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Vega R, Semenas L, Krivokapich S, Degese M, Brugni N, Flores V. Advances in Knowledge of Wild Toxocariasis in Patagonia (Argentina): Toxocara canis. COMP PARASITOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1654/copa-d-21-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Vega
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas—Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Liliana Semenas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas—Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Silvio Krivokapich
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Vélez Sarsfield 563 (1281) CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Degese
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Vélez Sarsfield 563 (1281) CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Brugni
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas—Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Verónica Flores
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas—Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Cardia DFF, Bertini RJ, Camossi LG, Richini-Pereira VB, Losnak DO, Francischini H, Dentzien-Dias P. Paleoparasitological analysis of a coprolite assigned to a carnivoran mammal from the Upper Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190876. [PMID: 34105692 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A paleoparasitological analysis was carried out on a large coprolite assigned to a carnivoran mammal, recovered from the Municipality of Uruguaiana, in the western region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the Upper Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation crops out. For this, an individual sample was extracted from the specimen using an electric drill, dissociated with 10% hydrochloric acid solution, washed with distilled water, and sifted through a 500 mesh Tyler sieve. After laboratory processing, the sediment retained on the sieve was mixed with glycerin and examined by optical microscopy, which revealed the presence of 14 protozoan oocysts and three nematode eggs. The morphological characteristics of the oocysts (i.e., spherical shape, thick-walled, internal zygote apparently at the beginning of sporulation, as well as their size) and of the eggs (i.e., ovoidal shape, rounded ends, smooth surface, thin-shelled, embryo in their interior, along with their morphometry) suggest that these specimens belong respectively to the orders Eucoccidiorida and Strongylida (Family Ancylostomatidae) represented by several parasitic species of the alimentary tract of modern carnivore. This is the first record of paleoparasites discovered in a vertebrate host from the Touro Passo Formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F F Cardia
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo J Bertini
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucilene G Camossi
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia B Richini-Pereira
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Ciências Biomédicas, CLR II, R. Rubens Arruda, Q6, 17015-110 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora O Losnak
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Ciências Biomédicas, CLR II, R. Rubens Arruda, Q6, 17015-110 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Francischini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dentzien-Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, Km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Barrios-de Pedro S, Osuna A, Buscalioni ÁD. Helminth eggs from early cretaceous faeces. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18747. [PMID: 33127992 PMCID: PMC7599231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceptional fossil site of Las Hoyas (upper Barremian, Cuenca, Spain) yields abundant small to medium vertebrate coprolites, hindering the search for parasites. We studied the contents of 29 coprolites that were previously classified into distinct morphotypes. Several parasitic eggs were retrieved from two of these coprolites, confirming the second record of digenea trematode eggs and nematode (ascaridid) eggs from an Early Cretaceous locality. The cylindrical coprolite containing anisakid eggs was likely produced by a crocodylomorph as the parasite host, whereas the bump-headed lace coprolite indicates the role of a fish as an intermediary or definitive host of the trematodes and ascaridids. These trace and body fossils show that the Las Hoyas 126-129 Ma lacustrine ecosystem documents the early connection between basal Gonorynchiformes fish and digenetic trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barrios-de Pedro
- Unidad de Paleontología and Centro para la Integración en Paleobiología (CIPb), Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología, Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángela D Buscalioni
- Unidad de Paleontología and Centro para la Integración en Paleobiología (CIPb), Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Ancient parasitic DNA reveals Toxascaris leonina presence in Final Pleistocene of South America. Parasitology 2019; 146:1284-1288. [PMID: 31196226 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Parasitological analysis of coprolites has allowed exploring ecological relationships in ancient times. Ancient DNA analysis contributes to the identification of coprolites and their parasites. Pleistocene mammalian carnivore coprolites were recovered from paleontological and archaeological site Peñas de las Trampas 1.1 in the southern Puna of Argentina. With the aim of exploring ancient ecological relationships, parasitological analysis was performed to one of them, dated to 16 573-17 002 calibrated years BP, with 95.4% probability. Parasite eggs attributed to Toxascaris sp. by morphological characters were isolated. DNA of coprolite and eggs was extracted to molecular identification. Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis confirmed the zoological origin of the coprolite as Puma concolor and that of parasite eggs as Toxascaris leonina. This is the oldest molecular parasite record worldwide, and it supports the presence of this parasite since the Pleistocene in America. These findings have implications for the biogeographic history of parasites and for the natural history of the region.
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Enriquez GF, Macchiaverna NP, Argibay HD, López Arias L, Farber M, Gürtler RE, Cardinal MV, Garbossa G. Polyparasitism and zoonotic parasites in dogs from a rural area of the Argentine Chaco. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2019; 16:100287. [PMID: 31027600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dogs play an important role as reservoirs and hosts of multiple pathogens shared with humans and wildlife, which contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. Here, we assessed the occurrence of a broad range of zoonotic and non-zoonotic parasites in dogs from a rural area in the humid Chaco; determined the occurrence of polyparasitism; and explored its association with selected risk factors. In total, 212 dogs were examined serologically to determine Trypanosoma cruzi infection and 152 of them also were examined for Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia bugderfori, Anaplasma phagocitophylum, Dirofilaria immitis and Toxoplasma gondii. Fecal samples from 85 dogs were examined for intestinal parasites. Seventeen parasite species were seen, 77% of which are zoonotic. The most prevalent parasites were Ancylostoma caninum (68.2%), T. gondii (55.3%, first report for dogs in Argentina), Giardia sp. (25.9%), Cryptosporidium sp. (20.0%), T. cruzi (16.5%), trematodes (15.3%) and Toxocara canis (14.1%). Polyparasitism was found in 96% of the dogs, with up to six parasite species in a single dog, and was significantly associated with age of dog but not with host body condition or sex. The most frequent pair of parasites found together were T. gondii-A. caninum (46%), A. caninum-T. cruzi (34%) and T. gondii-T. cruzi (27%). The prevalence of anemia and leukocytosis was significantly higher in dogs showing the worst body condition. Our findings likely reflect structural poverty, poor sanitation and lack of a safe water supply. Importantly, many of the prevalent parasites seen are threats to human health. 243 words.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Enriquez
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution of Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Argentina.
| | - N P Macchiaverna
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution of Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - H D Argibay
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution of Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - L López Arias
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biotechnology, Center for Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, INTA, Los Reseros S/N, Castelar, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biotechnology, Center for Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, INTA, Los Reseros S/N, Castelar, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R E Gürtler
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution of Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - M V Cardinal
- Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution of Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - G Garbossa
- Laboratory of Clinical and Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Piso 4, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Public Health Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires, Presidente José Evaristo Uriburu 950, Piso 1, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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