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Sánchez-Rodríguez O, Palomares-Resendiz EG, Díaz-Aparicio E, Arellano-Reynoso B, Martínez-Chavarría LC, Martínez-Serrano G, Hernández-Castro R. Molecular Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Vaginal Swab Samples from Sheep That Aborted. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38989592 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the etiological agent of Q fever in humans and one of the causes of abortion in small ruminants. Although coxiellosis is considered an exotic disease, there are a few reports in Mexico. Methods: The objective of this work was to determine the presence of C. burnetii DNA in vaginal samples from sheep that presented abortion and ram semen. A total of 180 vaginal exudate samples and 20 semen samples were obtained from five Central and Southern States of Mexico. Total DNA was extracted from vaginal swabs and C. burnetii was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing of the IS1111 insertion sequence. Results and Conclusion: In total, 110 (110/180) vaginal samples and 12 (12/20) semen samples were positive for C. burnetii. This is the first report of C. burnetii in sheep that aborted and in ram semen in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México
| | - Erika G Palomares-Resendiz
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Federal México-Toluca, Cuajimalpa, México
| | - Efrén Díaz-Aparicio
- CENID Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carretera Federal México-Toluca, Cuajimalpa, México
| | - Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México
| | - Luary C Martínez-Chavarría
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México
| | - Guadalupe Martínez-Serrano
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Tlalpan, México
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de Albuquerque TMNC, Campos GZ, d’Ovidio L, Pinto UM, Sobral PJDA, Galvão JA. Unveiling Safety Concerns in Brazilian Artisanal Cheeses: A Call for Enhanced Ripening Protocols and Microbiological Assessments. Foods 2024; 13:1644. [PMID: 38890872 PMCID: PMC11172062 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazilian artisanal cheeses have recently gained significant commercial prominence and consumer favor, primarily due to their distinctive sensory attributes and cultural and historical appeal. Many of these cheeses are made with raw milk and undergo a relatively short ripening period, sometimes ranging from 4 to 8 days, though it is usually shorter than the period stated by law. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy of a short ripening period in reducing certain zoonotic foodborne pathogens, such as Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetiid, and Mycobacterium bovis (as part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex). Additionally, a literature analysis revealed that the usual ripening conditions of Brazilian artisanal cheeses made with raw milk may be inefficient in reducing the levels of some hazardous bacterial, including Brucella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Coxiella burnetti, to the acceptable limits established by law, thus failing to ensure product safety for all cheese types. Moreover, the assessment of the microbiological safety for this type of cheese should be broader and should also consider zoonotic pathogens commonly found in bovine herds. Finally, a standardized protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of cheese ripening must be established by considering its peculiarities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Zampieri Campos
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (G.Z.C.); (L.d.); (U.M.P.)
| | - Loredana d’Ovidio
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (G.Z.C.); (L.d.); (U.M.P.)
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (G.Z.C.); (L.d.); (U.M.P.)
- Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil;
| | - Paulo José do Amaral Sobral
- Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil;
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Arantes Galvão
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil;
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Yanmaz B, Ozgen EK. Molecular prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cheese samples: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1335. [PMID: 38100127 PMCID: PMC10766031 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cheese is a popular dairy product consumed worldwide, and it has been implicated as a source of Coxiella burnetii infections. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to describe the molecular prevalence and source analysis of C. burnetii in cheese samples. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using the Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify studies reporting the molecular prevalence of C. burnetii in cheese samples. The pooled prevalence of C. burnetii in cheese samples was estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A meta-analysis was conducted using the mean and standard deviation values obtained from 13 original studies. The overall molecular prevalence of C. burnetii in cheese was estimated to be 25.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.1%-39.7%). The I2 value of 96.3% (CI95% 94.9-97.3) suggested high heterogeneity, with a τ2 of 0.642 (CI95% -0.141 to 0.881), and an χ2 statistic of 323.77 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our meta-analysis provides a thorough assessment of the molecular prevalence and source analysis of C. burnetii in cheese samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Yanmaz
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy UniversityBurdurTurkey
| | - Ediz Kagan Ozgen
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAtatürk UniversityErzurumTurkey
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Souza EARD, André MR, Labruna MB, Horta MC. Q fever and coxiellosis in Brazil: an underestimated disease? A brief review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e009822. [PMID: 36169506 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Q fever, caused by the γ-proteobacterium Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonosis of great importance and global impact. This agent has high transmissibility and can spread over long distances via wind, in which a small number of aerosolized particles are needed to infect susceptible hosts. The clinical diagnosis of Q fever is difficult owing to the variety of clinical signs shared with other diseases. In Brazil, studies related to C. burnetii are constantly being conducted, and this review aims to increase the number of approaches already studied, leading to the following question: is Q fever an unknown, neglected disease, or does it have a focal occurrence in certain areas (exotic/rare) in the country?
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Almeida Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Claudio Horta
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Santana MDS, Hoppe EGL, Carraro PE, Calchi AC, de Oliveira LB, Bressianini do Amaral R, Mongruel ACB, Machado DMR, Burger KP, Barros-Batestti DM, Machado RZ, André MR. Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and associated ticks from Brazil, with evidence of putative new genotypes of Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and hemoplasmas. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2808-e2831. [PMID: 35717607 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate, by molecular techniques, the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae, Bartonellaceae, Rickettsiaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Coxiellaceae e Babesiidae/Theileriidae agents in blood samples of free-living wild boars (Sus scrofa) and associated ticks in southeastern Brazil. For this purpose, 67 blood samples and 265 ticks (264 Amblyomma sculptum and one A. ovale) were analyzed. In the screening for Anaplasmataceae agents by a PCR assay based on the 16S rRNA gene, 5.97% blood samples and 50.54% ticks were positive. In the PCR assay for Ehrlichia spp. based on the dsb gene, 9.24% of ticks were positive. Despite the low occurrence, a possible new 16S rRNA genotype of Anaplasma sp. was detected in a wild boar's blood sample. According to phylogenetic analyses based on the groEL, gltA, sodB genes and ITS (23S-5S rRNA) intergenic region, it was found that A. sculptum and A. ovale ticks collected from wild boars carry Ehrlichia genotypes phylogenetically associated with E. ewingii, E. ruminantium, and new Ehrlichia genotypes previously detected in horses, peccaries, and ticks collected from jaguars. In the screening for hemoplasmas by a qPCR based on the 16S rRNA gene, 88.06% of blood samples and 8.69% of ticks were positive. Mycoplasma suis, M. parvum and a possible new hemoplasma genotype were detected in wild boars in southeastern Brazil. In the screening for Bartonella spp. using a nuoG-based qPCR assay, 3.8% of tick samples were positive. Phylogenetic inferences positioned four nuoG and one r gltA Bartonella sequences into the same clade as Bartonella machadoae. No blood or tick samples from wild boars showed to be positive in the qPCR for Coxiella burnetii based on the IS1111 gene. On the other hand, only 1.6% of ticks was positive in the nested PCR assay for piroplasmids based on the 18S rRNA gene. A 18S rRNA sequence detected in a pool of A. sculptum nymphs was phylogenetically close to Cytauxzoon felis sequences previously detected in cats from the United States. Rickettsia sp. closely related to R. bellii was detected in a pool of A. sculptum nymphs. This is the first report of hemoplasmas, B. machadoae and Cytauxzoon spp. in A. sculptum. Wild boars and associated ticks do not seem to participate in the epidemiological cycle of C. burnetii in the region studied. This invasive mammal species may act as a potential disperser of ticks infected with Ehrlichia spp., Bartonella spp., hemotropic mycoplasmas, and Cytauxzoon, and may bring important epidemiological implications in the transmission of bartonelosis, ehrlichiosis, hemoplasmosis, and cytauxzoonosis to humans and animals, more specifically to horses, rodents, pigs, and cats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de Souza Santana
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Carraro
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Calchi
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Laryssa Borges de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Dália Monique Ribeiro Machado
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Paes Burger
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Darci Moraes Barros-Batestti
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health - Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences/University State Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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