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Evaluation of two heterologous recombinant antigens for the serological diagnosis of human polycystic echinococcosis. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e21. [PMID: 35297359 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic echinococcosis (PE) is a zoonosis endemic in the Neotropical region of the Americas. It is caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus vogeli, which develops as harmful cysts that slowly grow in the liver, lungs and other organs of humans and other host species. Human PE diagnosis is usually based on clinical and epidemiological aspects and imaging techniques, often requiring confirmation by immunological assays. The currently available serological tests for detecting antibodies against Echinococcus spp. are mostly based on complex, variable and poorly characterized mixtures of native parasite antigens, which impairs specificity and/or sensitivity. In this scenario, the evaluation of well-characterized alternative antigens is urgently needed for the improvement of PE diagnosis. Here, two subunits (AgB8/1 and AgB8/2) of the major secretory antigen from Echinococcus granulosus (antigen B (AgB)), of diagnostic value for cystic echinococcosis, were validated for PE diagnosis. These antigens, produced as pure recombinant proteins (rAgB8/1 and rAgB8/2) in Escherichia coli, allowed detecting specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in sera from PE patients in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with sensitivities of 83.72% and 81.40%, respectively, and specificities of 83.12% and 80.09%, respectively. The use of recombinant proteins overcomes difficulties to obtain parasite material and reduced non-specific reactions and costs. Our results demonstrated reproducibility and accuracy high enough to be considered valid according to the acceptance criteria for Food and Drug Administration assay validation. This qualifies rAgB8/1 and rAgB8/2 as potential substitutes for the currently used parasite crude or partially purified antigens.
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Strategies for Optimizing the Production of Proteins and Peptides with Multiple Disulfide Bonds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090541. [PMID: 32858882 PMCID: PMC7558204 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can produce recombinant proteins quickly and cost effectively. However, their physiological properties limit their use for the production of proteins in their native form, especially polypeptides that are subjected to major post-translational modifications. Proteins that rely on disulfide bridges for their stability are difficult to produce in Escherichia coli. The bacterium offers the least costly, simplest, and fastest method for protein production. However, it is difficult to produce proteins with a very large size. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris are the most commonly used yeast species for protein production. At a low expense, yeasts can offer high protein yields, generate proteins with a molecular weight greater than 50 kDa, extract signal sequences, and glycosylate proteins. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic species maintain reducing conditions in the cytoplasm. Hence, the formation of disulfide bonds is inhibited. These bonds are formed in eukaryotic cells during the export cycle, under the oxidizing conditions of the endoplasmic reticulum. Bacteria do not have an advanced subcellular space, but in the oxidizing periplasm, they exhibit both export systems and enzymatic activities directed at the formation and quality of disulfide bonds. Here, we discuss current techniques used to target eukaryotic and prokaryotic species for the generation of correctly folded proteins with disulfide bonds.
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Khatami SH, Taheri-Anganeh M, Movahedpour A, Savardashtaki A, Ramezani A, Sarkari B, Mostafavi-Pour Z. Serodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis based on recombinant antigens B8/1 and B8/2 of Echinococcus granulosus. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:1010-1020. [PMID: 32795213 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1807359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Since current methods for the diagnosis of CE are not efficient enough, rapid, and reliable tests are required for the acceleration of CE diagnosis. The present study aimed to produce recombinant B8/1 and B8/2 antigens of E. granulosus and evaluate their sensitivities and specificities separately and simultaneously for the diagnosis of CE. METHODS The recombinant B8/1 and B8/2 antigens were produced and used in an ELISA system for the diagnosis of CE. The sera specimens including 30 sera from pathologically confirmed CE patients, 30 from other non-CE patients, and 30 from healthy controls, were evaluated by the ELISA, using AgB8/1 and AgB8/2. RESULTS The results showed a sensitivity of 93.33%, 90%, and 96.7% for AgB8/1, AgB8/2, and their combination, respectively. The specificities were 91.7%, 93.33%, and 93.33% for AgB8/1, AgB8/2, and their combination, respectively. CONCLUSION Simultaneous usage of AgB8/1 and AgB8/2 increased the test sensitivity for the diagnosis of CE. Furthermore, the specificity of AgB8/1 and AgB8/2 combination was more than AgB8/1 and equal to AgB8/2 alone. The findings revealed that the simultaneous usage of AgB8/1 and AgB8/2 could be a suitable approach for the diagnosis of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Recombinant Proteins Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute on Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran.,Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Recombinant Proteins Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran.,Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
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Naqvi MAUH, Aimulajiang K, Memon MA, Hasan MW, Naqvi SZ, Lakho SA, Chu W, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Recombinant cold shock domain containing protein is a potential antigen to detect specific antibody during early and late infections of Haemonchus contortus in goat. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:36. [PMID: 32013987 PMCID: PMC6998305 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is one of the most important parasites that cause huge economic losses to small ruminant industry worldwide. Effective prognosis and treatment depend upon the early diagnosis of H. contortus infection. To date, no widely-approved methods for the identification of prepatent H. contortus infection are available to identify prepatent H. contortus infection properly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of recombinant cold shock H. contortus protein (rHc-CS) during early and late infections of H. contortus in goat. RESULTS Purified rHc-CS exhibited a clear band, with a molecular weight about 38 kDa. H. contortus eggs were not detected by fecal egg count technique from feces collected at 0 to 14 days post infection (D.P.I). However, eggs were detected at 21, 28 and 35 D.P.I. Hence, results of immunoblotting assay showed specific anti rHc-CS antibody detection in all goat sera collected at early stage (14 D.P.I) and late stage (21-103 D.P.I) of H. contortus infection. Furthermore, no cross reactivity was observed against Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica and Toxoplasma gondii or uninfected goats. Among several evaluated rHc-CS indirect-ELISA format variables, favorable antigen coating concentration was found 0.28 μg/well at 37 °C 1 h and overnight at 4 °C. Moreover, optimum dilution ratio of serum and rabbit anti-goat IgG was recorded as 1:100 and 1:4000, respectively. The best blocking buffer was 5% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) while the best time for blocking, serum incubation and TMB reaction were recorded as 60, 120 and 10 min, respectively. The cut-off value for positive and negative interpretation was determined as 0.352 (OD450). The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the rHc-CS, both were recorded as 100%. CONCLUSION These results validated that rHc-CS is a potential immunodiagnostic antigen to detect the specific antibodies during early and late H. contortus infections in goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain Naqvi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Muhammad Ali Memon
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Muhammad Waqqas Hasan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Sana Zahra Naqvi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Lakho
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Wen Chu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 210095
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