined to the temperate zones, or span both. We obtained observation site data, and associated climate data, for 234 psychodid species to understand which aspects of climate most closely predict distribution. Temperature and seasonality are strong determinants of species occurrence within the clade. Next, we built a phylogeny of Psychodidae, and found a positive relationship between pairwise genetic distance and climate niche differentiation, which indicates strong niche conservatism. This result is also supported by strong phylogenetic signals of metrics of climate differentiation. Finally, we used ancestral trait reconstruction to infer the tropicality (i.e., proportion of latitudinal range in the tropics minus the proportion of the latitudinal range in temperate areas) of ancestral species, and counted transitions to and from tropicality states. We find that tropical and temperate species produced almost entirely tropical and temperate descendant species, respectively. Taken together, our results imply that climate niches in psychodids are strongly predicted by phylogeny, and represent a formal test of a key prediction of phylogenetic niche conservatism in a clade with implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel R R D'Agostino
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
| | - Rafael Vivero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellin, 050034, Colombia.,Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 050010, Colombia
| | - Luis Romero
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, 700001, Colombia
| | - Eduar Bejarano
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, 700001, Colombia
| | - Allen H Hurlbert
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA.,Environment, Ecology, and Energy Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Aaron A Comeault
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2DG, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514, USA
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Velásquez Londoño M, Stuckert AMM, Vivero RJ, Matute DR. Diversity of cave Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Colombian cave. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106515. [PMID: 35605671 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sandflies are vector species of Leishmania, among many other pathogens, with a global distribution and a variety of ecological niches. Previous samplings have found that karstic formations (i.e., caves, grottos, and folds formed by the erosion of limestone) serve as a natural habitat to sandfly species. The majority of samplings of cave sandfly diversity have occurred in Brazil and to date none have studied the species composition in a cave in the Northern Andes. We collected sandflies in the Cave "Los Guácharos", in the state of Antioquia, Colombia. The sampling was carried out during two consecutive nights in September 2019. CDC-type light traps were installed inside the cavern and in other surrounding karst systems (caves, rock-breaks, and folds). In total, we identified 17 species of sandfly from the cave and surrounding karst systems, including a new record for Colombia (Bichromomyia olmeca), and provide the first karstic reports for four other species (Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia hartmanni, Pintomyia ovallesi, and Psychodopygus panamensis). We then used the results of our survey and published literature to test two hypotheses. First, that sandfly diversity in Neotropical caves is richest nearer to the equator, and second that there is a phylogenetic signal of karstic habitat use in sandflies. Counter to our predictions, we found no evidence that diversity follows a latitudinal gradient. Further, we find no evidence of a phylogenetic signal of karstic habitat use, instead finding that the use of caves likely evolved multiple times across several genera. Our results highlight the importance of a wide sampling to understand the natural habitat of sandflies and other disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M M Stuckert
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27510, United States
| | - Rafael J Vivero
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia; Grupo de Microbiodiversidad y Bioprospección, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27510, United States.
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Ocampo CB, Guzmán-Rodríguez L, Moreno M, Castro MDM, Valderrama-Ardila C, Alexander N. Integration of phlebotomine ecological niche modelling, and mapping of cutaneous leishmaniasis surveillance data, to identify areas at risk of under-estimation. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106122. [PMID: 34480871 PMCID: PMC9017289 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Passive surveillance systems are thought to under-estimate the true incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) by two- to five-fold. Ecological niche models based on remotely sensed data can identify environmental factors which favor phlebotomine vectors. Here we report an integrated approach to identifying areas at risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis by applying spatial analysis methods to niche model results, and local surveillance data, in two locations in Colombia with differing vector ecology. The objective was to identify townships in which later phases of the project could implement community-based surveillance to obtain direct estimates of under-reporting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in one municipality in each of two departments of the Andean region of Colombia: Pueblo Rico in Risaralda, and Rovira in Tolima. Niche mapping by maximum entropy, based on published and unpublished existing locations of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) longiflocosa and Psychodopygus panamensis, and using variables on land cover, climate and elevation. Field catches were done in each municipality to test predictions of high relative probability of presence. The niche model results were included as a predictor in a conditional autoregressive spatial model, in which the outcome variable was the number of cases by township, as detected by passive surveillance. RESULTS Having rarefied 173 geolocated records, 46 of Pi. longiflocosa and 57 of Ps. panamensis were used for the niche modelling. At the national level, both species had high relative probability of presence on parts of the slopes of the three Andean cordilleras. Pi. longiflocosa also has a high relative probability of presence in the higher parts of the Magdalena valley, as does Ps. panamensis in some areas close to the Caribbean coast. At the local level, field catches confirmed that Pi. longiflocosa was the most abundant species in Rovira, and likewise Ps. panamensis in Pueblo Rico. The spatial regression showed that the incidence of ACL, according to surveillance, was positively, but not statistically significantly, associated with the relative probability of presence from the risk model. CONCLUSIONS These niche maps bring together published and unpublished results on phlebotomine species which are important vectors in Colombia. Maps of the fitted values of incidence were used to guide the selection of townships in which further phases of the study will attempt to quantify the extent of under-estimation of ACL incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara B Ocampo
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM. Cali, Colombia; Universidad Icesi., Cali, Colombia; Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación (Minciencias), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM. Cali, Colombia
| | - Mabel Moreno
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM. Cali, Colombia
| | - María Del Mar Castro
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM. Cali, Colombia; Universidad Icesi., Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Neal Alexander
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM. Cali, Colombia; Universidad Icesi., Cali, Colombia.
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Hoyos J, González R, Cuellar ME, León C. Ecology of Sand Flies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) and Natural Infection of Pintomyia townsendi With Leishmania amazonensis in a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus in Colombia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1653-1658. [PMID: 32222761 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans have influenced the epidemiological patterns of American cutaneous leishmaniasis by habitat disturbance, which has led to the emergence of new transmission foci. In these transmission areas, detecting natural infection of sand fly species with Leishmania parasites is of prime importance in epidemiological studies. In this study, we examined the species composition, spatial distribution, seasonality, and natural infection with Leishmania of the sand fly fauna in an emergent leishmaniasis focus located in Colombia. Sand flies were collected from September 2014 to June 2015 using CDC light traps located in indoor, peridomestic, and outdoor habitats within areas with confirmed clinical patients. In total, 13,488 sand flies of 12 species and seven genera were collected. Among these, Pintomyia townsendi (Ortiz) was the most abundant species comprising 76.3% of total flies collected. The sand fly richness and abundance were influenced by habitat and weather conditions. Outdoor areas harbored the greatest diversity of sand flies. Rainfall negatively affected abundance, whereas increased temperature showed a low positive effect. We detected Leishmania amazonensis parasites in Pi. townsendi for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Hoyos
- Grupo de investigaciones entomológicas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Centro de investigación en microbiología y parasitología tropical, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ranulfo González
- Grupo de investigaciones entomológicas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria E Cuellar
- Secretaría Departamental de Salud del Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Cielo León
- Centro de investigación en microbiología y parasitología tropical, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Sánchez-Montes S, Sánchez-Cordero V, Becker I, Paternina LE. Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from Veracruz, Mexico. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105492. [PMID: 32298655 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania parasites causing different clinical forms of leishmaniases that represent a serious emerging public health problem worldwide. Mexico harbours a large diversity of sand flies, yet only six species have been considered suspected vectors of Leishmania. The disease has been recorded in 25 states, where the State of Veracruz has recorded the highest number of cases with leishmaniases, although no systematic or epidemiological surveillance studies of Leishmania vectors have been carried out in the region. For that reason, the aim of this study was to perform the molecular detection of Leishmania DNA in phlebotomine sand flies collected from a humid tropical region in Veracruz. We confirmed the presence of Leishmania DNA in eight sand fly species. Sand flies with the highest infection were Psathyromyia aclydifera and Pychodopygus panamensis. This is also the first report of Leishmania DNA in Psathyromyia aclydifera, Psathyromyia carpenteri, Dampfomyia beltrani and Brumptomyia mesai. Our findings highlight the importance of entomological surveys and epidemiological studies, since they enable to determine whether sand fly species may be potential Leishmania vectors in a given area of the Mexico, as transmission dynamics can vary in the different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokomi N Lozano-Sardaneta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 06720, México
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 06720, México
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 06720, México.
| | - Luís E Paternina
- Grupo Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Carrera 14 No. 16B-32 (CP 700003), Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia.
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Sandoval-Ramírez CM, Hernández C, Teherán AA, Gutierrez-Marin R, Martínez-Vega RA, Morales D, Hoyos-Lopez R, Araque-Mogollón A, Ramírez JD. Complex ecological interactions across a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Eastern Colombia: novel description of Leishmania species, hosts and phlebotomine fauna. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200266. [PMID: 32874625 PMCID: PMC7428272 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the patterns of diversity, blood sources and Leishmania species of phlebotomines in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Arboledas, Eastern Colombia. In total, 1729 phlebotomines were captured in two localities (62.3% Siravita and 37.7% Cinera) and five environments of Norte de Santander. We identified 18 species of phlebotomines: Pintomyia ovallesi (29.8%), Psychodopygus davisi (20.3%), Pi. spinicrassa (18.5%) and Lutzomyia gomezi (15.8%) showed the highest abundance. Species diversities were compared between Cinera (15.00) and Siravita (20.00) and among five microenvironments: forest remnants (19.49), coffee plantations (12.5), grassland (12.99), cane plantations (11.66) and citrus plantations (12.22). Leishmania DNA was detected in 5.8% (80/1380) of females, corresponding mainly to Pi. ovallesi (22/80; 27.2%), Lu. gomezi (17/80; 21.3%) and Pi. spinicrassa (11/80; 13.8%). Leishmania species were 63.1% L. braziliensis, 18.5% L. panamensis, 13.2% L. infantum and 6.1% L. amazonensis. The most frequent feeding sources were Homo sapiens (50%), Bos taurus (13.8%) and Canis lupus familiaris (10.3%). This focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis has a high diversity of Leishmania-carrying phlebotomines that feed on domestic animals. The transmission of leishmaniasis to human hosts was mainly associated with Lu. gomezi, Pi. ovallesi and L. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Sandoval-Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas para la Sostenibilidad (CIBAS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aníbal A. Teherán
- Grupo de Investigación COMPLEXUS, Fundación Universitaria Juan N, Corpas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Reinaldo Gutierrez-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales e Infecciosas (GIEPATI), Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
| | - Ruth A. Martínez-Vega
- Grupo de Investigación Salud Comunidad-UDES, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Duvan Morales
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Richard Hoyos-Lopez
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
| | - Astrid Araque-Mogollón
- Instituto Departamental de Salud, Laboratorio Departamental de Salud, Norte de Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Author for correspondence: Juan David Ramírez e-mail:
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Geographical distribution of Leishmania species in Colombia, 1985-2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:278-290. [PMID: 31529815 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i3.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge of the geographical distribution of Leishmania species allows guiding the sampling to little-studied areas and implementing strategies to define risk zones and priority areas for control. OBJECTIVE Given that there is no publication that collects this information, the search, review, and compilation of the available scientific literature that has identified species in Colombia is presented in this paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, SciELO and LILACS with the terms "(Leishmania OR Leishmaniasis) AND species AND Colombia", without restrictions on publication year, language or infected organism; records of national scientific events and repositories of theses from Colombian universities were also included. RESULTS Eighty-six scientific documents published between 1985 and 2017 were found in which the species of Leishmania and their geographical origin were indicated. The species reported, in descending order of frequency, were: Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (Leishmania) infantum, L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (L.) mexicana, L. (V.) colombiensis, L. (V.) lainsoni and L. (V.) equatorensis; the last three were found with the same frequency. Leishmania species were reported from 29 departments. CONCLUSION Information on the distribution of Leishmania species in Colombia is limited; therefore, it is necessary to gather existing data and propose studies that consolidate the distribution maps of Leishmania species in Colombia. This would allow the detection of areas where species have not been identified as well as the comparison of existing parasite and vector distributions.
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10
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Ovalle-Bracho C, Londoño-Barbosa D, Salgado-Almario J, González C. Evaluating the spatial distribution of Leishmania parasites in Colombia from clinical samples and human isolates (1999 to 2016). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214124. [PMID: 30917177 PMCID: PMC6436702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, nine species of parasites of the genus Leishmania circulate in more than 20 sand fly species, putting at risk of contracting the disease approximately 60% of the population. The Federico Lleras Acosta Dermatological Center, a reference center in Colombia, has been treating patients with cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis for more than 15 years, identifying the infecting Leishmania species from different clinical samples, and recording systematically all the epidemiological and geographic information related to each diagnosed patient. With this valuable information, the objective of this work was to perform a long term and large-scale study, aiming to identify the Leishmania species circulating in Colombia from clinical samples from 1999 to 2016, and to assess their current and potential spatial distribution. In all, four Leishmania species were identified in 688 samples from 183 municipalities distributed in 28 of the 32 departments of the country, and 387 records were georeferenced, from 20 departments. The most widespread species was L. (V.) braziliensis, showing new collection records, and the species related to areas with highest leishmaniasis transmission was L. (V.) panamensis. Ecological niche models were built for the three species that had more than 20 georeferenced records, showing a potential distribution for L. (V.) braziliensis on 42% of the national territory mainly in the interandean valleys, and the Orinoquia and Amazon regions. Leishmania (V.) guyanensis potential distribution covers 36% of Colombia continental territory with a spatial distribution similar to that of L. (V.) braziliensis. There was a marked tendency of L. (V.) panamensis to be distributed in the northwest of the country occupying 35% of the national area and mainly in areas of transformed ecosystems. Species were identified in patients from areas where the occurrence of cases was unprecedented, which suggests that the distribution of Leishmania may be greater than currently known. To improve the predictive capacity of the models, we suggest incorporating, in future studies, Leishmania samples from vectors and reservoirs that have a greater dependence on environmental variables. Our results are an important tool for health systems because they allow potential areas of transmission and information gaps to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemencia Ovalle-Bracho
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta–E.S.E., Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana Londoño-Barbosa
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta–E.S.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jussep Salgado-Almario
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta–E.S.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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First record of the sand fly Warileya (Hertigia) hertigi from Antioquia, Colombia. BIOMEDICA 2018; 38:277-281. [PMID: 30184343 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i0.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The genus Warileya is one of the least-known taxa of sandflies, comprising only nine species, i.e., W. (Warileya) phlebotomanica, W. (Hertigia) hertigi, W. (W.) rotundipennis, W. (W.) nigrosacculus, W. (W.) yungasi, W. (W.) fourgassiensis, W. (W.) lumbrerasi, W. (W.) euniceae and W. (W.) leponti.
Objective: To document the presence of a species of the genus Warileya in Antioquia, Colombia.
Materials and methods: Sandflies were collected in a cavern of the Cañón del Río Claro Natural Reserve, of the municipality of San Francisco, Antioquia department, Colombia. Phlebotomine sampling was carried out using a CDC light trap during three consecutive nights in May of 2008. Taxonomical determination was based on a revision of the type material of the species and through the use of standard keys for American sandflies.
Results: Five male and two female sandflies were taxonomically identified as W. (H.) hertigi. In both sexes, the absence of setal scars in the anepisternum, proepimeron and clypeus; the presence of two transverse rows of setal scars in the tergites; and the short length of the vena gamma were notable.
Conclusion: The finding of W. (H.) hertigi increases the number of sandfly species found in Antioquia department to 64. In total, 164 sandfly species have been recorded in Colombia.
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